Islam replaces Judaism
I mean you can try but Judaism would persist underground for centuries and an even larger Mizrahim exodus would occur most likely
Maybe some - some - local Jews would convert, but as others said, Jews are spread out, and also persnickety. For example, a lot of Jews did convert to Christianity in the early days, in Judea and also places like Antioch and Alexandria (and probably in Cochin, in India!). But many also did not. There's also a long history of would-be messiahs like Bar Kochba and Shabtai Tzvi, some of which got large followings, but never captured all (or even most) Jews.
Historically, you do see Jews convert to Islam throughout Dar al-Islam (and even some in Christendom); you might be able to increase proportions by playing with the religion a little, but you're not going to see the religion die out due to conversion like this.
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Butterflies, butterflies everywhere!
While there's always (like, since the Second Diaspora at least) been a yearning to return to the Land of Israel in Judaism, the modern State of Israel owes itself to the rise of nationalism in Europe. That's over a millennium after the advent of Islam, so...
Europes Jews would be even more hated as they would be seen as not only Christ killers but in league with the infidels. Even those who hadn't converted would be seen like that, only perhaps worse as they could be viewed as hiding their conversion to the blasphemous creed of Mohammed. (I'm not intending to attack anyones faith here just describing a possible belief in these circumstances)
Not really. If Jews only existed in Europe and not in the Islamic world, then although they would still probably be seen as heretics in the Middle Ages, they would not be seen as having a connection to Islam. Spanish kingdoms, for example, would notice that Jews only exist north of border with al-Andalus, and that they had been completely eliminated south of it.
Actually Jews were not considered heretics in Christendom, heretics were those who were "Christian" in some sense but not adhering to the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church (or the Orthodox Church in the east). Jews were persecuted for denying Christ entirely, not for having a different interpretation of Christ. For example the Inquisition was not about "punishing" declared Jews, who in fact had been expelled from Spain and Portugal, but rather rooting out those "Catholics" who were "crypto-Jews", conversos who had falsely "converted" and were a risk as they would spread heretical behavior from within. In Islam, some what similarly, Jews were accepted, at least as second class citizens, however anyone who had converted and later renounced Islam (or was secretly practicing another faith) was subject to the death penalty. Of course in Islam you have the Sunni/Shi'a divide (and many minors ones), with both Shi'a and Sunni denouncing the other as heretical.
The issue with the Jews converting to Islam was that Judaism had declared the age of prophecy over. This meant, even before the issue of the divinity of Christ, Jews would not accept him as a major prophet. Similarly Muhammed was not acceptable as a prophet bringing a new revelation.
The issue with the Jews converting to Islam was that Judaism had declared the age of prophecy over. This meant, even before the issue of the divinity of Christ, Jews would not accept him as a major prophet. Similarly Muhammed was not acceptable as a prophet bringing a new revelation.
What compromises does Muhammad make to woo the Jews? You may be setting up a situation where we have Jews, Muslims, and "Muhammad's Children", the first following per code, the third the mishmash compromise that neither of the other two quite trust and the Christians certainly would have no respect for since they are not Christian.
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