What if Kievan Rus had chosen either Judaism or Islam? It would have been a particularly interesting scenario if they chose Judaism. The Khazars had already become Jews, but if also Kievan Rus had adapted this religion, it seems likely that Judaism would have become a much larger religion in numerical terms. Russia would also become a new home for the Jews and Jews from other countries would have had a large country to escape to when being persecuted. Probably it would also not have been necessary to reestablish er Jewish state in Palestine, and one would have avoided this conflict.