List of US Presidents, 1960 to 2020

"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
What if Andrew Jackson had used his success in the Popular Vote to force his presidency?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to the Democratic-Republican ticket of Cass/Polk which successfully garnered votes from the South with its inclusion of former Governor Polk as the Vice President.
[7] Tensions in America were at an all time high as the Free Soil Party, led by Martin Van Buren, had gained control of both houses of legislature and the governorship in New York, Rhode Island, Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, gained control of both houses of congress in Illinois and New Jersey, gained the governorship and at least one house of congress in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania, one house of congress in Michigan, and the governorship in Wisconsin and Iowa, threatened to have their states secede, as the pro-slavery government of Cass wanted to expand American borders, invading Mexico, in order to create more states. Only the Great Compromiser could thwart the situation, and he reluctantly agreed to become President for one last time. The Compromise of 1849 called for no expansion into either the Pacific Northwest or Mexico. After implementing the Compromise, the elderly Clay largely left most matters to his Vice President, Daniel Webster.
 
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Inspired by a recent thread.

John Glenn for Senate 1964, President in 1968.

1968: John Glenn/Hubert Humphrey (Democrat)[1]



[1]John Glenn does not get injured and wins a senate seat in 1964. Four years later he narrowly defeats Ronald Reagan for the presidency. He will be president during the first moon landings.
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
What if Andrew Jackson had used his success in the Popular Vote to force his presidency?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.

* Wisconsin & Minnesota
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
What if Andrew Jackson had used his success in the Popular Vote to force his presidency?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republic/American) [9]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The Elections of 1856 would originally be contested by three parties: the Democratic-Republicans, National Republicans and American Party. The first advocated primarily a state decision on slavery, the second aimed to stop it and the third either chose to ignore it or leave it to popular sovereignty. Thus with early polling suggesting the National Republican ticket of Johnston/Fremont likely to win the Democratic-Republicans and American Party did the unthinkable: they decided to jointly support each other with a compromise reached of Democratic-Republican Stephen A. Douglas running for President and American Millard Fillmore as his Vice President. They would win the popular vote by a slim margin and the electoral vote by almost a landslide. However things were beginning to look grim for the Union with the issue of slavery becoming ever more pressing and both sides ever more agitated.

* Wisconsin & Minnesota
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
What if Andrew Jackson had used his success in the Popular Vote to force his presidency?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America*.

* Kentucky and Delaware both stayed neutral but both were essentially occupied by either side.

List of states within the USA in "Null and Void"
List of states within the Free States (Civil War) italicized

1. Delaware
2. Pennsylvania
3. New Jersey
4. Georgia
5. Connecticut
6. Massachusetts
7. Maryland
8. South Carolina
9. New Hampshire
10. Virginia
11. New York
12. North Carolina
13. Rhode Island
14. Vermont
15. Kentucky
16. Tennessee
17. Ohio
18. Louisiana
19. Indiana
20. Mississippi
21. Illinois
22. Alabama
23. Maine
24. Missouri
25. Arkansaw
26. Michigan
27. Florida
28. Sioux (Iowa)
29. Winnebago (Wisconsin)
30. Vermillion (Minnesota)
 
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"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
What if Andrew Jackson had used his success in the Popular Vote to force his presidency?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going poorly and the cost of human life mounting the Democratic-Republican caucus pushed Hunter out and Senator Robert Toombs of Georgia was nominated to replace him. The alliance was to continue however and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continue as a stalemate until 1866 when Robert E. Lee, General-in-Chief, managed to breakthrough and besiege the Free States' capital in Philadelphia. Nearing the end of Toombs' first term it seems as if victory might be achievable.
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
What if Andrew Jackson had used his success in the Popular Vote to force his presidency?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Stonewall Jackson (Military)

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going poorly and the cost of human life mounting the Democratic-Republican caucus pushed Hunter out and Senator Robert Toombs of Georgia was nominated to replace him. The alliance was to continue however and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continue as a stalemate until 1866 when Robert E. Lee, General-in-Chief, managed to breakthrough and besiege the Free States' capital in Philadelphia. Nearing the end of Toombs' first term it seems as if victory might be achievable.
[12] Although it seemed that the USA was at the cusp of victory, the generally good atmosphere all came crashing down in 1867, when John Brown and a large amount of soldiers sent by the Free States of America launched a massive slave revolt, with slaves refusing to help the USA's cause, taking control of ships, plantations, and even gaining most of Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri. In 1868, General Robert E. Lee launched a Coup, declaring himself President and his second-in-command, Stonewall Jackson, Vice President. He was able to stop the slave revolt from spreading south of the Potamac, and into Tennessee and Arkansaw. However, in 1870, he was forced to recognize the Free States of America, recognize Delaware entering into that area, and all areas north of north of 36°30′ latitude in the Louisiana Territory, bar Missouri, and the USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri, although both areas where controlled by the FSA, and General Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 and allow new elections. It would be rough path for the USA ahead.

List of states within 1870 USA in "Null and Void"

1 - Georgia
2 - South Carolina
3 - Virginia
4 - North Carolina
5 - Tennessee
6 - Louisiana
7 - Mississippi
8 - Alabama
9 - Arkansaw
10 - Florida

List of States claimed by the USA, but controlled by the FSA:

1 - Kentucky
2 - Missouri

List of states within 1870 Free States of America in "Null and Void" (order kept from date of admission into the USA):

1 - Delaware
2 - Pennsylvania
3 - New Jersey
4 - Connecticut
5 - Massachusetts
6 - Maryland
7 - New Hampshire
8 - New York
9 - Rhode Island
10 - Vermont
11 - Kentucky (note: claimed by USA)
12 - Ohio
13 - Indiana
14 - Illinois
15 - Maine
16 - Missouri (note: claimed by USA)
17 - Michigan
18 - Sioux (Iowa)
19 - Winnebago (Wisconsin)
20 - Vermillion (Minnesota)
 
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"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [12]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.

List of States within the United States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).


  1. Georgia
  2. South Carolina
  3. Virginia
  4. North Carolina
  5. Tennessee
  6. Louisiana
  7. Mississippi
  8. Alabama
  9. Arkansaw
  10. Florida
The states of Kentucky and Missouri remain claimed by the United States despite the conclusion of hostilities and their desire to remain with the Free States of America.

List of States within the Free States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).

