Somebody yes, but not the Corsican!
And I don't see how to avert the revolution. But I do see change in the revolutionary wars.
Any take on other first Consul will be very much appreaciated.
Oh I don't know....
Massena, Moreau perhaps.
Karl Peter Ulrich's War!
- Thread starter arctic warrior
- Start date
Oh I don't know....
Massena, Moreau perhaps.
Thanks AB - I'll do some studying on the French Revolution. Did some in High School but thats almost thirty years ago -
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Second War of Polish Succession[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The second year of the war saw the Austrians once again beaten in Italy and even if the Prussians were able to win victory over the French at Bayreuth the war in Poland made for an effective manpower drain on both German powers.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As the Danes didn't want to come to Frederick to give battle but stuck to their presence in Mecklenburg and blockading German ports - still anxious not to violate British neutrality - they never the less remained a force in being tying up a minor, but larger than desired because of the defeat the year before Prussian force not going anywhere.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The rest of the year saw manoeuvring in Central Germany and the Austrians steadily being pushed out of their Italian possessions.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And the French repeatedly trying to talk Bernstorff into letting the Danish army occupy Berlin; a proposal he firmly rejected.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]By now the British were sufficiently annoyed as to events on the Continent to give it some notice but still none of the warring parties wanted to give in.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Daniel Boone begin exploring the territory to become Kentucky.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Streshnev party in Russia manage to defeat their major opposition and thus have Tsar Ivan 6. recognized. But the times of troubles isn't over yet and Ivan's position isn't secure until several years later.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Ivan and Tsarina Anna is often displayed by Anna's father to show a live Tsar and issue.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The second year of the war saw the Austrians once again beaten in Italy and even if the Prussians were able to win victory over the French at Bayreuth the war in Poland made for an effective manpower drain on both German powers.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As the Danes didn't want to come to Frederick to give battle but stuck to their presence in Mecklenburg and blockading German ports - still anxious not to violate British neutrality - they never the less remained a force in being tying up a minor, but larger than desired because of the defeat the year before Prussian force not going anywhere.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The rest of the year saw manoeuvring in Central Germany and the Austrians steadily being pushed out of their Italian possessions.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And the French repeatedly trying to talk Bernstorff into letting the Danish army occupy Berlin; a proposal he firmly rejected.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]By now the British were sufficiently annoyed as to events on the Continent to give it some notice but still none of the warring parties wanted to give in.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Daniel Boone begin exploring the territory to become Kentucky.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Streshnev party in Russia manage to defeat their major opposition and thus have Tsar Ivan 6. recognized. But the times of troubles isn't over yet and Ivan's position isn't secure until several years later.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Ivan and Tsarina Anna is often displayed by Anna's father to show a live Tsar and issue.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]1770 [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The second son is delivered by Sophia Albertina. To be named Christian Adolf.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Danish veterinarian Peter Christian Abildgaard write “A Danish horse and cattle doctor”. The importance of the work is immediately recognized and Abildgaard is asked to found a Veterinarian School in Copenhagen.(OTL)[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Dr. Struensee always interested in ways to combat deceases visit Abildgaard (OTL) to ask of his opinion on why peoples who daily work with animals like cows and horses seems to be immune at the pox epidemics.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Working in unison the two begin a series of tests of inoculating peoples with cowpox. The results are much better than the old method of pox inoculation where even if less peoples than without inoculation would get ill a lot still got ill and would die.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Norwegians demand a Norwegian University being founded. At the moment the demand is rejected because of the ongoing war.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Kongsberg Silverworks deliver 10 tons of silver this year to the royal coffers of Denmark-Norway.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The second son is delivered by Sophia Albertina. To be named Christian Adolf.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Danish veterinarian Peter Christian Abildgaard write “A Danish horse and cattle doctor”. The importance of the work is immediately recognized and Abildgaard is asked to found a Veterinarian School in Copenhagen.(OTL)[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Dr. Struensee always interested in ways to combat deceases visit Abildgaard (OTL) to ask of his opinion on why peoples who daily work with animals like cows and horses seems to be immune at the pox epidemics.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Working in unison the two begin a series of tests of inoculating peoples with cowpox. The results are much better than the old method of pox inoculation where even if less peoples than without inoculation would get ill a lot still got ill and would die.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Norwegians demand a Norwegian University being founded. At the moment the demand is rejected because of the ongoing war.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Kongsberg Silverworks deliver 10 tons of silver this year to the royal coffers of Denmark-Norway.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Second War of Polish Succession[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Frederick 2. felt the strain on his army being tied up in Poland and pulled more and more troops out of Central Germany.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The French army prepared for invading Bohemia and in spring Emperor Joseph had had enough. His armies defeated or tied up in Poland; the French threatening invasion and most of his Italian possessions lost he asked Britain to mediate the parties.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At this time everybody was more than happy to see an end to hostilities and conference was convened in London.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At the conference Frederick Augustus was humiliated having to cede Royal Prussia to Frederick 2. but being compensated by receiving Jüterbog.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph gained Galizia in exchange for a few south German bits.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Denmark-Norway claimed Hamburg and Bremen but both Britain and the Emperor was against it and finally handed the generally worthless piece of north German real estate Mecklenburg-Schwerin to Frederick 5.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But the real victor was France regaining lands in Italy - Tuscany and Parma; just to rub it in on the Emperor it ceded Lorraine and Bar to Frederick Augustus claiming it to be party to the Polish King! [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Though Joseph had been offered the Duchies in exchange of the Austrian Netherlands that is. Joseph had declined the exchange. And the British wouldn't hear of it![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The victories made the position of le duc de Choisul once again stable even if there were conservative forces at court scheming to his downfall.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In an act that surprised all of Europe he managed to negotiate the marriage of the Dauphin and daughter of Empress Maria Theresia, Marie Antoinette once again allying France and Austria against Prussia! Frederick 2. was furious at the news.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph decree elementary education to all children in the Habsburg lands.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As news of the conference hit Poland-Lithuania rebellion break out. Frederick Augustus is denounced as ruler and the republic declared.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In Royal Prussia and Galizia the war on the Germans continue.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Frederick Augustus 1. look for allies to get help in combating his rebellious Polish subjects and strive to raise a new army to reconquer his kingdom. But apart from small military help offered by Denmark-Norway in occupying Liepaja no one heeded his pleas and Poland-Lithuania slowly slipped away from his grasp. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And his drastic increase in German territory helped ease the loss of Poland-Lithuania.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But as Frederick Augustus was to quit the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania his uncle Duke Carl of Courland began working to win it for himself.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Sweden have by now come to de facto possess all of Livonia. But it had been a slow process as French subsidiaries has run dry. Its possession is however questioned by frequent Russian and Lithuanian incursions. A state of affairs to continue for a few years.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]To overcome the Russian intrusions General Augustin Ehrensvärd plan a thrust at Pskov. The execution of the operations leave much to be desired even if the Swedish troops comes into sighting distance of Pskov but cannot force the Velikaya before the offensive is called off. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The offensive does calm Russian aspirations on Livonia and the Swedes gets a breathing space and some land south of the lake Peipus east of the Velikaya.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A second offensive into Lithuania north of the Dvina is cancelled.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Frederick 2. felt the strain on his army being tied up in Poland and pulled more and more troops out of Central Germany.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The French army prepared for invading Bohemia and in spring Emperor Joseph had had enough. His armies defeated or tied up in Poland; the French threatening invasion and most of his Italian possessions lost he asked Britain to mediate the parties.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At this time everybody was more than happy to see an end to hostilities and conference was convened in London.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At the conference Frederick Augustus was humiliated having to cede Royal Prussia to Frederick 2. but being compensated by receiving Jüterbog.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph gained Galizia in exchange for a few south German bits.