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Julian II Persicus
363: The Roman Army under Julian defeats the Sassanids below the walls of Ctesiphon. A Persian traitor opens the gate, allowing the Romans to enter the city after the Sassanids. The legions begin looting and massacring the inhabitants.
One week later, Shapur II and a large Persian army arrive to retake the city. Fighting again beneath the walls, Julian kills Shapur, taking the title of Persicus. The Sassanid army is routed, with many of the survivors fleeing east over the Zagros, where Ardashir II has been proclaimed Shahanshah.
Rather than hold it as a bargaining chip in an eventual peace with the Persians, Julian organizes the occupied territory of Mesopotamia into the province of Mesopotamia Superior, and appoints his cousin, Procopius, as governor. In the east, Ardashir gathers his forces to march on Ctesiphon.