  1. Delaware
  2. Pennsylvania
  3. New Jersey
  4. Connecticut
  5. Massachusetts
  6. Maryland
  7. New Hampshire
  8. New York
  9. Rhode Island
  10. Vermont
  11. Kentucky
  12. Ohio
  13. Indiana
  14. Illinois
  15. Maine
  16. Missouri
  17. Michigan
  18. Sioux
  19. Winnebago
  20. Vermillion
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] In 1875, Cuba and Puerto Rico declared independence as the Free Republics of Cuba and Puerto Rico, respectively, primarily at the urging of undercover FSA intelligence agents and followers of John Brown. Soon, the FSA decided to fight an undeclared war against the USA in these areas, sending massive amounts of soldiers, sailors, and supplies to help the FRC and FRPR. The USA could not deal with the situation, as the now-elderly John Brown once again led massive slave revolts, surprisingly somewhat supported by poor whites and the USA, having been in an economic depression since 1870, was forced to recognize the 'independence' of Cuba and Puerto Rico in October 1876 (in reality, all foreign relations were controlled by the FSA, and both the FRC and FRPR were forced to enter into highly favorable agreements to the FSA, benefiting many FSA industrialists and the FSA at large). Due to all this, Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was by far ahead in the polls, but massive electoral fraud led to the 'reelection' of Randolph, who 'got' more votes than voters, and 'got' over 99% of votes. Following his 'reelection', the USA continued to be in an economic depression, although the slave revolts were crushed in the Deep South, Florida, and Virginia, but Tennessee was effectively controlled by the self-declared "True State of Tennessee", a Brownite de facto nation ran by ex-slaves.

Lists of Presidents of the Free States of America


1860: Thaddeus Stevens / William Seward (National Repubican) [1]
1864: Thaddeus Stevens / William Seward (National Republican) [2]

1868: Joel Parker / Abraham Lincoln (Moderate) [3]
1872: Joel Parker / Abraham Lincoln (Moderate) [4]

1876: Frederick Douglass / Benjamin Butler (National Republican) [5]


  1. With Stevens and Seward being the major proponents of secession, it was agreed upon that they would become the temporary four-year President / Vice President team.
  2. With the War going very well for the North, it was no surprise that Stevens and Seward were easily reelected to another term in a landslide.
  3. With the War going okay, it was quite a surprise when the FSA's second political party, the Moderates, defeated NatRep candidate Edwin Stanton. So much a surprise, that the strongly NatRep New York Tribune famously incorrectly stated, on the headlines, STANTON DEFEATS PARKER, with a picture of Parker smiling, saying "that ain't the way I heard it!". This was probably due to concerns over another Siege of Philadelphia.
  4. Due to the sweeping victory for the North in 1870, it was no surprise that Parker was elected in 1872 in a sweep, winning all states except Vermont, and winning the popular vote (the FSA used the popular vote, instead of the electoral college) by 75%.
  5. However, trouble was brewing. The British economy crashed in 1873, sending shockwaves, including in the FSA. Although the recession was comparatively minor, the NatReps capitalized on the situation, as well as speaking of a harder line against the USA.

List of States within the United States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).


  1. Georgia
  2. South Carolina
  3. Virginia
  4. North Carolina
  5. Tennessee (note: effectively controlled by John Brown-supporting slaves)
  6. Louisiana
  7. Mississippi
  8. Alabama
  9. Arkansaw
  10. Florida
The states of Kentucky and Missouri remain claimed by the United States despite the conclusion of hostilities and their desire to remain with the Free States of America.

List of States within the Free States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).

  1. Delaware
  2. Pennsylvania
  3. New Jersey
  4. Connecticut
  5. Massachusetts
  6. Maryland
  7. New Hampshire
  8. New York
  9. Rhode Island
  10. Vermont
  11. Kentucky
  12. Ohio
  13. Indiana
  14. Illinois
  15. Maine
  16. Missouri
  17. Michigan
  18. Sioux
  19. Winnebago
  20. Vermillion
 
Last edited:
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzugh Lee (Country)

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] In 1875, Cuba and Puerto Rico declared independence as the Free Republics of Cuba and Puerto Rico, respectively, primarily at the urging of undercover FSA intelligence agents and followers of John Brown. Soon, the FSA decided to fight an undeclared war against the USA in these areas, sending massive amounts of soldiers, sailors, and supplies to help the FRC and FRPR. The USA could not deal with the situation, as the now-elderly John Brown once again led massive slave revolts, surprisingly somewhat supported by poor whites and the USA, having been in an economic depression since 1870, was forced to recognize the 'independence' of Cuba and Puerto Rico in October 1876 (in reality, all foreign relations were controlled by the FSA, and both the FRC and FRPR were forced to enter into highly favorable agreements to the FSA, benefiting many FSA industrialists and the FSA at large). Due to all this, Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was by far ahead in the polls, but massive electoral fraud led to the 'reelection' of Randolph, who 'got' more votes than voters, and 'got' over 99% of votes. Following his 'reelection', the USA continued to be in an economic depression, although the slave revolts were crushed in the Deep South, Florida, and Virginia, but Tennessee was effectively controlled by the self-declared "True State of Tennessee", a Brownite de facto nation ran by ex-slaves.
[15] Randolph agreed to step down from possible re-election and the ticket of Longstreet/Lee won the election. Under the new military dominated government, the "True State of Tennessee" was put down and relatively stability was beginning to return but the economy was still in the depths of the depression. Under the Longstreet Administration gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebels.

List of States within the United States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).


  1. Georgia
  2. South Carolina
  3. Virginia
  4. North Carolina
  5. Tennessee
  6. Louisiana
  7. Mississippi
  8. Alabama
  9. Arkansaw
  10. Florida
The states of Kentucky and Missouri remain claimed by the United States despite the conclusion of hostilities and their desire to remain with the Free States of America.

List of States within the Free States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).

  1. Delaware
  2. Pennsylvania
  3. New Jersey
  4. Connecticut
  5. Massachusetts
  6. Maryland
  7. New Hampshire
  8. New York
  9. Rhode Island
  10. Vermont
  11. Kentucky
  12. Ohio
  13. Indiana
  14. Illinois
  15. Maine
  16. Missouri
  17. Michigan
  18. Sioux
  19. Winnebago
  20. Vermillion
[/QUOTE]
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.


List of States within the United States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).