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Denmark-Norway claimed Hamburg and Bremen but both Britain and the Emperor was against it and finally handed the generally worthless piece of north German real estate Mecklenburg-Schwerin to Frederick 5.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But the real victor was France regaining lands in Italy - Tuscany and Parma; just to rub it in on the Emperor it ceded Lorraine and Bar to Frederick Augustus claiming it to be party to the Polish King! [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Though Joseph had been offered the Duchies in exchange of the Austrian Netherlands that is. Joseph had declined the exchange. And the British wouldn't hear of it![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The victories made the position of le duc de Choisul once again stable even if there were conservative forces at court scheming to his downfall.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In an act that surprised all of Europe he managed to negotiate the marriage of the Dauphin and daughter of Empress Maria Theresia, Marie Antoinette once again allying France and Austria against Prussia! Frederick 2. was furious at the news.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph decree elementary education to all children in the Habsburg lands.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As news of the conference hit Poland-Lithuania rebellion break out. Frederick Augustus is denounced as ruler and the republic declared.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In Royal Prussia and Galizia the war on the Germans continue.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Frederick Augustus 1. look for allies to get help in combating his rebellious Polish subjects and strive to raise a new army to reconquer his kingdom. But apart from small military help offered by Denmark-Norway in occupying Liepaja no one heeded his pleas and Poland-Lithuania slowly slipped away from his grasp. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And his drastic increase in German territory helped ease the loss of Poland-Lithuania.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But as Frederick Augustus was to quit the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania his uncle Duke Carl of Courland began working to win it for himself.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Sweden have by now come to de facto possess all of Livonia. But it had been a slow process as French subsidiaries has run dry. Its possession is however questioned by frequent Russian and Lithuanian incursions. A state of affairs to continue for a few years.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]To overcome the Russian intrusions General Augustin Ehrensvärd plan a thrust at Pskov. The execution of the operations leave much to be desired even if the Swedish troops comes into sighting distance of Pskov but cannot force the Velikaya before the offensive is called off. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The offensive does calm Russian aspirations on Livonia and the Swedes gets a breathing space and some land south of the lake Peipus east of the Velikaya.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A second offensive into Lithuania north of the Dvina is cancelled.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The triumph of Algiers[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A couple of Danish merchantmen is captured by pirates off Algiers and taken to port. A bigger than usual ransom is demanded and Bernstorff have the Navy send off a squadron of four ships of the line, two frigates and eight bombard-galiot as well as a hospital ship to bombard Algiers and free the hostages. The warships also carried a substantial number of Marines for an assault on the fortresses.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]To further the successful negotiations following the landing of Marines and defeat of the Algerians Bernstoff asks Carsten Niebuhr to accompany the naval expedition as chief negotiator due to his mastering of the Arabian language.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The bombardment precede a landing of Marines that take one of the city's forts. The Dey of Algiers then ask for negotiations and Niebuhr handle the negotiations very well. The Scandinavian slaves are freed and the Dey is then paid the regular ransom. The Dey was quite baffled by the appearance of an Arabian speaking Danish naval officer and this eased negotiations substantially.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Returning from Algiers in triumph Niebuhr is elevated to the German Chancellery as expert on Arabian matters and sent on an expedition to the Baltic to renew naval maps. During this his aide is a young Lieutenant Poul Loevenoern.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A Greek uprising is quelled by Ottoman troops.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Townsend Act is repealed except the tea duties.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In a riot in Boston British troops fire on the rioters killing 2 and wounding 3 that later die of their wounds.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The colonist's then proceed to boycott tea which nearly brings the British East India Company to ruin.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]James Cook claims Australia for the British Crown.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A couple of Danish merchantmen is captured by pirates off Algiers and taken to port. A bigger than usual ransom is demanded and Bernstorff have the Navy send off a squadron of four ships of the line, two frigates and eight bombard-galiot as well as a hospital ship to bombard Algiers and free the hostages. The warships also carried a substantial number of Marines for an assault on the fortresses.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]To further the successful negotiations following the landing of Marines and defeat of the Algerians Bernstoff asks Carsten Niebuhr to accompany the naval expedition as chief negotiator due to his mastering of the Arabian language.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The bombardment precede a landing of Marines that take one of the city's forts. The Dey of Algiers then ask for negotiations and Niebuhr handle the negotiations very well. The Scandinavian slaves are freed and the Dey is then paid the regular ransom. The Dey was quite baffled by the appearance of an Arabian speaking Danish naval officer and this eased negotiations substantially.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Returning from Algiers in triumph Niebuhr is elevated to the German Chancellery as expert on Arabian matters and sent on an expedition to the Baltic to renew naval maps. During this his aide is a young Lieutenant Poul Loevenoern.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A Greek uprising is quelled by Ottoman troops.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Townsend Act is repealed except the tea duties.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In a riot in Boston British troops fire on the rioters killing 2 and wounding 3 that later die of their wounds.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The colonist's then proceed to boycott tea which nearly brings the British East India Company to ruin.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]James Cook claims Australia for the British Crown.[/FONT]
A map of Europe post the Second War of Polish Succession just before the Polish Republic
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]1771 Health, agriculture and renown[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The new bath at Fredericksberg open to the wealthy. The opening is attended by Prince Christian, Sophia Albertina and Dr. Struensee.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And it was noted that the Prince was in a very pleasant mood during the opening. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The bath quickly reach the position as the place to be in and be seen at even if the relaxed atmosphere differed much from court and the crowd was naturally another.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Struensee's medical interest is also of the Queens interest and she have him relate to her the results of his and Abildgaard's experiments with cowpox inoculation. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At the Queens instigation Struensee inoculate the entire court with cowpox – at a fee of course; the man had to make an honest living. To advance it the first inoculated is the Queen herself and the young Princes. As all survive the inoculation without scars the ice is broken.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Queen also have him use his skills in the midwife work to the benefit of women at court. Soon she would herself have to rely on that too as the King lost interest in her but she wouldn't forsake the benefits of life![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At the peak of power Bernstorff, Saint-Germain and Schimmelmann, controlling the German Chancellery, Foreign Office, Ministry of War and Treasury demand the Government/Kings council that the Stavnsbaand (mild serfdom) be abolished! They have been the advocates of change in the agricultural production for half a decade and feel the time ripe now.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In compensation the peasants are to pay more taxes to the King and serve a final number of days a year to the local nobility but the nobility is encouraged to employ more workers to lessen the burden on the peasants. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]There are widespread resistance among the nobility on this issue as it is seen as the decline and ultimate end of nobility. But there are also supporters such as the Reventlow brothers who share the ideas and want to take it even further by implementing better education of the peasants.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]German peasants is encouraged to enter the Kingdom and its Duchies and County to augment the number of rural workers.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]To increase crops outcome the potato is advocated on poor soils.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The English increase in agricultural imports is what in the years to come really makes the abolishing to be regarded as a kind of prophetic decision.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The population of all the Kings lands begin an increase.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Conscription is introduced in the Kingdom of Denmark and the Duchies of Slesvig and Holstein as well as the County of Oldenburg. This had been fact in the Kingdom since 1763.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the lessons of the 1768-70 war was the need for enlarging the navy to be able to handle more tasks than just cruise the Baltic and keep the Swedes in check. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The need to keep a small squadron in Norway as well as being able to blockade Germans ports as well as patrolling the Baltic, watch the Swedes and take care of overseas commitments made it clear that a larger fleet was needed.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The battle fleet of ships of the line was found to be at a close to optimum at 33 but shouldn't be any less. If possible the number could be increased to 40 but this wasn't viewed as the immediate need.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The frigate class however needed enlargement to handle the many other tasks besides giving battle to enemy ships of the line. It was reckoned that an additional 15 frigates be built to meet needs. A programme was decided upon that would add the needed frigates within five years. The ships were to carry 40 guns each to make them able to part take in battle on their own.