Basically, how would an Integralist dictatorship rule Brazil? Who would be their core powerbases and political pillars of Integralist power structures? How will they do economics, foreign policy, and stuff. Things like that. And also, how long can it last? The PoD is not important, let's say Vargas did not become president and class tension pikes, giving bigger momentum to later Integralist movement to eventually take over.
Integralist Brazil: How would it look like?
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yourworstnightmare
Banned
Integralism is basically a form of proto- fascism. The name was used mainly in Portugal by the regime and in Brazil by a pseudo fascist movement.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integralism
Integralism was supported by Mussolini's fascist regime, so you can suppose Italy - thus the Axis - would be likely the greatest external allies. Their main enemy, at the time, was ANL (National Liberating Alliance), a coalition of left-winged forces gathered around the Communist Party, so you can guess the fascist-communist polarisation would take the lead on political terms. They would likely join forces with the Axis on World War Two (for context: Brazil's dictator Getulio Vargas actually sided with the Allies). Supposing the WWII timeline isn't changed, I guess the Integralist regime wouldn't last much longer than 1945, not unlikely after a foreign invasion.
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yourworstnightmare
Banned
Nah, they'd probably be like Spain, symphatize with the Axis, but not join the war.
I think Brazil would be too far from the Axis reach to support. Even Portugal couldn't fend off allied pressure to coerce them into helping allied war effort. Brazil would likely just stay out of the war instead committing BEF as per OTL.
How long Integralist regime can last though?
How long Integralist regime can last though?
I'm thinking in the same terms that made Brazil join the Allies: economic pressure. Italy financed the integralists, unlike the Franco regime, so unless the American support was of more advantage economically, I think they'd like to align with who gave them money. Always search the money!
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If Brazil managed to stay out of the war, there's a good possibility that the United States would act like in the 1964 military coup: pretending not to be involved but secretly financing and training those who were "able to keep the red danger away". So if the regime managed to keep popular and political support (I'm not sure they could), it could last decades.
If Brazil managed to stay out of the war, there's a good possibility that the United States would act like in the 1964 military coup: pretending not to be involved but secretly financing and training those who were "able to keep the red danger away". So if the regime managed to keep popular and political support (I'm not sure they could), it could last decades.
But they did indeed. Brazil offered bases, resources and soldiers to the Allies.
yourworstnightmare
Banned
And Brazil gained very little from that. OTL the Vargas regime did that for some browny point from the US and UK. The Axis won't really have anything to offer Brazil. A pro- Axis Brazil would probably just give vague promises, but not do anything idiotic like joining a war with no nearby allies able to help them defend themselves (unlike OTL when they joined the Allies because there were nothing to lose, with the Axis not having any capabilities to touch them).
From my knowledge of the time the integralists weren't exactly the sharpest knives in the drawer
but yes, you are right in that, they'd had much less to win siding with the Axis than Vargas had siding with the Allies.And if they could not?
Let's just throw the absence of any WW2 for maximum breathing space. How do you imagine they will last and then fall?
Then eventually a democratic movement could arise earlier according to the changing conditions. Brazil passed through two dictatorships over the 20th century and both ended peacefully, it's reasonable to suppose it could happen too in a different timeline.
I can answer Foreign policy. Interigalist Brazil would probably be anti-Portuguese and want more people to think of themselves as Brazilian, just as people in the U.S refer to themselves as American, not Anglo, or Germanic. They'd still love Portugal the mother country, but they'd be wanting to establish an identity for themselves. Brazil in South America would be very aggressive. They'd speak about nationalism, and probably be anti everyone that is Spanish, and all of their neighbours being Spanish, they'd feel like they'd need to defend against the Spanish. I can see that an Integralist Brazil would probably want to retake Uruguay and fill that former Brazilian land with non-Spanish Brazilians. Germanic, Italian, Portuguese, African, Indigenous, they'd all be united under Brazilian and Brazilian integralists would want to retake Uruguay.
INTERESTING POINT LISTEN UP
The Amazon Rainforest under Brazilian integralists would actually be pretty interesting. Instead, Brazilians would be split down the line about what to do. Should they cut it down, replace it with living space, and farmland, but get rid of the animals, and the beauty of the rainforest? Or should they leave it alone, and let Brazil only become a regional power, and not a global one. So instead they could reach a compromise. They'd cut down specific areas on the rainforest, to increase the Brazilian living space, and economy immensely, and then, they'd go to war with other nations who have part of the rainforest on their borders. ESPECIALLY IF THEY DO IT WHILE NO ONE IS LOOKING IN WW2! (Interesting, just wanted to point it out)
Look what I found here :v, very well.
The integralists would ban all parties, as they believe on what they called the "organic democracy", they saw parties as artificial creations that were made by the elites to divide the civil society and to control the government. The idea of the "organic democracy" is that every single candidate should be independent and thus this would garantee more neutrality on the elections. Of course based on their ideology that completely rejects liberalism and socialism in general, left wingers and liberals would be fully removed from the political camp.