  1. Georgia
  2. South Carolina
  3. Virginia
  4. North Carolina
  5. Tennessee
  6. Louisiana
  7. Mississippi
  8. Alabama
  9. Arkansaw
  10. Florida
  11. West Florida
  12. Comancheria
The states of Kentucky and Missouri remain claimed by the United States despite the conclusion of hostilities and their desire to remain with the Free States of America.

List of States within the Free States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).

  1. Delaware
  2. Pennsylvania
  3. New Jersey
  4. Connecticut
  5. Massachusetts
  6. Maryland
  7. New Hampshire
  8. New York
  9. Rhode Island
  10. Vermont
  11. Kentucky
  12. Ohio
  13. Indiana
  14. Illinois
  15. Maine
  16. Missouri
  17. Michigan
  18. Sioux
  19. Winnebago
  20. Vermillion
  21. Virginia (West Virginia)
  22. Kansas
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]
1888: Isham G. Harris / Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (Liberal) [17]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.
[17] Concerned with economic stagnation and pressure from the Free States in the North, President Isham Harris drove a very active foreign policy of bringing the United States closer to European powers, in the belief that free trade would allow the still predominantly agricultural United States to return to prosperity. A firm believer in the Jeffersonian ideal of the independent yeoman farmer, he refused to introduce tariffs to aid industrialization. When the Country Party won the midterms of 1890, the nation found itself in a deadlock between the President and the Congress who favor bills to bring about tariffs on manufactured goods. The deadlock ignited a political debate over the constitutional arrangement, with the William and Mary scholar Woodrow Wilson gaining national prominence with his calls for a transition towards a British parliamentary constitution.


List of States within the United States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).



  1. Georgia
  2. South Carolina
  3. Virginia
  4. North Carolina
  5. Tennessee
  6. Louisiana
  7. Mississippi
  8. Alabama
  9. Arkansaw
  10. Florida
  11. West Florida
  12. Comancheria
The states of Kentucky and Missouri remain claimed by the United States despite the conclusion of hostilities and their desire to remain with the Free States of America.

List of States within the Free States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).

  1. Delaware
  2. Pennsylvania
  3. New Jersey
  4. Connecticut
  5. Massachusetts
  6. Maryland
  7. New Hampshire
  8. New York
  9. Rhode Island
  10. Vermont
  11. Kentucky
  12. Ohio
  13. Indiana
  14. Illinois
  15. Maine
  16. Missouri
  17. Michigan
  18. Sioux
  19. Winnebago
  20. Vermillion
  21. Virginia (West Virginia)
  22. Kansas
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]
1888: Isham G. Harris / Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (Liberal) [17]
1892: John B. Gordon / Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. (Country) [18]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.
[17] Concerned with economic stagnation and pressure from the Free States in the North, President Isham Harris drove a very active foreign policy of bringing the United States closer to European powers, in the belief that free trade would allow the still predominantly agricultural United States to return to prosperity. A firm believer in the Jeffersonian ideal of the independent yeoman farmer, he refused to introduce tariffs to aid industrialization. When the Country Party won the midterms of 1890, the nation found itself in a deadlock between the President and the Congress who favor bills to bring about tariffs on manufactured goods. The deadlock ignited a political debate over the constitutional arrangement, with the William and Mary scholar Woodrow Wilson gaining national prominence with his calls for a transition towards a British parliamentary constitution.
[18] The 1890 Midterms would leave little doubt about the likely winners of the 1892 Presidential Elections and so it was without much fanfare that the Country Party ticket of former Governor John B. Gordon, and Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. would sweep the popular and electoral votes. Gordon, a firm believer in Slavery and Segregation, would represent a step back in the process to end slavery.


List of States within the United States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).



  1. Georgia
  2. South Carolina
  3. Virginia
  4. North Carolina
  5. Tennessee
  6. Louisiana
  7. Mississippi
  8. Alabama
  9. Arkansaw
  10. Florida
  11. West Florida
  12. Comancheria
The states of Kentucky and Missouri remain claimed by the United States despite the conclusion of hostilities and their desire to remain with the Free States of America.

List of States within the Free States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).

  1. Delaware
  2. Pennsylvania
  3. New Jersey
  4. Connecticut
  5. Massachusetts
  6. Maryland
  7. New Hampshire
  8. New York
  9. Rhode Island
  10. Vermont
  11. Kentucky
  12. Ohio
  13. Indiana
  14. Illinois
  15. Maine
  16. Missouri
  17. Michigan
  18. Sioux
  19. Winnebago
  20. Vermillion
  21. Virginia (West Virginia)
  22. Kansas
 
John Glenn for Senate 1964, President in 1968.

1968: John Glenn/Hubert Humphrey (Democratic) [1]
1972: John Glenn/Ted Kennedy (Democratic) [2]


[1] John Glenn does not get injured and wins a senate seat in 1964. Four years later he narrowly defeats Ronald Reagan for the presidency. He will be president during the first moon landings.
[2] The very popular president Glenn changes your running mate, because veep Humphrey declined run the reelection. Senator Kennedy was choosed by party and was elected the new VP.
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]
1888: Isham G. Harris / Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (Liberal) [17]
1892: John B. Gordon / Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. (Country) [18]
1896: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [19]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.
[17] Concerned with economic stagnation and pressure from the Free States in the North, Harris drove a very active foreign policy to bring the United States closer to European powers in the belief that free trade would allow the still predominantly agricultural United States to return to prosperity. A firm believer in the Jeffersonian ideal of the independent yeoman farmer, he refused to introduce tariffs to aid industrialization. When the Country Party won the 1890 mid-terms, the nation found itself in a deadlock between the President and Congress (who favoured bills to bring about tariffs on manufactured goods). The deadlock ignited a political debate over the constitutional arrangement, with Woodrow Wilson gaining national prominence with his calls for a transition towards a British parliamentary constitution.
[18] The 1890 mid-terms would leave little doubt about the likely winners of the 1892 presidential election, and so it was without much fanfare that the Country Party ticket of former Governor John B. Gordon and Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. would sweep both the popular and electoral votes. Gordon, a firm believer in slavery and segregation, would represent a step back in the process to end slavery.
[19] The 1896 election marked the end of the immediate post-civil war period, and initiated the beginning of the Third Party system in the United States. Gordon, a keen reactionary, had suffered a colossal loss of support in the mid-terms of his presidency; the American public were sick of the slavery debate, and wanted as rapid a solution as possible. Bland, therefore, seized the presidency by a comfortable margin in 1896. Only the second Liberal government in a quarter-decade, the large margins in both Houses allowed the passing of a series of Industrial Acts that kick-started American industrial growth (with European backing) and the decisive Slave Emancipation in 1898. With former slaves established in their agricultural communities as relative equals, the Liberal Party received a flood of support from the new voting population - this was significantly aided by the Liberal roots in the Democratic-Republican ideal of agricultural yeomanry and independence.

