I think I understand what the OP is going for, the problem is as Highgarden pointed out, there were massive shifts in international opinion over this 85 year period. It's incredibly difficult to summarize in a short post, but a good place to start would be:
The Holy Alliance
The Dual Entente
The Triple Alliance
The Dreikaiserbund
You'll notice that all of these only cover the beginning and end of the period you asked about. This is because the middle section ~1848-1880 was dominated by wars in which two great powers grabbed their minor allies and fought it out effectively one-on-one (Franco-Prussian War, 1877 Russo-Turkish War etc.). Arguably the notable thing about this era was the failure of balancing coalitions to really form or function, until it became apparent that France vs. Germany was going to be the big future rivalry. The only real exception I can think of was the Crimean War.
So if the OP is asking with regards to some sort of proto-World War One alliances forming in an ATL, then it's really going to depend entirely on opinions at the time alliances formed. After all the UK and France were allies in Crimea (1853), nearly fought a war over the Fashoda Crisis (1898) then signed the Entente Cordiale in 1904. Likewise Germany and Russia were allies into the 1880s but enemies in 1892. So really it's a complicated time.
Not to ramble on forever, but the only other part I will address of the OP's post, is that the U.S.A. maintained no formal alliances with any European country during this time, preferring instead the policy behind the Monroe Doctrine.