Iould imagine serious tensions between the large group of estern European, conservative Jews (several million spread over all eastern European countries) and the groups of more liberal Jews in western Europe and north America. Overall, influence of the Jiddish communities will be much stronger.
Considering the middle East, I think there'll be a state encompassing OTL Palestine and Jordan, with large Jewish and christian communities. That state has a serious chance of being quite wealthy due to tourism and modernization brought by Jewish investors and immigrants. On the other side, Arab states have a very bad record economically. A corrupt local Baath-like regime is also quite likely.
Overall I would expect islamism to be less of a problem, in particular in those countries without oil. After all, Syria and that Palestine-Jordan state should be of minor interest in world politics and therefore not that affected by western interventions and repeated military defeats. So some of the reasons for radicalization are butterflied away - or rather to say, radicalization is aimed at the corrupt local elites, which to support the west has a lot less reason.