"To Boldly Go!" - John Glenn in 1968
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if John Glenn was elected to the Senate in 1964, and secured the Democratic nomination in 1968?

1968: John Glenn / Hubert Humphrey (Democratic) [1]
1972: John Glenn / Ted Kennedy (Democratic) [2]

1976: Ronald Reagan / Bob Dole (Republican) [3]

[1] Unabated by a close-call with serious injury, John Glenn secured a Senate seat in 1964 against strong Republican competition. Despite an initially unimpressive keynote speech, Glenn also was nominated for the President and narrowly defeated Ronald Reagan in 1968. Most significantly, Glenn presided over the first American lunar landings in 1969.
[2] Popular and keen to establish his legacy, Glenn replaced his running mate for the 1972 election (opting it safe with a well-known Kennedy). American success in the Cold War continued, although the Soviet Union increasingly began to retract from efforts in space.
[3] After Glenn chose not to stand again in 1976 - an uncontroversial decision - Kennedy assumed the mantle for the Democrats. However, Reagan staged another close election and narrowly entered the White House. Whilst unconvinced by the long-term role of the space program in the Cold War, Reagan began to militarize Earth orbit with the trial of the Star Wars Strategic Defence Initiative (which planned to carry nuclear payloads in orbit and strike down any approaching Soviet missiles en route to the continental United States).
 
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"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]
1888: Isham G. Harris / Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (Liberal) [17]
1892: John B. Gordon / Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. (Country) [18]
1896: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [19]
1900: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [20]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.
[17] Concerned with economic stagnation and pressure from the Free States in the North, Harris drove a very active foreign policy to bring the United States closer to European powers in the belief that free trade would allow the still predominantly agricultural United States to return to prosperity. A firm believer in the Jeffersonian ideal of the independent yeoman farmer, he refused to introduce tariffs to aid industrialization. When the Country Party won the 1890 mid-terms, the nation found itself in a deadlock between the President and Congress (who favoured bills to bring about tariffs on manufactured goods). The deadlock ignited a political debate over the constitutional arrangement, with Woodrow Wilson gaining national prominence with his calls for a transition towards a British parliamentary constitution.
[18] The 1890 mid-terms would leave little doubt about the likely winners of the 1892 presidential election, and so it was without much fanfare that the Country Party ticket of former Governor John B. Gordon and Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. would sweep both the popular and electoral votes. Gordon, a firm believer in slavery and segregation, would represent a step back in the process to end slavery.
[19] The 1896 election marked the end of the immediate post-civil war period, and initiated the beginning of the Third Party system in the United States. Gordon, a keen reactionary, had suffered a colossal loss of support in the mid-terms of his presidency; the American public were sick of the slavery debate, and wanted as rapid a solution as possible. Bland, therefore, seized the presidency by a comfortable margin in 1896. Only the second Liberal government in a quarter-decade, the large margins in both Houses allowed the passing of a series of Industrial Acts that kick-started American industrial growth (with European backing) and the decisive Slave Emancipation in 1898. With former slaves established in their agricultural communities as relative equals, the Liberal Party received a flood of support from the new voting population - this was significantly aided by the Liberal roots in the Democratic-Republican ideal of agricultural yeomanry and independence.
[20] With the USA finally ending its' quarter-century of severe economic depression, slave revolts, mass uprisings, and wars that couldn't be won, it wasn't a surprise that Bland was reelected in a sweep, winning every single state and over 80% of the popular vote, and gaining two-thirds (in the House), and three-quarters (in the Senate) majority in the Houses of Congress. Bland decided to set upon entering talks with Moderate Party FSA President Adlai Stevenson on possible reunification, now that the USA had ended its essentially Semi-Feudalist economy and established equality between the races.

List of States within the United States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).



  1. Georgia
  2. South Carolina
  3. Virginia
  4. North Carolina
  5. Tennessee
  6. Louisiana
  7. Mississippi
  8. Alabama
  9. Arkansaw
  10. Florida
  11. West Florida
  12. Comancheria
The states of Kentucky and Missouri remain claimed by the United States despite the conclusion of hostilities and their desire to remain with the Free States of America.

List of States within the Free States of America
(All lists updated with each post, if necessary).

  1. Delaware
  2. Pennsylvania
  3. New Jersey
  4. Connecticut
  5. Massachusetts
  6. Maryland
  7. New Hampshire
  8. New York
  9. Rhode Island
  10. Vermont
  11. Kentucky
  12. Ohio
  13. Indiana
  14. Illinois
  15. Maine
  16. Missouri
  17. Michigan
  18. Sioux
  19. Winnebago
  20. Vermillion
  21. Virginia (West Virginia)
  22. Kansas
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
(1824 - 1904)
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]
1888: Isham G. Harris / Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (Liberal) [17]
1892: John B. Gordon / Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. (Country) [18]
1896: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [19]
1900: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [20]