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]With the additional number of ships more tasks can be undertaken and the lucky outcome of the Algiers Expedition fuels the desire to make a greater presence around the word.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Thus it is decided by the gehiemconceil to take a more active part in colonization. Of course the issue is to secure trade routes with the Far East but the need and wish to establish naval bases from which to secure those routes make for a more active colonial policy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A treaty is negotiated with the chief of the peoples of Bimbia in Cameroon to secure a trade post as well as a naval base for resupplying.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another naval base is negotiated with the chief of the Nama and established at Adolfsborg(Walvis Bay) in South West Africa to make possible the presence of the Danish-Norwegian navy at Cape Good Hope to secure the travel of merchantmen having crossed the Indian Ocean.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Nicobar Islands claimed by Denmark-Norway since 1756 is also made a base for the navy to secure the merchantmen travelling into the Indian Ocean from the South China Sea.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The new bath at Fredericksberg open to the wealthy. The opening is attended by Prince Christian, Sophia Albertina and Dr. Struensee.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And it was noted that the Prince was in a very pleasant mood during the opening. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The bath quickly reach the position as the place to be in and be seen at even if the relaxed atmosphere differed much from court and the crowd was naturally another.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Struensee's medical interest is also of the Queens interest and she have him relate to her the results of his and Abildgaard's experiments with cowpox inoculation. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At the Queens instigation Struensee inoculate the entire court with cowpox – at a fee of course; the man had to make an honest living. To advance it the first inoculated is the Queen herself and the young Princes. As all survive the inoculation without scars the ice is broken.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Queen also have him use his skills in the midwife work to the benefit of women at court. Soon she would herself have to rely on that too as the King lost interest in her but she wouldn't forsake the benefits of life![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At the peak of power Bernstorff, Saint-Germain and Schimmelmann, controlling the German Chancellery, Foreign Office, Ministry of War and Treasury demand the Government/Kings council that the Stavnsbaand (mild serfdom) be abolished! They have been the advocates of change in the agricultural production for half a decade and feel the time ripe now.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In compensation the peasants are to pay more taxes to the King and serve a final number of days a year to the local nobility but the nobility is encouraged to employ more workers to lessen the burden on the peasants. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]There are widespread resistance among the nobility on this issue as it is seen as the decline and ultimate end of nobility. But there are also supporters such as the Reventlow brothers who share the ideas and want to take it even further by implementing better education of the peasants.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]German peasants is encouraged to enter the Kingdom and its Duchies and County to augment the number of rural workers.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]To increase crops outcome the potato is advocated on poor soils.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The English increase in agricultural imports is what in the years to come really makes the abolishing to be regarded as a kind of prophetic decision.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The population of all the Kings lands begin an increase.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Conscription is introduced in the Kingdom of Denmark and the Duchies of Slesvig and Holstein as well as the County of Oldenburg. This had been fact in the Kingdom since 1763.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the lessons of the 1768-70 war was the need for enlarging the navy to be able to handle more tasks than just cruise the Baltic and keep the Swedes in check. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The need to keep a small squadron in Norway as well as being able to blockade Germans ports as well as patrolling the Baltic, watch the Swedes and take care of overseas commitments made it clear that a larger fleet was needed.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The battle fleet of ships of the line was found to be at a close to optimum at 33 but shouldn't be any less. If possible the number could be increased to 40 but this wasn't viewed as the immediate need.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The frigate class however needed enlargement to handle the many other tasks besides giving battle to enemy ships of the line. It was reckoned that an additional 15 frigates be built to meet needs. A programme was decided upon that would add the needed frigates within five years. The ships were to carry 40 guns each to make them able to part take in battle on their own.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]With the additional number of ships more tasks can be undertaken and the lucky outcome of the Algiers Expedition fuels the desire to make a greater presence around the word.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Thus it is decided by the gehiemconceil to take a more active part in colonization. Of course the issue is to secure trade routes with the Far East but the need and wish to establish naval bases from which to secure those routes make for a more active colonial policy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A treaty is negotiated with the chief of the peoples of Bimbia in Cameroon to secure a trade post as well as a naval base for resupplying.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another naval base is negotiated with the chief of the Nama and established at Adolfsborg(Walvis Bay) in South West Africa to make possible the presence of the Danish-Norwegian navy at Cape Good Hope to secure the travel of merchantmen having crossed the Indian Ocean.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Nicobar Islands claimed by Denmark-Norway since 1756 is also made a base for the navy to secure the merchantmen travelling into the Indian Ocean from the South China Sea.[/FONT]
Danish Walvis Bay? You rock
Given the increased colonial ambitions of Denmark-Norway, a Danish port on Madagascar would complete the chain of supply stations to the Indies. Diego-Suarez (Antsiranana) is probably already in French hands at this point, but it's a big island, and it would make sense for the Danes to set up a supply station at a place like OTL's Toliara (Baie St-Augustin)...
Given the increased colonial ambitions of Denmark-Norway, a Danish port on Madagascar would complete the chain of supply stations to the Indies. Diego-Suarez (Antsiranana) is probably already in French hands at this point, but it's a big island, and it would make sense for the Danes to set up a supply station at a place like OTL's Toliara (Baie St-Augustin)...
Danish Walvis Bay? You rock
Given the increased colonial ambitions of Denmark-Norway, a Danish port on Madagascar would complete the chain of supply stations to the Indies. Diego-Suarez (Antsiranana) is probably already in French hands at this point, but it's a big island, and it would make sense for the Danes to set up a supply station at a place like OTL's Toliara (Baie St-Augustin)...
Thanks!
I thought of finding a port on Madagascar but decided against it for not upsetting the French. One thing is beating the shit out of the Russians another offending the French.
Problem is most of the islands in the Indian Ocean is already taken at this point but this situation is going to be remedied at a later stage!
Thanks!
I thought of finding a port on Madagascar but decided against it for not upsetting the French. One thing is beating the shit out of the Russians another offending the French.
Problem is most of the islands in the Indian Ocean is already taken at this point but this situation is going to be remedied at a later stage!
madagascar is not thouroughly united yet but the Imerina are ascendant.... and generally not dominated by any European power...Ste. Marie Island off the nE coast could be negotiated with the local tribes.
and there is the piratical activities that could be curbed as an excuse... This probably results in a lot of Danish influence within the Imerina kingdom when it takes hold to balance the French and British. Maybe they remain truly and independent kingdom along the lines of Siam.
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Danish Walvis Bay? You rock
Given the increased colonial ambitions of Denmark-Norway, a Danish port on Madagascar would complete the chain of supply stations to the Indies. Diego-Suarez (Antsiranana) is probably already in French hands at this point, but it's a big island, and it would make sense for the Danes to set up a supply station at a place like OTL's Toliara (Baie St-Augustin)...
Thanks for the input guys - don't know what I've been looking at
There's definately going to be some naval base in Madagascar.
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A new kingdom of Poland-Lithuania[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]King Adolf Frederick of Sweden dies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]He is succeeded by his son Gustav 3. who in the past few years have been at the French Court watching the ways of an autocratic sovereign.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The King is mourned by the peoples but the nobility sitting securely on government shed few tears at the demise of a figurehead.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph tries to talk Elector Frederick Augustus 1. into exchanging Galizia for Lorraine and Bar. Frederick Augustus refuse negotiating the matter. He is effectively done as King of Poland-Lithuania.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Conscription is introduced in most of the Habsburg lands for peasants and low class citizens. The ongoing war in Galizia is taking its toil as is the resistance against the Prussians in Royal Prussia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Duke Carl of Courland is able to have the Sejm elect him as King of Poland-Lithuania. Being able to call upon his long dedicated struggle to keep Poland-Lithuania intact he is seen as the man to kick out the Germans.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But before he turns against the Germans he manages to have a new constitution written. The central point is the change from an elective to a hereditary monarchy. This change is seen as necessary to secure stability following the last wars in which Poland-Lithuania generally had been treated by a piece of real estate other nations could use for their own needs. And the articles of King Henry is abolished.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Even if all of this is duly passed by the Sejm in reality Duke Carl is dictating his terms to it and its members, having beaten the Polish-Lithuanian nobility into submission.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Challenged by both Austria and Prussia France however support King Carl as it view a strong Poland-Lithuania as the necessary eastern counter weigh to the major German powers. