In the international arena, the opponents of the Jagiellons, the Habsburgs, attempted to use King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania's Sigismund I's troubles in fighting against Moscow to their advantage. As early as the time of Casimir IV Jagiellon, the Habsburgs made their first contacts with the strengthening state of Moscow. In 1489, Emperor Friedrich III even offered the crown of King of Russia to Ivan III, which he declined.