Lists of Presidents of the American Republic (1904 -

1905: Michael H. Smith / Robert E. Pattinson (Centre) [21]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.
[17] Concerned with economic stagnation and pressure from the Free States in the North, Harris drove a very active foreign policy to bring the United States closer to European powers in the belief that free trade would allow the still predominantly agricultural United States to return to prosperity. A firm believer in the Jeffersonian ideal of the independent yeoman farmer, he refused to introduce tariffs to aid industrialization. When the Country Party won the 1890 mid-terms, the nation found itself in a deadlock between the President and Congress (who favoured bills to bring about tariffs on manufactured goods). The deadlock ignited a political debate over the constitutional arrangement, with Woodrow Wilson gaining national prominence with his calls for a transition towards a British parliamentary constitution.
[18] The 1890 mid-terms would leave little doubt about the likely winners of the 1892 presidential election, and so it was without much fanfare that the Country Party ticket of former Governor John B. Gordon and Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. would sweep both the popular and electoral votes. Gordon, a firm believer in slavery and segregation, would represent a step back in the process to end slavery.
[19] The 1896 election marked the end of the immediate post-civil war period, and initiated the beginning of the Third Party system in the United States. Gordon, a keen reactionary, had suffered a colossal loss of support in the mid-terms of his presidency; the American public were sick of the slavery debate, and wanted as rapid a solution as possible. Bland, therefore, seized the presidency by a comfortable margin in 1896. Only the second Liberal government in a quarter-decade, the large margins in both Houses allowed the passing of a series of Industrial Acts that kick-started American industrial growth (with European backing) and the decisive Slave Emancipation in 1898. With former slaves established in their agricultural communities as relative equals, the Liberal Party received a flood of support from the new voting population - this was significantly aided by the Liberal roots in the Democratic-Republican ideal of agricultural yeomanry and independence.
[20] With the end of the Great Economic Crash, the series of slave uprisings, and Civil War reparations Bland won a second election in a landslide all-state victory. Securing over 80% of the popular vote - and large majorities in both the House and Senate - Bland opened discussions with Adlai Stevenson (the Moderate President of the Free States) to discuss the chances of reunification between North and South now that the USA had brought the semi-feudalist agricultural society to a close and established racial equality.

[21] The negotiations between the two parties swelled in popularity amongst the general public of both nations, and consequently Bland and Stevenson entered into the Reunification Congress to bring both Americas back together. It was agreed that all current states would be brought back into a newly-proclaimed American Republic, and that the Electoral College - the source of much angst before the Civil War - would also be abolished. Established political parties in both the Free States and the Union would also be disbanded at their nearest convenience in time for the first unified election in 1905; the Liberals and Moderates formed the Centre Party whilst the Country and Radical Parties also discussed a merger. As both Stevenson and Bland stood down to allow a new era of co-operation to begin between the states, the North-South ticket of Smith and Pattinson secured a clear victory for the new Centre Party and a wholehearted adoption of reunification.

List of States within the American Republic
(All lists updated with each post if necessary).

Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont, Kentucky Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri, Arkansaw, Michigan, Florida, Sioux, Winnebago, Vermillion, West Florida, Comancheria, Kansas, Kanawha
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
(1824 - 1904)
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]
1888: Isham G. Harris / Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (Liberal) [17]
1892: John B. Gordon / Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. (Country) [18]
1896: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [19]
1900: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [20]

Lists of Presidents of the American Republic (1904 -

1905: Michael H. Smith / Robert E. Pattinson (Centre) [21]
1910: Michael H. Smith / Robert E. Pattinson (Centre)

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.
[17] Concerned with economic stagnation and pressure from the Free States in the North, Harris drove a very active foreign policy to bring the United States closer to European powers in the belief that free trade would allow the still predominantly agricultural United States to return to prosperity. A firm believer in the Jeffersonian ideal of the independent yeoman farmer, he refused to introduce tariffs to aid industrialization. When the Country Party won the 1890 mid-terms, the nation found itself in a deadlock between the President and Congress (who favoured bills to bring about tariffs on manufactured goods). The deadlock ignited a political debate over the constitutional arrangement, with Woodrow Wilson gaining national prominence with his calls for a transition towards a British parliamentary constitution.
[18] The 1890 mid-terms would leave little doubt about the likely winners of the 1892 presidential election, and so it was without much fanfare that the Country Party ticket of former Governor John B. Gordon and Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. would sweep both the popular and electoral votes. Gordon, a firm believer in slavery and segregation, would represent a step back in the process to end slavery.
[19] The 1896 election marked the end of the immediate post-civil war period, and initiated the beginning of the Third Party system in the United States. Gordon, a keen reactionary, had suffered a colossal loss of support in the mid-terms of his presidency; the American public were sick of the slavery debate, and wanted as rapid a solution as possible. Bland, therefore, seized the presidency by a comfortable margin in 1896. Only the second Liberal government in a quarter-decade, the large margins in both Houses allowed the passing of a series of Industrial Acts that kick-started American industrial growth (with European backing) and the decisive Slave Emancipation in 1898. With former slaves established in their agricultural communities as relative equals, the Liberal Party received a flood of support from the new voting population - this was significantly aided by the Liberal roots in the Democratic-Republican ideal of agricultural yeomanry and independence.
[20] With the end of the Great Economic Crash, the series of slave uprisings, and Civil War reparations Bland won a second election in a landslide all-state victory. Securing over 80% of the popular vote - and large majorities in both the House and Senate - Bland opened discussions with Adlai Stevenson (the Moderate President of the Free States) to discuss the chances of reunification between North and South now that the USA had brought the semi-feudalist agricultural society to a close and established racial equality.

[21] The negotiations between the two parties swelled in popularity amongst the general public of both nations, and consequently Bland and Stevenson entered into the Reunification Congress to bring both Americas back together. It was agreed that all current states would be brought back into a newly-proclaimed American Republic, and that the Electoral College - the source of much angst before the Civil War - would also be abolished. Established political parties in both the Free States and the Union would also be disbanded at their nearest convenience in time for the first unified election in 1905; the Liberals and Moderates formed the Centre Party whilst the Country and Radical Parties also discussed a merger. As both Stevenson and Bland stood down to allow a new era of co-operation to begin between the states, the North-South ticket of Smith and Pattinson secured a clear victory for the new Centre Party and a wholehearted adoption of reunification.
[22] Despite an economic boom due to Reunification, there was a strong possibility that the Progressive Party (merger of the Radicals and Country Party) candidature of Theodore Roosevelt and Booker T. Washington would win, due to popularity amongst Frontiersman, African-Americans, and immigrant workers. However, the economic boom proved to be the Centrists' saving grace; Smith was reelected with 51% of the vote compared to Roosevelt's 47%.

List of States within the American Republic
(All lists updated with each post if necessary).

Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont, Kentucky Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri, Arkansaw, Michigan, Florida, Sioux, Winnebago, Vermillion, West Florida, Comancheria, Kansas, Kanawha
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
(1824 - 1904)
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]
1888: Isham G. Harris / Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (Liberal) [17]
1892: John B. Gordon / Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. (Country) [18]
1896: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [19]
1900: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [20]

Lists of Presidents of the American Republic (1904 -

1905: Michael H. Smith / Robert E. Pattinson (Centre) [21]
1910: Michael H. Smith / Robert E. Pattinson (Centre) [22]
1915: Victor Murdock/ Thomas R. Amlie (Progressive) [23]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.
[17] Concerned with economic stagnation and pressure from the Free States in the North, Harris drove a very active foreign policy to bring the United States closer to European powers in the belief that free trade would allow the still predominantly agricultural United States to return to prosperity. A firm believer in the Jeffersonian ideal of the independent yeoman farmer, he refused to introduce tariffs to aid industrialization. When the Country Party won the 1890 mid-terms, the nation found itself in a deadlock between the President and Congress (who favoured bills to bring about tariffs on manufactured goods). The deadlock ignited a political debate over the constitutional arrangement, with Woodrow Wilson gaining national prominence with his calls for a transition towards a British parliamentary constitution.
[18] The 1890 mid-terms would leave little doubt about the likely winners of the 1892 presidential election, and so it was without much fanfare that the Country Party ticket of former Governor John B. Gordon and Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. would sweep both the popular and electoral votes. Gordon, a firm believer in slavery and segregation, would represent a step back in the process to end slavery.
[19] The 1896 election marked the end of the immediate post-civil war period, and initiated the beginning of the Third Party system in the United States. Gordon, a keen reactionary, had suffered a colossal loss of support in the mid-terms of his presidency; the American public were sick of the slavery debate, and wanted as rapid a solution as possible. Bland, therefore, seized the presidency by a comfortable margin in 1896. Only the second Liberal government in a quarter-decade, the large margins in both Houses allowed the passing of a series of Industrial Acts that kick-started American industrial growth (with European backing) and the decisive Slave Emancipation in 1898. With former slaves established in their agricultural communities as relative equals, the Liberal Party received a flood of support from the new voting population - this was significantly aided by the Liberal roots in the Democratic-Republican ideal of agricultural yeomanry and independence.
[20] With the end of the Great Economic Crash, the series of slave uprisings, and Civil War reparations Bland won a second election in a landslide all-state victory. Securing over 80% of the popular vote - and large majorities in both the House and Senate - Bland opened discussions with Adlai Stevenson (the Moderate President of the Free States) to discuss the chances of reunification between North and South now that the USA had brought the semi-feudalist agricultural society to a close and established racial equality.

[21] The negotiations between the two parties swelled in popularity amongst the general public of both nations, and consequently Bland and Stevenson entered into the Reunification Congress to bring both Americas back together. It was agreed that all current states would be brought back into a newly-proclaimed American Republic, and that the Electoral College - the source of much angst before the Civil War - would also be abolished. Established political parties in both the Free States and the Union would also be disbanded at their nearest convenience in time for the first unified election in 1905; the Liberals and Moderates formed the Centre Party whilst the Country and Radical Parties also discussed a merger. As both Stevenson and Bland stood down to allow a new era of co-operation to begin between the states, the North-South ticket of Smith and Pattinson secured a clear victory for the new Centre Party and a wholehearted adoption of reunification.
[22] The American Republic almost immediately entered into a post-reunification boom. However, despite the popularity of the Centre there was a strong possibility that the Progressive Party (the merger of the Northern Radicals and the Country Party) could clinch the presidency with Theodore Roosevelt and Booker T. Washington largely due to a large amount of support amongst frontiersman, Afro-Americans and immigrant workers. However, the continuing economic boom served to save the Centre - Smith was re-elected with 51% of the vote compared to 47% for Roosevelt.
[23] Despite their presidency over the founding of the American Republic and the post-reunification boom; the Centre would lose their first election in 1915 to the resurgent Progressive Party. Roosevelt had run as an Independent candidate following his failed nomination attempt, and had actually split the Centre vote more significantly than his rivals. Murdock was victorious by a small majority, but immediately began concerned with the first foreign policy crisis for the new Republic. The Third Mexican-Texan War in 1916 pushed hawks in the government to call for an American intervention (chiefly with the aim of persuading Texan unification with the United States and secured territory in Central America). With Californian support for the Texan cause in 1917, Murdock authorized an American Expeditionary Force to engage the Mexicans. The war was still continuing by the time of the election in 1920.

List of States within the American Republic
(All lists updated with each post if necessary).

Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont, Kentucky Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri, Arkansaw, Michigan, Florida, Sioux, Winnebago, Vermillion, West Florida, Comancheria, Kansas, Kanawha
 
"Null and Void" - Jackson in 1824
Lists of Presidents of the United States
(1824 - 1904)
What if Andrew Jackson did not fall victim to a "rotten deal" in 1824, and consequently led his wing of the Democratic-Republicans to victory?

1824: Andrew Jackson / John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) [1]
1828: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [2]
1832: Henry Clay / John Q. Adams (National Republican) [3]
1836: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [4]
1840: John Floyd / Henry Lee (Nullifier) [5]
1844: Lewis Cass / James K. Polk (Democratic-Republican) [6]
1848: Henry Clay / Daniel Webster (National Republican) [7]
1852: James K. Polk / Robert J. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [8]
1856: Stephen A. Douglas / Millard Fillmore (Democratic-Republican / American) [9]
1860: Robert M. T. Hunter / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [10]
1864: Robert Toombs / John Bell (Democratic-Republican / American) [11]
1868: Robert E. Lee / Thomas J. Jackson (Military Government) [12]
1872: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [13]
1876: George W. Randolph / Thomas Bragg (Country) [14]
1880: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [15]
1884: James Longstreet / Fitzhugh Lee (Country) [16]
1888: Isham G. Harris / Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (Liberal) [17]
1892: John B. Gordon / Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. (Country) [18]
1896: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [19]
1900: Richard P. Bland / Edward S. Bragg (Liberal) [20]

Lists of Presidents of the American Republic (1904 -

1905: Michael H. Smith / Robert E. Pattinson (Centre) [21]
1910: Michael H. Smith / Robert E. Pattinson (Centre) [22]
1915: Victor Murdock/ Thomas R. Amlie (Progressive) [23]
1920: Robert LaFollete / Thomas Watson (Progressive) [24]