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At a conference in Paris Choisul in his last act of state have the Treaty of London 1770 rewritten![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Austria cede Galizia to Poland. Prussia cede Royal Prussia to Poland. Saxony cede Lorraine and Bar to France; both Duchies are returned to the German Empire. The trick is pulled off as both Austria and Prussia are told of the other coming to get them! And because of both being weary of the constant maintaining of troops in their Polish areas to secure some kind of order.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]France loses nothing, Poland-Lithuania gains all and is seen by France as a counter weigh to Prussia and Austria in the East. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Saxony is once again left in the cold even if having a relative on the Polish-Lithuanian throne is a sort of consolation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Denmark-Norway regains the trade control of Polish and Courland ports.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]This action of Choisul angered Britain. Not because of the undoing of the 1770 treaty but because of not being consulted in advance.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In Poland-Lithuania the Paris Treaty is widely celebrated as the lost lands are returned and the stature of King Carl is immense.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]If any was in doubt as to the future all now view it as a golden dawn.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Being part of this golden dawn Denmark-Norway would see to that Polish grain would be exported on its merchantmen to the market in Britain. Its shipowners would make good money on this trade and the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania gain a stable income.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]If only to secure its foreign relations Prussia is kept as another major importer of Polish grain.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]With Russia out of the picture and ravished by civil war, peasant rebellions and foreign incursions King Carl used his moment to secure his country.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the measures taken to ensure his popularity is the Danish inspired abolition of serfdom. Besides making the King immensely popular among his peasants it meant for better economy and more agricultural production as the peasants got the incentive to work to their benefit instead of having to work for a noble.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Truly the abolishing isn't a design by King Carl himself but his summoning of German and Scandinavian counsellors made for great changes along the lines of enlightened absolutism.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And the King himself did understand the positive gains of the changes even if he politically isn't at peace with them. But they do make him able to run the life of an absolute monarch; never doing a days work, hunting, dancing and attending banquets and all of it approved by his subjects who realize the positive changes.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another change is the army reforms carried out these years with the aid of Danish-Norwegian General Hans Henrik von Eickstedt. A fine cavalryman but true to most of the ideas of Saint-Germain and absolutely loyal he carries the Polish-Lithuanian army into the modern age instituting the changes already made to the Danish-Norwegian armies. Being the cavalryman he allows for substantial numbers of Polish cavalry in the new army but insistent on the massing of artillery and the infantry being the major arm as already proven by the Danes against the Prussians! And really you can't have a better recommandation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In France the downfall of Choisul is brought about by his conservative enemies. He had allowed Brittany to distance itself from the Kingdom, secured seats of corrupt judges in the Paris and Provincial Parlements, banished the Jesuits. All actions that had been approved by the philosophers but stung the conservative. He is replaced by the chancellor Maupeau whose rule is in stark contrast to the enlightened rule of Choisul.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As news of Choisul's fall reached Prussia Frederick 2. had his army once again occupy Royal Prussia. This of course triggered war with Poland-Lithuania and the German ports were promptly closed to Prussian shipping by the Danish-Norwegian navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The war were short lived however as Maupeau also viewed Poland-Lithuania as a French ally and demanded a settlement. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In the end Frederick 2. got Royal Prussia but not its ports! Britain had joined forces with France demanding entries to Poland via the Baltic. Supply from the area was still vital to the Royal Navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The great plague in Russia. Due to the bad times and widespread lawlessness tens if not hundreds of thousands dies. Fields were not tended to and cannibalism widespread![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]King Adolf Frederick of Sweden dies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]He is succeeded by his son Gustav 3. who in the past few years have been at the French Court watching the ways of an autocratic sovereign.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The King is mourned by the peoples but the nobility sitting securely on government shed few tears at the demise of a figurehead.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph tries to talk Elector Frederick Augustus 1. into exchanging Galizia for Lorraine and Bar. Frederick Augustus refuse negotiating the matter. He is effectively done as King of Poland-Lithuania.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Conscription is introduced in most of the Habsburg lands for peasants and low class citizens. The ongoing war in Galizia is taking its toil as is the resistance against the Prussians in Royal Prussia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Duke Carl of Courland is able to have the Sejm elect him as King of Poland-Lithuania. Being able to call upon his long dedicated struggle to keep Poland-Lithuania intact he is seen as the man to kick out the Germans.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But before he turns against the Germans he manages to have a new constitution written. The central point is the change from an elective to a hereditary monarchy. This change is seen as necessary to secure stability following the last wars in which Poland-Lithuania generally had been treated by a piece of real estate other nations could use for their own needs. And the articles of King Henry is abolished.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Even if all of this is duly passed by the Sejm in reality Duke Carl is dictating his terms to it and its members, having beaten the Polish-Lithuanian nobility into submission.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Challenged by both Austria and Prussia France however support King Carl as it view a strong Poland-Lithuania as the necessary eastern counter weigh to the major German powers. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]At a conference in Paris Choisul in his last act of state have the Treaty of London 1770 rewritten![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Austria cede Galizia to Poland. Prussia cede Royal Prussia to Poland. Saxony cede Lorraine and Bar to France; both Duchies are returned to the German Empire. The trick is pulled off as both Austria and Prussia are told of the other coming to get them! And because of both being weary of the constant maintaining of troops in their Polish areas to secure some kind of order.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]France loses nothing, Poland-Lithuania gains all and is seen by France as a counter weigh to Prussia and Austria in the East. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Saxony is once again left in the cold even if having a relative on the Polish-Lithuanian throne is a sort of consolation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Denmark-Norway regains the trade control of Polish and Courland ports.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]This action of Choisul angered Britain. Not because of the undoing of the 1770 treaty but because of not being consulted in advance.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In Poland-Lithuania the Paris Treaty is widely celebrated as the lost lands are returned and the stature of King Carl is immense.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]If any was in doubt as to the future all now view it as a golden dawn.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Being part of this golden dawn Denmark-Norway would see to that Polish grain would be exported on its merchantmen to the market in Britain. Its shipowners would make good money on this trade and the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania gain a stable income.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]If only to secure its foreign relations Prussia is kept as another major importer of Polish grain.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]With Russia out of the picture and ravished by civil war, peasant rebellions and foreign incursions King Carl used his moment to secure his country.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the measures taken to ensure his popularity is the Danish inspired abolition of serfdom. Besides making the King immensely popular among his peasants it meant for better economy and more agricultural production as the peasants got the incentive to work to their benefit instead of having to work for a noble.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Truly the abolishing isn't a design by King Carl himself but his summoning of German and Scandinavian counsellors made for great changes along the lines of enlightened absolutism.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And the King himself did understand the positive gains of the changes even if he politically isn't at peace with them. But they do make him able to run the life of an absolute monarch; never doing a days work, hunting, dancing and attending banquets and all of it approved by his subjects who realize the positive changes.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another change is the army reforms carried out these years with the aid of Danish-Norwegian General Hans Henrik von Eickstedt. A fine cavalryman but true to most of the ideas of Saint-Germain and absolutely loyal he carries the Polish-Lithuanian army into the modern age instituting the changes already made to the Danish-Norwegian armies. Being the cavalryman he allows for substantial numbers of Polish cavalry in the new army but insistent on the massing of artillery and the infantry being the major arm as already proven by the Danes against the Prussians! And really you can't have a better recommandation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In France the downfall of Choisul is brought about by his conservative enemies. He had allowed Brittany to distance itself from the Kingdom, secured seats of corrupt judges in the Paris and Provincial Parlements, banished the Jesuits. All actions that had been approved by the philosophers but stung the conservative. He is replaced by the chancellor Maupeau whose rule is in stark contrast to the enlightened rule of Choisul.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As news of Choisul's fall reached Prussia Frederick 2. had his army once again occupy Royal Prussia. This of course triggered war with Poland-Lithuania and the German ports were promptly closed to Prussian shipping by the Danish-Norwegian navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The war were short lived however as Maupeau also viewed Poland-Lithuania as a French ally and demanded a settlement. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In the end Frederick 2. got Royal Prussia but not its ports! Britain had joined forces with France demanding entries to Poland via the Baltic. Supply from the area was still vital to the Royal Navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The great plague in Russia. Due to the bad times and widespread lawlessness tens if not hundreds of thousands dies. Fields were not tended to and cannibalism widespread![/FONT]
