Manstein vs Buddeny round 2 (Chapter 24) The future battle on the ground will be preceded by battle in the air. This will determine which of the contestants has to suffer operational and tactical disadvantages and be forced throughout the battle into adoption compromise solutions - Erwin Rommel
Southern section of the eastern front July 1942
The Panzer Army Africa, the 1st Italian army and the Turkish army had been victorious in their initial spring battles, driving nearly all of Buddeny's Persian military district out of Persia proper. The front on July 2nd ran from the Turkish borders with the Soviet union, through northern Persia ending at the Caspian Sea at Astara. Ideally, as the genius of the desert thought, they should have been able to follow on Buddeny's heals and drive into the oil fields of Baku and points north, however the roughness of the terrain, the sheer distances involved, the exhaustion of forces, and the doggedness of Soviet rear guard troops had taken this option off the table.
the Genius of the desert had reached the Caucus mountains from the south
Manstein was forced to come up to this line and dig in whilst he reorganized his forces. His issues where several fold:
1. He needed to bring up the infrastructure of the Panzer Army Africa's Airforce in order to establish superiority over his new theater; plus his machines and pilots desperately needed rest and service after the difficult and hectic pace of operations in Iraq and lower Persia
2. He needed to service and reorganize his armored divisions which hadn't lost too heavily in the actual fighting against Buddeny BUT had worn themselves down over hundreds of miles of hard roadless marching. A great number of his tanks had to have their engines replaced at this time... no armored vehicle, no matter the quality could drive from Tripoli to the Caucuses without several substantial overhauls, and indeed the drive out of Iraq pushed many of Manstein and even more of Bastico's tanks into the service bay
manstein's panzer 4's still in their desert paint scheme needed major service prior to the next bound forward
3. The assault on the caucuses would be a different animal than his other campaigns, his troops where not configured for mountain assaults and he would require substantial artillery reinforcement to have any chance of cracking the mountain barriers. A detailed plan of attack with considerable stock piling of ammo had to be worked out
Manstein, Balck and Bastico along with several Turkish generals made visits to the front and several overflights to gauge the best way to press forward. The ASC assigned Baku, Grozny, Maikop and Stalingrad as primary objectives for Manstein's army group which stood over 40 divisions strong; but otherwise gave him a free hand in the conduct of the second stage of the campaign
Balck as commander of the German forces of the Panzer Army Africa tours the front
Buddeny was faced with different problems. He had settled on a solid defensive line and had tied in with other forces in the caucuses. The STAVKA was after him, telling the Vozd that he should relieved or promoted sideways after the disaster in Persia. However, Stalin's affection for Buddeny, and the credit he had built in Red Sands afforded him one more chance. However, Stalin was not without some punishment for failure, significant elements of Buddeny's staff where relieved and where replaced with hand picked STAVKA men. The message was clear, fuck up again and you are a dead man.
Buddeny did learn from his mistakes; at least to a degree. Aggressive bombing operations in the rear areas of the Panzer Army Africa where curtailed; whatever success the red air force enjoyed on these missions in other sectors wasn't to be had against Manstein, his pilots where too numerous and too experienced for those raids not to take prohibitive losses. Buddeny also reorganized his tank and cavalry corps and instilled harsher discipline on his junior officers... he made it a point to tell them that on the pain of death that they where not to get overzealous and continue to charge into unbreakable lines; nor where they to advance without artillery and infantry support being properly coordinated, and that any attack that didn't follow these new rules would result in a winter vacation to Sibera for all officers involved.
The Caucuses where home for Buddeny, he knew these mountains, he was born here. He fortified the passes and installed observation posts, howitzer and mortar platoons on the peaks whilst keeping his tanks and cavalry behind them in strong reserve groups backed by pre registered artillery should Manstein break through the passes; he also began a a process of installing wooden stakes in the valleys and in flatter areas between the mountains should the Germans make any attempts to use airborne troops to bypass his kill zones. The one place where Buddeny failed, was in his estimation of how long Manstein would need to reorganize his forces before they would be ready to attack; his staff said no earlier than July 19th, but on July 3rd Manstein received authorization to resume his advance...
to be continued...
thoughts?
Buddeny was given a chance to redeem himself after the disaster in Persia
A battalion of T-34's sits in reserve behind the Caucus mountains