[1] The collapse of the Federalist Party in the 1824 election would result in the ascendency of the new two-party system in the United States; Jackson took the Presidency with the Democratic-Republicans, whilst Clay and his allies fractured off to form the new opposition National Republicans.
[2] In 1828, the Clay/Adams ticket narrowly defeated a second Jackson attempt at the Presidency following the union of the two tickets to send Jackson out of office.
[3] Despite both sides losing votes to the Nullifier Party in 1832, Clay managed to return for a isolationist and containing second term. The annexation of Texas was just defeated in the House, whilst the Nullifiers continued to make ground against both parties.
[4] The 1836 election would be one of the closest in history, but in a shock result both the Democratic-Republicans and the National Republicans would be ousted by the up-and-coming Nullifier Party led by John Floyd and Henry Lee.
[5] During the first Nullifier administration, tensions between North and South (and the political parties) increased dramatically. Angered by an apparently pro-slavery bias within government, New England in particular began discussing secession openly. The 1840 government was therefore extremely fractious; Floyd, losing popularity fast, was controversially endorsed by former Vice President John C. Calhoun. The popular vote lay heavily in the favour of the National Republicans, but Floyd - with the support of the South - carried the Electoral College. Anarchy ensued, and parts of the North rose up in angry confrontation. Whilst the country remained united throughout the entire term (largely thanks to the mediation of prominent liberal figures), the second Nullifier government had to play it safe and settled for the addressing of pro-state economic policies (foiled by Northern filibuster) and the settlement of the Pacific Northwest.
[6] The Nullifier Party would finally lose the Presidency to Lewis Cass, who successfully garnered votes from the crucial South with his inclusion of former Governor Polk as his running mate.
[7] By 1848, tensions in the United States were at an all-time high; the Free-Soil Party (newly incorporated by Martin Van Buren) gained control of both Houses and a large number of governorships in the North. They threatened secession from the Union as Cass attempted to incorporate more slave states from Mexico. The country fell back to secure hands, as Henry Clay agreed to run for President for a third time. The Great Compromise of 1849 called for no further expansion into the Pacific or Mexico, and the restriction on the creation of new states (free or slave). Following the passing of the Compromise, the elderly Clay left most governmental matters to his Vice President (Daniel Webster).
[8] The Great Compromise created a major problem for the hawkish expansionist Democratic-Republicans, and many expected a return for Webster for government (but as President). However, the 1852 election - much like 1836 - would prove extremely close. Much like the end of the Nullifier administration, Webster secured the majority of the popular vote but Polk - campaigning to review the terms of the Compromise and ensure state sovereignty on slavery - squeaking through with the support of the South. With the admission of Winnebago and Vermillion* in 1849 sanctioned by the Compromise to sate the dissatisfied North, Polk was faced with a majority of free-states and unable to declare war either on Mexico (particularly with the beginning of the Californian Western War of Independence), Texas (still a loyal American ally) or Britain (over the Pacific Northwest), and as such turned to the Caribbean. Overtures were made to Spain regarding the purchase of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and following a collapse in relations Polk authorized the beginning of the First American-Spanish War (1854-1856). Following the Treaty of Havana, Polk popularly brought the Spanish Caribbean into the Union as territories - with the goal, potentially, of bringing Cuba to statehood as soon as possible.
[9] The 1856 election would be contested by three parties; the pro-slave Democratic-Republicans advocated a state-led solution, whilst the National Republicans sought to prohibit slavery nationally. However, the rise of the American Party (led by Millard Fillmore) would represent a change of direction in the conservative-right. Initially, it looked likely that the National Republicans - under Johnston and Frémont - would clinch the presidency. This triggered panic in the Democratic-Republicans who, controversially, entered into an endorsement arrangement with Fillmore winning the popular vote by a slim margin but the Electoral College by a landslide.
[10] The victory of the Democratic-American alliance in 1860 almost triggered the immediate secession of the most dedicated free states in the North. However, moderates in the North did not believe the results of an election to be a just cause for dividing the Union; almost immediately, plans for the future expansion of slavery into the Caribbean were immediately suspended. Urgent discussions began in all tiers of government to resolve the Slavery Crisis, and by 1858 it looked likely a diplomatic compromise could be reached. However, when John Brown staged a large slave revolt in Virginia and the subsequent governmental response, many Northerners were persuaded that the only way slavery would survive was via force, and the DemAm government was prepared to use such methods. Going into the 1860 election, many Northern states were already in a state of tense defiance - several refused to endorse the election, and following the continued "success" of the alliance (under new leaders Hunter and Bell respectively) the Northern states declared the seceded Free States of America.
[11] With the Civil War going extremely badly and with a terrible cost in human life, the Democratic-Republican caucus expelled Hunter - replacing him with Robert Toombs. The Alliance, however, was to continue and Bell remained as Vice President. The Civil War would continued as a stalemate until the decisive Union breakaway (under future leader Robert E. Lee) in 1866 and the besieging of the FSA capital in Philadelphia.
[12] However, the Lee push was proven futile following the massive Slave Rebellion across the entire United States; John Brown and his semi-allies in the FSA took control of Delaware and Kentucky, and mass desertions and sabotage played havoc with the war effort. Faced with a collapsing leadership, Lee seized power in Washington accompanied by "Stonewall" Jackson and immediately arrested the success of the Rebellion - preventing it from crossing the Potomac. Nevertheless, the Union was collapsing. In 1870, the military government was forced to recognize that the war could not be won. Recognizing the Free States of America, Lee also acknowledged the handing over of Delaware and significant swathes of territories in the former Louisiana Territory. The USA continued to claim Kentucky and Missouri (despite both comfortably occupied by Northern troops), and Lee was forced to agree to step down in 1872 for new elections.
[13] By the recklessly-called 1872 election, the United States was in complete meltdown. As Lee - dictated by the North - demobilized the Army, anarchy spread across most of the country. Slaves rose up in rebellion, and many who had served simply joined militias from all stripes in the post-war chaos. With the catastrophe of the war, both the American economy and political situation had been completed destroyed. Whilst many attempted to cling to the Democratic-Republicans, the Country Party emerged around a coalition of wartime politicians determined to forcefully correct the anarchic situation. Watched by the military elite (who still dominated decision making in government), Randolph entered as President without any competition from an organized Opposition. Troops were recalled into service (which proved much easier on paper), and whilst by 1874 a large number of slave revolts had been quelled tensions on the FSA border - increasingly one of the most fortified in the world - continued to rise, and the Texan Emancipation Proclamation placed the latter firmly into the Northern sphere; the retributionist attitude of FSA President Joel Parker did not ease any concerns.
[14] The crisis was heightened by the secession of Cuba and Puerto Rico as the 'Free Republics' (FRC and FRPR respectively) in 1875; led by FSA insurgents and Brownites, the North resumed an undeclared war with the USA over the sovereignty of the islands. With the reluctant acknowledgement of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence, the Country Party suffered a considerable loss of support and, come the 1876 election, the Reunification Party candidate James L. Alcorn was significant leading in the polls. The military, however, pushed for the continuation of the Country government, and consequently significant electoral fraud returned the Randolph government. Following the re-election, the United States continued to suffer mercilessly at the hands of the slave rebellions (including the declaration of 'True Tennessee') and a virtually non-existent economy.
[15] 1880 saw Randolph declining a third attempt at election, and the alternate ticket of Longstreet and Lee comfortably won the contest. Under the new military-dominated regime, the 'True State of Tennessee' was crushed and a degree of stability returned whilst the economy continued to slide. Under the Longstreet administration, gradual plans for emancipation were beginning to be drawn up to placate the slave rebellions.
[16] Ten years from the end of the Civil War, the United States remained a relic of former glories; whilst the majority of the countryside had been returned to an uneasy disquiet, the Country Party was being to address the future of the American slaves. Longstreet was becoming increasingly influenced by the abolitionist European powers of Britain and France, as the USA had become increasingly reliant upon loans from the Mother Continent. Minor administrative changes were conducted as a beginning for the radical developments soon to arrive in the United States - slave communities were granted agricultural communes to become self-sufficient until their freedom (whenever it would come), whilst state boundaries were redrawn in a bid to increase the support of the government. West Florida was fractured from Florida, and Comancheria was inaugurated from the southern half of the former Oklahoma Territory. This coincidentally complimented an addition of states to the FSA in the north across this period.
[17] Concerned with economic stagnation and pressure from the Free States in the North, Harris drove a very active foreign policy to bring the United States closer to European powers in the belief that free trade would allow the still predominantly agricultural United States to return to prosperity. A firm believer in the Jeffersonian ideal of the independent yeoman farmer, he refused to introduce tariffs to aid industrialization. When the Country Party won the 1890 mid-terms, the nation found itself in a deadlock between the President and Congress (who favoured bills to bring about tariffs on manufactured goods). The deadlock ignited a political debate over the constitutional arrangement, with Woodrow Wilson gaining national prominence with his calls for a transition towards a British parliamentary constitution.
[18] The 1890 mid-terms would leave little doubt about the likely winners of the 1892 presidential election, and so it was without much fanfare that the Country Party ticket of former Governor John B. Gordon and Benjamin R. Tillman Jr. would sweep both the popular and electoral votes. Gordon, a firm believer in slavery and segregation, would represent a step back in the process to end slavery.
[19] The 1896 election marked the end of the immediate post-civil war period, and initiated the beginning of the Third Party system in the United States. Gordon, a keen reactionary, had suffered a colossal loss of support in the mid-terms of his presidency; the American public were sick of the slavery debate, and wanted as rapid a solution as possible. Bland, therefore, seized the presidency by a comfortable margin in 1896. Only the second Liberal government in a quarter-decade, the large margins in both Houses allowed the passing of a series of Industrial Acts that kick-started American industrial growth (with European backing) and the decisive Slave Emancipation in 1898. With former slaves established in their agricultural communities as relative equals, the Liberal Party received a flood of support from the new voting population - this was significantly aided by the Liberal roots in the Democratic-Republican ideal of agricultural yeomanry and independence.
[20] With the end of the Great Economic Crash, the series of slave uprisings, and Civil War reparations Bland won a second election in a landslide all-state victory. Securing over 80% of the popular vote - and large majorities in both the House and Senate - Bland opened discussions with Adlai Stevenson (the Moderate President of the Free States) to discuss the chances of reunification between North and South now that the USA had brought the semi-feudalist agricultural society to a close and established racial equality.