Something went awry - edited version of last post:
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A new kingdom of Poland-Lithuania[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]King Adolf Frederick of Sweden dies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]He is succeeded by his son Gustav 3. who in the past few years have been at the French Court watching the ways of an autocratic sovereign.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The King is mourned by the peoples but the nobility sitting securely on government shed few tears at the demise of a figurehead.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph tries to talk Elector Frederick Augustus 1. into exchanging Galizia for Lorraine and Bar. Frederick Augustus refuse negotiating the matter. He is effectively done as King of Poland-Lithuania.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Conscription is introduced in most of the Habsburg lands for peasants and low class citizens. The ongoing war in Galizia is taking its toil as is the resistance against the Prussians in Royal Prussia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Duke Carl of Courland is able to have the Sejm elect him as King of Poland-Lithuania. Being able to call upon his long dedicated struggle to keep Poland-Lithuania intact he is seen as the man to kick out the Germans.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But before he turns against the Germans he manages to have a new constitution written. The central point is the change from an elective to a hereditary monarchy. This change is seen as necessary to secure stability following the last wars in which Poland-Lithuania generally had been treated by a piece of real estate other nations could use for their own needs. And the articles of King Henry is abolished.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Even if all of this is duly passed by the Sejm in reality Duke Carl is dictating his terms to it and its members, having beaten the Polish-Lithuanian nobility into submission.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Denmark-Norway would see to that Polish grain would be exported on its merchantmen to the market in Britain. Its shipowners would make good money on this trade and the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania gain a stable income.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]If only to secure its foreign relations Prussia is kept as another major importer of Polish grain.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]With Russia out of the picture and ravished by civil war, peasant rebellions and foreign incursions King Carl used his moment to secure his country.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the measures taken to ensure his popularity is the Danish inspired abolition of serfdom. Besides making the King immensely popular among his peasants it meant for better economy and more agricultural production as the peasants got the incentive to work to their benefit instead of having to work for a noble.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Truly the abolishing isn't a design by King Carl himself but his summoning of German and Scandinavian counsellors made for great changes along the lines of enlightened absolutism.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And the King himself did understand the positive gains of the changes even if he politically isn't at peace with them. But they do make him able to run the life of an absolute monarch; never doing a days work, hunting, dancing and attending banquets and all of it approved by his subjects who realize the positive changes.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another change is the army reforms carried out these years with the aid of Danish-Norwegian General Hans Henrik von Eickstedt. A fine cavalryman but true to most of the ideas of Saint-Germain and absolutely loyal he carries the Polish-Lithuanian army into the modern age instituting the changes already made to the Danish-Norwegian armies. Being the cavalryman he allows for substantial numbers of Polish cavalry in the new army but insistent on the massing of artillery and the infantry being the major arm as already proven by the Danes against the Prussians! And really you can't have a better recommandation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In France the downfall of Choisul is brought about by his conservative enemies. He had allowed Brittany to distance itself from the Kingdom, secured seats of corrupt judges in the Paris and Provincial Parlements, banished the Jesuits. All actions that had been approved by the philosophers but stung the conservative. He is replaced by the chancellor Maupeau whose rule is in stark contrast to the enlightened rule of Choisul.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As news of Choisul's fall reached Prussia Frederick 2. had his army once again occupy Royal Prussia. This of course triggered war with Poland-Lithuania and the German ports were promptly closed to Prussian shipping by the Danish-Norwegian navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The war were short lived however as Maupeau also viewed Poland-Lithuania as a French ally and demanded a settlement. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In the end Frederick 2. got Royal Prussia but not its ports! Britain had joined forces with France demanding entries to Poland via the Baltic. Supply from the area was still vital to the Royal Navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The great plague in Russia. Due to the bad times and widespread lawlessness tens if not hundreds of thousands dies. Fields were not tended to and cannibalism widespread![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A new kingdom of Poland-Lithuania[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]King Adolf Frederick of Sweden dies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]He is succeeded by his son Gustav 3. who in the past few years have been at the French Court watching the ways of an autocratic sovereign.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The King is mourned by the peoples but the nobility sitting securely on government shed few tears at the demise of a figurehead.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph tries to talk Elector Frederick Augustus 1. into exchanging Galizia for Lorraine and Bar. Frederick Augustus refuse negotiating the matter. He is effectively done as King of Poland-Lithuania.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Conscription is introduced in most of the Habsburg lands for peasants and low class citizens. The ongoing war in Galizia is taking its toil as is the resistance against the Prussians in Royal Prussia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Duke Carl of Courland is able to have the Sejm elect him as King of Poland-Lithuania. Being able to call upon his long dedicated struggle to keep Poland-Lithuania intact he is seen as the man to kick out the Germans.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But before he turns against the Germans he manages to have a new constitution written. The central point is the change from an elective to a hereditary monarchy. This change is seen as necessary to secure stability following the last wars in which Poland-Lithuania generally had been treated by a piece of real estate other nations could use for their own needs. And the articles of King Henry is abolished.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Even if all of this is duly passed by the Sejm in reality Duke Carl is dictating his terms to it and its members, having beaten the Polish-Lithuanian nobility into submission.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Denmark-Norway would see to that Polish grain would be exported on its merchantmen to the market in Britain. Its shipowners would make good money on this trade and the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania gain a stable income.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]If only to secure its foreign relations Prussia is kept as another major importer of Polish grain.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]With Russia out of the picture and ravished by civil war, peasant rebellions and foreign incursions King Carl used his moment to secure his country.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the measures taken to ensure his popularity is the Danish inspired abolition of serfdom. Besides making the King immensely popular among his peasants it meant for better economy and more agricultural production as the peasants got the incentive to work to their benefit instead of having to work for a noble.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Truly the abolishing isn't a design by King Carl himself but his summoning of German and Scandinavian counsellors made for great changes along the lines of enlightened absolutism.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And the King himself did understand the positive gains of the changes even if he politically isn't at peace with them. But they do make him able to run the life of an absolute monarch; never doing a days work, hunting, dancing and attending banquets and all of it approved by his subjects who realize the positive changes.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another change is the army reforms carried out these years with the aid of Danish-Norwegian General Hans Henrik von Eickstedt. A fine cavalryman but true to most of the ideas of Saint-Germain and absolutely loyal he carries the Polish-Lithuanian army into the modern age instituting the changes already made to the Danish-Norwegian armies. Being the cavalryman he allows for substantial numbers of Polish cavalry in the new army but insistent on the massing of artillery and the infantry being the major arm as already proven by the Danes against the Prussians! And really you can't have a better recommandation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In France the downfall of Choisul is brought about by his conservative enemies. He had allowed Brittany to distance itself from the Kingdom, secured seats of corrupt judges in the Paris and Provincial Parlements, banished the Jesuits. All actions that had been approved by the philosophers but stung the conservative. He is replaced by the chancellor Maupeau whose rule is in stark contrast to the enlightened rule of Choisul.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As news of Choisul's fall reached Prussia Frederick 2. had his army once again occupy Royal Prussia. This of course triggered war with Poland-Lithuania and the German ports were promptly closed to Prussian shipping by the Danish-Norwegian navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The war were short lived however as Maupeau also viewed Poland-Lithuania as a French ally and demanded a settlement. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In the end Frederick 2. got Royal Prussia but not its ports! Britain had joined forces with France demanding entries to Poland via the Baltic. Supply from the area was still vital to the Royal Navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The great plague in Russia. Due to the bad times and widespread lawlessness tens if not hundreds of thousands dies. Fields were not tended to and cannibalism widespread![/FONT]
Last post wasn't edited properly.
