Chapter 34: Russia Calls it Quits
From August 22nd to the 30th the Russian 2nd Army fought – and lost – the Battle of Tannenberg with horrific losses. Then from the 7th of September to the 14th of that month the Russian streak of bad luck continued with their losses at the Battle of Masurian Lakes.
By September 15th it was clear that Russia was facing a disaster of the highest order. They had just lost two of their armies with the loss of approximately 300,000 men dead, wounded, or captured. Worse news followed that German units from the west were now starting to arrive in the east.
If one word could summarize the feelings and thoughts of the Imperial Russian General Staff and His Imperial Majesty, Nicholas II, Czar of all of Russia that word would be – PANIC!
The Russians were effectively on their own now with no allies.
While there were die-hards whom claimed Russia could and should fight on even if left to her own devices the Czar was of a different mindset now. Having had the fear of God put into him by his advisor Rasputin augmented by God’s apparent agent, the Imperial German Army, the Czar now sought to bring this disastrous war to an end.
When his Generals tried to dissuade him pointing at the successful advance Russian forces had made into Galicia Czar Nicholas II went to a map of Europe and said, “And when the Germans link up with the Austro-Hungarians, and they link up with the Turks as seems more likely the longer this war lasts how long do you suppose we shall be able to hold out?”
That assessment quickly silenced the rest of the Generals. The thought of a not one but three front war was not something that the Russian Army was prepared to deal with. Yes, the Austro-Hungarian front was under control for now, but if the Germans launched a combined attack with their new divisions arrived fresh from the west and the Ottoman Empire entered the war as well, it was likely the Russian Army would not be able to stop all of them.
Nicholas II continued. “The choice is simple. We must either accept an armistice and an unpopular peace for now. Or, we must face a disaster of unprecedented magnitude later. I am sorry gentlemen, but this war must end, now!”
While many wanted to urge the Czar to fight on, it was clear to the more sensible of them that without a second front in the West, Russia faced a long and uncertain fight.
And so, on September 30, 1914, Foreign Minister Sergey Sazanov was asked to meet with a German delegation at Brest Litovsk to negotiate a cease-fire. Unfortunately, Sazanov was one of the hard-liners who wanted to fight on. He openly refused an order from the Czar. He was immediately sacked and so the next day Boris Stumer, the quickly newly appointed Foreign Minister left St. Petersburg bound for Brest-Litovsk.
Meantime in Berlin Kaiser Wilhelm was pondering his next move.