[21] The negotiations between the two parties swelled in popularity amongst the general public of both nations, and consequently Bland and Stevenson entered into the Reunification Congress to bring both Americas back together. It was agreed that all current states would be brought back into a newly-proclaimed American Republic, and that the Electoral College - the source of much angst before the Civil War - would also be abolished. Established political parties in both the Free States and the Union would also be disbanded at their nearest convenience in time for the first unified election in 1905; the Liberals and Moderates formed the Centre Party whilst the Country and Radical Parties also discussed a merger. As both Stevenson and Bland stood down to allow a new era of co-operation to begin between the states, the North-South ticket of Smith and Pattinson secured a clear victory for the new Centre Party and a wholehearted adoption of reunification.
[22] The American Republic almost immediately entered into a post-reunification boom. However, despite the popularity of the Centre there was a strong possibility that the Progressive Party (the merger of the Northern Radicals and the Country Party) could clinch the presidency with Theodore Roosevelt and Booker T. Washington largely due to a large amount of support amongst frontiersman, Afro-Americans and immigrant workers. However, the continuing economic boom served to save the Centre - Smith was re-elected with 51% of the vote compared to 47% for Roosevelt.
[23] Despite their presidency over the founding of the American Republic and the post-reunification boom; the Centre would lose their first election in 1915 to the resurgent Progressive Party. Roosevelt had run as an Independent candidate following his failed nomination attempt, and had actually split the Centre vote more significantly than his rivals. Murdock was victorious by a small majority, but immediately began concerned with the first foreign policy crisis for the new Republic. The Third Mexican-Texan War in 1916 pushed hawks in the government to call for an American intervention (chiefly with the aim of persuading Texan unification with the United States and secured territory in Central America). With Californian support for the Texan cause in 1917, Murdock authorized an American Expeditionary Force to engage the Mexicans. The war was still continuing by the time of the election in 1920.
[24] Although Murdock was relatively popular amongst the American people, the "Populists", or the Progressive Party's left-wing faction, conspired to depose him, and instead put their own candidate, Robert LaFollete, on the ticket. They eventually won out; LaFollete was nominated at the Progressives' National Convention, although Murdock ran as an independent, again, like Roosevelt, attracting more Centrists than Progressives. Due to the split vote, LaFollete was elected handily, withdrawing American troops by 1922, although the Texans were still annexed in the US in 1924, as the American support aided enough to achieve victory. Following the victory in Texas, LaFollete decided to establish universal healthcare, a long-held plank of the Progressives, as well as women's suffrage, another plank of the Progressives.

List of States within the American Republic
(All lists updated with each post if necessary).

Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Vermont, Kentucky Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri, Arkansaw, Michigan, Florida, Sioux, Winnebago, Vermillion, West Florida, Comancheria, Kansas, Kanawha, Texas
 
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