Have given it a run through - looks like this now:
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A new kingdom of Poland-Lithuania[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]King Adolf Frederick of Sweden dies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]He is succeeded by his son Gustav 3. who in the past few years have been at the French Court watching the ways of an autocratic sovereign.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The King is mourned by the peoples but the nobility sitting securely on government shed few tears at the demise of a figurehead.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph tries to talk Elector Frederick Augustus 1. into exchanging Galizia for Lorraine and Bar. Frederick Augustus refuse negotiating the matter. He is effectively done as King of Poland-Lithuania.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Conscription is introduced in most of the Habsburg lands for peasants and low class citizens. The ongoing war in Galizia is taking its toil as is the resistance against the Prussians in Royal Prussia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Due to the revolution in Poland France occupies Lorraine and Bar claiming that the Elector of Saxony have forfeit his throne and thus no longer have the right to rule the Duchies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Frederick Augustus protest the French action but can do nothing as he receive no support of the great German powers.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Choisul even threaten occupation of Saxon Württemberg if the protest aren't recanted. At this Frederick Augustus is silenced.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Duke Carl of Courland is able to have the Sejm elect him as King of Poland-Lithuania. Being able to call upon his long dedicated struggle to keep Poland-Lithuania intact he is seen as the man to kick out the Germans.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But before he turns against the Germans he manages to have a new constitution written. The central point is the change from an elective to a hereditary monarchy. This change is seen as necessary to secure stability following the last wars in which Poland-Lithuania generally had been treated by a piece of real estate other nations could use for their own needs. And the articles of King Henry is abolished.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Even if all of this is duly passed by the Sejm in reality Duke Carl is dictating his terms to it and its members, having beaten the Polish-Lithuanian nobility into submission.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Denmark-Norway would see to that Polish grain would be exported on its merchantmen to the market in Britain. Its shipowners would make good money on this trade and the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania gain a stable income.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]If only to secure its foreign relations Prussia is kept as another major importer of Polish grain.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]With Russia out of the picture and ravished by civil war, peasant rebellions and foreign incursions King Carl used his moment to secure his country.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the measures taken to ensure his popularity is the Danish inspired abolition of serfdom. Besides making the King immensely popular among his peasants it meant for better economy and more agricultural production as the peasants got the incentive to work to their benefit instead of having to work for a noble.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Truly the abolishing isn't a design by King Carl himself but his summoning of German and Scandinavian counsellors made for great changes along the lines of enlightened absolutism.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And the King himself did understand the positive gains of the changes even if he politically isn't at peace with them. But they do make him able to run the life of an absolute monarch; never doing a days work, hunting, dancing and attending banquets and all of it approved by his subjects who realize the positive changes.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another change is the army reforms carried out these years with the aid of Danish-Norwegian General Hans Henrik von Eickstedt. A fine cavalryman but true to most of the ideas of Saint-Germain and absolutely loyal he carries the Polish-Lithuanian army into the modern age instituting the changes already made to the Danish-Norwegian armies. Being the cavalryman he allows for substantial numbers of Polish cavalry in the new army but insistent on the massing of artillery and the infantry being the major arm as already proven by the Danes against the Prussians! And really you can't have a better recommandation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In France the downfall of Choisul is brought about by his conservative enemies. He had allowed Brittany to distance itself from the Kingdom, secured seats of corrupt judges in the Paris and Provincial Parlements, banished the Jesuits. All actions that had been approved by the philosophers but stung the conservative. He is replaced by the chancellor Maupeau whose rule is in stark contrast to the enlightened rule of Choisul.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As news of Choisul's fall reached Prussia Frederick 2. had his army once again occupy Royal Prussia. This of course triggered war with Poland-Lithuania and the German ports were promptly closed to Prussian shipping by the Danish-Norwegian navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The war were short lived however as Maupeau also viewed Poland-Lithuania as a French ally and demanded a settlement. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In the end Frederick 2. got Royal Prussia but not its ports! Britain had joined forces with France demanding entries to Poland via the Baltic. Supply from the area was still vital to the Royal Navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The great plague in Russia. Due to the bad times and widespread lawlessness tens if not hundreds of thousands dies. Fields were not tended to and cannibalism widespread![/FONT]
Have given it a run through - looks like this now:
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]A new kingdom of Poland-Lithuania[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]King Adolf Frederick of Sweden dies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]He is succeeded by his son Gustav 3. who in the past few years have been at the French Court watching the ways of an autocratic sovereign.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The King is mourned by the peoples but the nobility sitting securely on government shed few tears at the demise of a figurehead.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Emperor Joseph tries to talk Elector Frederick Augustus 1. into exchanging Galizia for Lorraine and Bar. Frederick Augustus refuse negotiating the matter. He is effectively done as King of Poland-Lithuania.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Conscription is introduced in most of the Habsburg lands for peasants and low class citizens. The ongoing war in Galizia is taking its toil as is the resistance against the Prussians in Royal Prussia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Due to the revolution in Poland France occupies Lorraine and Bar claiming that the Elector of Saxony have forfeit his throne and thus no longer have the right to rule the Duchies.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Frederick Augustus protest the French action but can do nothing as he receive no support of the great German powers.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Choisul even threaten occupation of Saxon Württemberg if the protest aren't recanted. At this Frederick Augustus is silenced.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Duke Carl of Courland is able to have the Sejm elect him as King of Poland-Lithuania. Being able to call upon his long dedicated struggle to keep Poland-Lithuania intact he is seen as the man to kick out the Germans.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But before he turns against the Germans he manages to have a new constitution written. The central point is the change from an elective to a hereditary monarchy. This change is seen as necessary to secure stability following the last wars in which Poland-Lithuania generally had been treated by a piece of real estate other nations could use for their own needs. And the articles of King Henry is abolished.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Even if all of this is duly passed by the Sejm in reality Duke Carl is dictating his terms to it and its members, having beaten the Polish-Lithuanian nobility into submission.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Denmark-Norway would see to that Polish grain would be exported on its merchantmen to the market in Britain. Its shipowners would make good money on this trade and the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania gain a stable income.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]If only to secure its foreign relations Prussia is kept as another major importer of Polish grain.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]With Russia out of the picture and ravished by civil war, peasant rebellions and foreign incursions King Carl used his moment to secure his country.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the measures taken to ensure his popularity is the Danish inspired abolition of serfdom. Besides making the King immensely popular among his peasants it meant for better economy and more agricultural production as the peasants got the incentive to work to their benefit instead of having to work for a noble.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Truly the abolishing isn't a design by King Carl himself but his summoning of German and Scandinavian counsellors made for great changes along the lines of enlightened absolutism.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And the King himself did understand the positive gains of the changes even if he politically isn't at peace with them. But they do make him able to run the life of an absolute monarch; never doing a days work, hunting, dancing and attending banquets and all of it approved by his subjects who realize the positive changes.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another change is the army reforms carried out these years with the aid of Danish-Norwegian General Hans Henrik von Eickstedt. A fine cavalryman but true to most of the ideas of Saint-Germain and absolutely loyal he carries the Polish-Lithuanian army into the modern age instituting the changes already made to the Danish-Norwegian armies. Being the cavalryman he allows for substantial numbers of Polish cavalry in the new army but insistent on the massing of artillery and the infantry being the major arm as already proven by the Danes against the Prussians! And really you can't have a better recommandation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In France the downfall of Choisul is brought about by his conservative enemies. He had allowed Brittany to distance itself from the Kingdom, secured seats of corrupt judges in the Paris and Provincial Parlements, banished the Jesuits. All actions that had been approved by the philosophers but stung the conservative. He is replaced by the chancellor Maupeau whose rule is in stark contrast to the enlightened rule of Choisul.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As news of Choisul's fall reached Prussia Frederick 2. had his army once again occupy Royal Prussia. This of course triggered war with Poland-Lithuania and the German ports were promptly closed to Prussian shipping by the Danish-Norwegian navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The war were short lived however as Maupeau also viewed Poland-Lithuania as a French ally and demanded a settlement. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In the end Frederick 2. got Royal Prussia but not its ports! Britain had joined forces with France demanding entries to Poland via the Baltic. Supply from the area was still vital to the Royal Navy.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The great plague in Russia. Due to the bad times and widespread lawlessness tens if not hundreds of thousands dies. Fields were not tended to and cannibalism widespread![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]1772 Denmark to the Ejder![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Danish Chancellery works on the incorporation of the Duchy of Slesvig within the Kingdom of Denmark.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the possibilities is to abolish the Duchy and divide it into several “Amts”/counties which would surely serve to take away power from the Ritterschaft and make the King able to name Amtmen (county administrator) according to his wish.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another would be to let it remain a Duchy true to tradition – and certainly the Kings wish – but it would leave it as a kind of statelet within a state. The possibility of breaking it away from Denmark would always be there and the southern border would remain a security issue.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Also incorporating the Duchy within the Kingdom would mean abolishing the office of Statholder of Schleswig-Holstein but the answer to this would be building a new office of Statholder of Holstein and Mecklenburg-Schwerin.