Long term effects of a failed Glorious Revolution?

Hmm some very interesting points, if the Scots attempted to make the Union happen under James VII what might their terms be?

What terms? The Scottish were only able to demand so much OTL because Edinburgh held most of the cards succession wise and was able capitalize on it. Here its reversed, with London in clear control. If we're dealing with a Scotland that's suffering from a TTL Darian scheme then their bargaining chips are terrible, especially with James in a much stronger position after defeating Willem. If he wanted to and the Scots refused to play ball he could try for a Nueva Planta and dissolve Scotland unilaterally. Would probably be a disaster but could still happen. But realistically the Scots would try and keep their legal system intact and maybe lower tax rates for the first say decade or so of the union. Religiously the Scottish Episcopal Church would end up joined to the Anglican ecclesiastically. Not sure about Colonial trade. That could be a down the line issue.

James was bound for failure at some point anyways if he did not change his ways. Now, if the attempt spooks him into listening to Marlborough and some of the other more rational Protestants a bit more, then this could lead to a more pluralistic England.

The Union is almost inevitable by this point, being a question of when and how rather than if. Perhaps the biggest long term effect would be less enmity between Britain and France, and quicker issues with America, which was overwhelmingly anti-Catholic at the time. Then again, this could change too.

I'm not understanding the first half of your post. Do you mean that James was bound for failure/conflict in general or would still fail even after defeating William? Because if the former I agree. The way James handled politics was too back and white, to naive and trusting on many issues and was colored by shear ignorance of his countries prejudices. Though I do that that the policies in themselves would quite doable.

But if your mean the later than I have to disagree with you. If James beats William in 1688, either on land or at sea, then its over. The radical opposition to James (remember that most of the political establishment wanted James chastised and forced to abandon his pro Catholic/Dissenter policies, not deposed and replaced by a man who would drag England into expensive foreign wars that the English had no interest in) had played their card and lost. Willem's not going to make another attempt (no way the States-General and the Regents would authorize another invasion after losing the first), history has proven that the English wouldn't attempt a coup/uprising without foreign support so Marlborough's not going risk trying to rally the army to put Anne on the throne and no one in their right mind would consider resurrecting the commonwealth. Sure there would still be opposition to his policies and actions but more on the level that existed under his brother rather than his father.

As to the union, at this point I agree. At the very least some laws would be passed to make Scotland officially subordinate to England like what happened to Ireland. Plus chances are a failed colonial venture would still happen no matter whose on the throne and would provide an opportunity for unification. As for the colonies, I'm unsure at this point. The English Colonies in the 1680s were totally different than the British Colonies of 1776. From what I've read most opposition to James came from Massachusetts, not uniformly across the Colonies. And that was more to due with the Massachusetts charter being revoked and replaced with the Dominion of New England. Like I pointed out above the Colonists didn't take action until against James's policies until after his deposition was known. The Colonies were also much smaller population wise at this point as well (210,372 in 1690 compared to 2,500,000 in 1776). They simply lacked the ability or resources to resist their motherland at this point.
 
Interesting point in regards to Scotland and the Union, tbf, there is still a feeling within Scotland as there was during the time that they got royally screwed by the English during the Act of Union
 
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