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Henrik Stampe the general procurator is in charge of effecting the incorporation and strongly advise the King to opt for abolishing the Duchy. At the critical moment he fails due to his frail health but the work is completed by his most able assistant Peter Uldall whose arguments win over Bernstorff and Saint-Germain.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Duchy of Schleswig is abolished; its instead divided into the Amts of Haderslev, Aabenraa, Frisland (the west coast), Angeln (Flensburg), Soenderborg, Slesvig and Eiderstedt.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Encouraged by the actions of Bernstorff, Saint-Germain and Schimmelmann the year before Struensee in his magazine “On advancement of science, arts, taste and vices” advocates the right of authors to publish anything they want as long as the publisher can stand a trial of responsibilities. Much to his surprise Bernstorff isn't against the proposition as long as the author/publisher doesn't smear religion (the Protestant version of course), royalty or print slander. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Censure isn't withdrawn as the initial published works hardly follow the outline of Bernstorff.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But those able to stick to approved guidance find they are able to publish without impediment.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Henrik Gerner is named factory master at the Naval Base of Holmen, Copenhagen and supervise the building of ships for the Danish-Norwegian navy for the next 15 years . Among these 15 forty gun frigates delivered in the years 1773-78.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Norwegian satiric, playwright and poet Johan Herman Wessel, nephew of Danish-Norwegian Naval hero Tordenskiold publish his play “Love without stockings”. He's been a resident of Copenhagen since 1761 and a member of the Norwegian Society a poets club cultivating Norwegian identity. Wessel also write a work of time travel “Anno 7603”, where a man and a woman is magically transferred into a society in which the sexual roles are reversed.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]P.F. Suhm have his “On Odin the Pagan religion and its services in the North” published. It makes for an interest in Norse mythology and gives rise to a separate poetry.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Danish Chancellery works on the incorporation of the Duchy of Slesvig within the Kingdom of Denmark.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One of the possibilities is to abolish the Duchy and divide it into several “Amts”/counties which would surely serve to take away power from the Ritterschaft and make the King able to name Amtmen (county administrator) according to his wish.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another would be to let it remain a Duchy true to tradition – and certainly the Kings wish – but it would leave it as a kind of statelet within a state. The possibility of breaking it away from Denmark would always be there and the southern border would remain a security issue.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Also incorporating the Duchy within the Kingdom would mean abolishing the office of Statholder of Schleswig-Holstein but the answer to this would be building a new office of Statholder of Holstein and Mecklenburg-Schwerin.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Henrik Stampe the general procurator is in charge of effecting the incorporation and strongly advise the King to opt for abolishing the Duchy. At the critical moment he fails due to his frail health but the work is completed by his most able assistant Peter Uldall whose arguments win over Bernstorff and Saint-Germain.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Duchy of Schleswig is abolished; its instead divided into the Amts of Haderslev, Aabenraa, Frisland (the west coast), Angeln (Flensburg), Soenderborg, Slesvig and Eiderstedt.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Encouraged by the actions of Bernstorff, Saint-Germain and Schimmelmann the year before Struensee in his magazine “On advancement of science, arts, taste and vices” advocates the right of authors to publish anything they want as long as the publisher can stand a trial of responsibilities. Much to his surprise Bernstorff isn't against the proposition as long as the author/publisher doesn't smear religion (the Protestant version of course), royalty or print slander. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Censure isn't withdrawn as the initial published works hardly follow the outline of Bernstorff.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]But those able to stick to approved guidance find they are able to publish without impediment.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Henrik Gerner is named factory master at the Naval Base of Holmen, Copenhagen and supervise the building of ships for the Danish-Norwegian navy for the next 15 years . Among these 15 forty gun frigates delivered in the years 1773-78.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Norwegian satiric, playwright and poet Johan Herman Wessel, nephew of Danish-Norwegian Naval hero Tordenskiold publish his play “Love without stockings”. He's been a resident of Copenhagen since 1761 and a member of the Norwegian Society a poets club cultivating Norwegian identity. Wessel also write a work of time travel “Anno 7603”, where a man and a woman is magically transferred into a society in which the sexual roles are reversed.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]P.F. Suhm have his “On Odin the Pagan religion and its services in the North” published. It makes for an interest in Norse mythology and gives rise to a separate poetry.[/FONT]
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[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Royal coup[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Gustav 3 and his brothers Charles and Frederick Adolf tries a coup designed to install Gustav as an autocratic ruler. The coup is very amateurish and is foiled in the opening stages. The Kings move does enjoy strong popular support but the government and army quickly regain control of the situation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Gustav and queen Sophia Magdalena are shipped off to Denmark where they are allowed to settle.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Charles is deported to Finland and Frederick Adolf is elected King of Sweden, Duke of Finland, Estonia and Livonia by the government.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The royal attempt at coup is countered in Denmark and Norway by calling up reserves and mobilizing the Navy. A squadron of 16 ships of the line and frigates are sent into the Baltic to counter any Swedish designs. A smaller squadron of frigates is sent off to secure communications with Norway.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In Norway Landgrave Carl order the new army to be placed on the border to support the fortresses. The frigate squadron operating in Skagerrak and Kattegat is formally placed in command of Landgrave Carl.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Swedish government is offered Danish troops to counter the royal coup by Bernstorff. The offer is turned down as the government is afraid of direct Danish involvement. It does strengthen the governments resolve to uphold the constitution and arrest the royal leaders.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As the crisis is defused the troops are demobilized. A few ships of the frigate squadron is kept on station in Norway until the fall demobilizing at Copenhagen.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Frederick Adolf is very close to Sophia Albertina and this relationship is a boost in the years to follow as Frederick Adolf often visit Sophia Albertina or the other way round.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Named the most beautiful prince of Europe the Swedish government begin looking for a suitable match for Frederick Adolf.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Among those concerned are Caroline Matilda of Britain, Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, Louise of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg and Ernestine Frederikke Sophia of Saxony-Hildburghausen. The last is only 12 years old and would not be eligible for marriage for a couple of years.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Envoys are sent off to the various courts the most important considered Britain but the others would also make for suitable matches.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Swedish General Augustin Ehrensvärd hero of the 1765-70 War with Russia dies of pneumonia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]His last operation the invasion of Lithuania north of the Dvina is scheduled to be carried out this year but the intervention by Denmark-Norway bars the Swedish adventure.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]His plans for fortifying Vyborg and Kexholm is made real as is the Galley squadron on the Lake Ladoga based at Kexholm.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another Swedish plan of occupation of Far Karelia and Kola Peninsular is called off due to the royal coup.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The emancipation of the Polish-Lithuanian serfs made for some problems as the free peasants often saw themselves as being economic slaves of the nobility but now being free.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The economic situation of many peasants made for a number of rebellions that had to be put down with force. But the rebellions also served to make for reforms as the nobility had put the prices on the farms the peasants were to own much too high ensuring their continued residence.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As in Denmark-Norway (the Empire not Norway where the peasants are free) the tying of peasants to the will of the nobility is seen as a detriment to the reform of the army as the peasants are to fill the file and thus mobility of peasants needed.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another issue of King Carl is his marriage to Franziska von Corvin-Krasinska which is morganatic. To secure a legal heir the marriage needed recognition.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Gustav 3 and his brothers Charles and Frederick Adolf tries a coup designed to install Gustav as an autocratic ruler. The coup is very amateurish and is foiled in the opening stages. The Kings move does enjoy strong popular support but the government and army quickly regain control of the situation.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Gustav and queen Sophia Magdalena are shipped off to Denmark where they are allowed to settle.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Charles is deported to Finland and Frederick Adolf is elected King of Sweden, Duke of Finland, Estonia and Livonia by the government.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The royal attempt at coup is countered in Denmark and Norway by calling up reserves and mobilizing the Navy. A squadron of 16 ships of the line and frigates are sent into the Baltic to counter any Swedish designs. A smaller squadron of frigates is sent off to secure communications with Norway.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]In Norway Landgrave Carl order the new army to be placed on the border to support the fortresses. The frigate squadron operating in Skagerrak and Kattegat is formally placed in command of Landgrave Carl.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Swedish government is offered Danish troops to counter the royal coup by Bernstorff. The offer is turned down as the government is afraid of direct Danish involvement. It does strengthen the governments resolve to uphold the constitution and arrest the royal leaders.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As the crisis is defused the troops are demobilized. A few ships of the frigate squadron is kept on station in Norway until the fall demobilizing at Copenhagen.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Frederick Adolf is very close to Sophia Albertina and this relationship is a boost in the years to follow as Frederick Adolf often visit Sophia Albertina or the other way round.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Named the most beautiful prince of Europe the Swedish government begin looking for a suitable match for Frederick Adolf.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Among those concerned are Caroline Matilda of Britain, Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, Louise of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg and Ernestine Frederikke Sophia of Saxony-Hildburghausen. The last is only 12 years old and would not be eligible for marriage for a couple of years.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Envoys are sent off to the various courts the most important considered Britain but the others would also make for suitable matches.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Swedish General Augustin Ehrensvärd hero of the 1765-70 War with Russia dies of pneumonia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]His last operation the invasion of Lithuania north of the Dvina is scheduled to be carried out this year but the intervention by Denmark-Norway bars the Swedish adventure.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]His plans for fortifying Vyborg and Kexholm is made real as is the Galley squadron on the Lake Ladoga based at Kexholm.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another Swedish plan of occupation of Far Karelia and Kola Peninsular is called off due to the royal coup.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The emancipation of the Polish-Lithuanian serfs made for some problems as the free peasants often saw themselves as being economic slaves of the nobility but now being free.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The economic situation of many peasants made for a number of rebellions that had to be put down with force. But the rebellions also served to make for reforms as the nobility had put the prices on the farms the peasants were to own much too high ensuring their continued residence.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As in Denmark-Norway (the Empire not Norway where the peasants are free) the tying of peasants to the will of the nobility is seen as a detriment to the reform of the army as the peasants are to fill the file and thus mobility of peasants needed.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Another issue of King Carl is his marriage to Franziska von Corvin-Krasinska which is morganatic. To secure a legal heir the marriage needed recognition.[/FONT]
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[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]1773 Gods judgement[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The effect of inoculation with cowpox was clear to everybody. A large group of court officials had their household and some among these like Bernstorff even their peasants inoculated. The advantage was obvious; a healthy peasant is a working peasant![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Norwegian born Christian Colbjoernsen is allowed to serve at the bar of the Supreme Court of Denmark. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Kurantbank of 1736 is placed in national control as is its issuing of paper money bills.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Peter Smed (Smith) was frustrated about his life. His wife had left him for some German guy claiming Peter not being a man as their marriage hadn't produced any off spring. He wanted kids but an accident some years before had scarred his face to the extend of scaring girls and women away and business was generally bad. He called upon God in his misery but apparently God didn't hear his pleas. So Peter was depressed and began drinking.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]This having been the state of affairs for some years Peter feeling very miserable in the winter. He thought about killing himself but that would bring down shame on him and he wouldn't be allowed burial in consecrated ground.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One day he was ushered out of Copenhagen to the gallows hill to watch an execution of a murderer.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As the convict appeared he looked quite happy and so did the accompanying priest. Arriving at the gallows the convict declared his repentance and love of God that was soon to receive him at heavens gate! The priest declared that repentance had secured God forgiving the convict and opened the gate of heaven. Now the secular authorities would do their job so that the punishment of society and King in the name of God be done.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The executioner then had the man kneel and beheaded him with a sword. Peter Smed remained at the place until everybody else had left and saw the executioners men take the body and head and had it over to the family of the convict. The body was then taken to the cemetery for burial.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The whole scene made an impression on Peter in his disillusioned mind. He well knew that overdoing a killing like the man that had murdered a family and then burned down the house to cloak the deed had been thoroughly punished by being pinched with glowing pincher's then had his hand cut off and then beheaded by axe and buried in the gallows hill.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Soldiers would risk having their legs and arms crushed by the wheel before being being put on a stake – if lucky they would be beheaded before put at the stake. If not, well death would be slow but sure. At times the convicts would make too much noise at the stake and the King be asked to let the man be strangled.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As Peter went home a plan formed in his head. He would not commit suicide but make the state kill him in the name of God by the sword. That way he would not be an outcast not to be buried in consecrated ground. He had no family per se at least not in Copenhagen but somebody would surely take care of his burial. Of course he would not kill somebody that would risk not going to heaven because of some kind of sin, so it couldn't be an adult. He would have to kill a child. Children are innocent and thus secured the access to heaven![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Determined to bring his plan to fulfilment Peter that evening found a young lad whom he killed with a knife and threw into the harbour. He made sure somebody watched him dump the body and the next morning he was apprehended by the magistrates men. Taken into custody he was questioned by the magistrate and then given time to confess his misdeeds. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Reviewing the proceedings the magistrate and priest soon agreed to that Peter Smed had killed the boy to himself being killed avoid committing suicide. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Something harsh had to be done to set an example and Peter was sentenced the be taken on a carriage around Copenhagen; during this he would be pinched with glowing pincher's three times; arriving at gallows hill he would be subjected to having his legs and arms crushed by the wheel before being beheaded by axe and buried at gallows hill.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Oddly the news elated Peter though he had expected to be beheaded by sword which he duly complained! The verdict was not to be recanted an example had to be set to discourage others from repeating his deed.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And so it came to be. Peter Smed was executed even with a smile on his face confident in his belief that God ultimately would open heavens gate to him. God did love him as he had repented and the priest had told him that he would now indeed go to heaven.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Several years would pass before barrister Henrik Stampe arguing that these peoples should not be killed by the state but flocked and put to the dirtiest jobs possible. When finally passing away their bodies would be put to the stake. That would take care of the problem.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Jesuit order is dissolved by Papal declaration.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Clad as Indians colonist's board three ships in the Boston harbour throwing the tea into the harbour.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]British troops occupies Boston in reprisal.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The office of Governor General is created in India. By the Regulating Act is the British East India Company put under Parliamentary control.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The effect of inoculation with cowpox was clear to everybody. A large group of court officials had their household and some among these like Bernstorff even their peasants inoculated. The advantage was obvious; a healthy peasant is a working peasant![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Norwegian born Christian Colbjoernsen is allowed to serve at the bar of the Supreme Court of Denmark. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Kurantbank of 1736 is placed in national control as is its issuing of paper money bills.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Peter Smed (Smith) was frustrated about his life. His wife had left him for some German guy claiming Peter not being a man as their marriage hadn't produced any off spring. He wanted kids but an accident some years before had scarred his face to the extend of scaring girls and women away and business was generally bad. He called upon God in his misery but apparently God didn't hear his pleas. So Peter was depressed and began drinking.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]This having been the state of affairs for some years Peter feeling very miserable in the winter. He thought about killing himself but that would bring down shame on him and he wouldn't be allowed burial in consecrated ground.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]One day he was ushered out of Copenhagen to the gallows hill to watch an execution of a murderer.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As the convict appeared he looked quite happy and so did the accompanying priest. Arriving at the gallows the convict declared his repentance and love of God that was soon to receive him at heavens gate! The priest declared that repentance had secured God forgiving the convict and opened the gate of heaven. Now the secular authorities would do their job so that the punishment of society and King in the name of God be done.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The executioner then had the man kneel and beheaded him with a sword. Peter Smed remained at the place until everybody else had left and saw the executioners men take the body and head and had it over to the family of the convict. The body was then taken to the cemetery for burial.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The whole scene made an impression on Peter in his disillusioned mind. He well knew that overdoing a killing like the man that had murdered a family and then burned down the house to cloak the deed had been thoroughly punished by being pinched with glowing pincher's then had his hand cut off and then beheaded by axe and buried in the gallows hill.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Soldiers would risk having their legs and arms crushed by the wheel before being being put on a stake – if lucky they would be beheaded before put at the stake. If not, well death would be slow but sure. At times the convicts would make too much noise at the stake and the King be asked to let the man be strangled.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]As Peter went home a plan formed in his head. He would not commit suicide but make the state kill him in the name of God by the sword. That way he would not be an outcast not to be buried in consecrated ground. He had no family per se at least not in Copenhagen but somebody would surely take care of his burial. Of course he would not kill somebody that would risk not going to heaven because of some kind of sin, so it couldn't be an adult. He would have to kill a child. Children are innocent and thus secured the access to heaven![/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Determined to bring his plan to fulfilment Peter that evening found a young lad whom he killed with a knife and threw into the harbour. He made sure somebody watched him dump the body and the next morning he was apprehended by the magistrates men. Taken into custody he was questioned by the magistrate and then given time to confess his misdeeds. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Reviewing the proceedings the magistrate and priest soon agreed to that Peter Smed had killed the boy to himself being killed avoid committing suicide. [/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Something harsh had to be done to set an example and Peter was sentenced the be taken on a carriage around Copenhagen; during this he would be pinched with glowing pincher's three times; arriving at gallows hill he would be subjected to having his legs and arms crushed by the wheel before being beheaded by axe and buried at gallows hill.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Oddly the news elated Peter though he had expected to be beheaded by sword which he duly complained! The verdict was not to be recanted an example had to be set to discourage others from repeating his deed.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]And so it came to be. Peter Smed was executed even with a smile on his face confident in his belief that God ultimately would open heavens gate to him. God did love him as he had repented and the priest had told him that he would now indeed go to heaven.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Several years would pass before barrister Henrik Stampe arguing that these peoples should not be killed by the state but flocked and put to the dirtiest jobs possible. When finally passing away their bodies would be put to the stake. That would take care of the problem.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The Jesuit order is dissolved by Papal declaration.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]Clad as Indians colonist's board three ships in the Boston harbour throwing the tea into the harbour.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]British troops occupies Boston in reprisal.[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana, sans-serif]The office of Governor General is created in India. By the Regulating Act is the British East India Company put under Parliamentary control.[/FONT]
Checked my sources and Diego-Suarez was French from the 1770s, the most agreed upon date for the transfer being 1776.