It can last all the way into the 70s, this Brazil could also ally with Salazarist Portugal (they were really close ideologies, so much that Salazar was a supporter of the integralist party after WWII), and fight on the ultramar war.
The economy will be geared towards agriculture, they were corporativists like in Italy but they didn't believed that industrialization should be pushed since they saw the "life at the camp" as the "ideal" society, however after Salgado leaves the scene some other member can change that and push for industrialization.
The foreign policy would have been extremely anti american and isolationist, the only possibles partners are Portugal and post 1947 francoist spain, however Salgado had a plan for a latim american confederation to oppose the US influence in the area.
They would not ally with Italy, integralists hated italian fascism, there is a article publishied by Salgado in 1944 when the allied troops took over Rome with him commemorating that the city was taken from Mussolini hands, it was publishied on the book "The revolutionary ideology of Plínio Salgado". Italian fascism is modernist, and also secular while the integralists were hardcore traditionalists and supported a christian state, the integralists also crashed with Brazilian fascists at the time (Brazil had many fascist movements in the 1930s, the most famous was the "Legião Mineira", that even got a minister on Vargas cabinet before WWII, Francisco Campos).
Well, the integralist action was a republican movement, taken from their 1936 manifest:
"The government shall kept it's republican, federative and democratical form, just adding some minor modifications based on the corporative system."
HOWEVER,
There was a group allied to the integralists, the Imperial Patrionovista order, they were monarchists and many of the integralists were also part of this group, they wanted the return of the royal family, but the royal family refused to recognize them.
A curious fact is that during the integralist aborted coup in 1938, a member of the brazilian royal family, Dom João of Orleans and Bragança, took part on the coup. He was (in)famous for stealing a white ambulance and trying to crash into the gate of the palace of the catete with the stolen vehicle, just to be shot multiple times by the palace guards, he survived.
The integralists absolutely hated the USA, Salgado had the same mentality as Charles Maurras that the "civilized world" began to crumble after the american revolution, since it was the first time that a "bourgeious secular state" rose on earth. He saw the US as a octopous that was slowy corrupting all the latim america to adopt their capitalist views.
"Socialism unilaterally fails, resulting in poverty and death, killing your body. Capitalism on the other hand corrupts your soul and make you a slave to live just to consume and keep the system running." Is one of Salgado Quotes.
I really don't think so...
The main reason that both dictatorships failed is that they were estabilished as "provisory" dictatorships, both Getúlio Vargas new state and the military regime, as different they were from each other, wanted to be "transitory" regimes that would result on the restoration of the democracy on a near future.
Integralism however had the mentality that they should be there to stay indefinitively, there would be a massive indocrination in schools for the people to be raised with a integralist mindset, and there would be a constant cult for the ideology and the church. Apart from a massive economical crisis, a coup or a foreign invasion, the integralist Brazil can last indefinitively, and also support the portuguese on africa indefinitively.
The integralists would ban all parties, as they believe on what they called the "organic democracy", they saw parties as artificial creations that were made by the elites to divide the civil society and to control the government. The idea of the "organic democracy" is that every single candidate should be independent and thus this would garantee more neutrality on the elections. Of course based on their ideology that completely rejects liberalism and socialism in general, left wingers and liberals would be fully removed from the political camp.
It can last all the way into the 70s, this Brazil could also ally with Salazarist Portugal (they were really close ideologies, so much that Salazar was a supporter of the integralist party after WWII), and fight on the ultramar war.
The economy will be geared towards agriculture, they were corporativists like in Italy but they didn't believed that industrialization should be pushed since they saw the "life at the camp" as the "ideal" society, however after Salgado leaves the scene some other member can change that and push for industrialization.
The foreign policy would have been extremely anti american and isolationist, the only possibles partners are Portugal and post 1947 francoist spain, however Salgado had a plan for a latim american confederation to oppose the US influence in the area.
They would not ally with Italy, integralists hated italian fascism, there is a article publishied by Salgado in 1944 when the allied troops took over Rome with him commemorating that the city was taken from Mussolini hands, it was publishied on the book "The revolutionary ideology of Plínio Salgado". Italian fascism is modernist, and also secular while the integralists were hardcore traditionalists and supported a christian state, the integralists also crashed with Brazilian fascists at the time (Brazil had many fascist movements in the 1930s, the most famous was the "Legião Mineira", that even got a minister on Vargas cabinet before WWII, Francisco Campos).
Well, the integralist action was a republican movement, taken from their 1936 manifest:
"The government shall kept it's republican, federative and democratical form, just adding some minor modifications based on the corporative system."
HOWEVER,
There was a group allied to the integralists, the Imperial Patrionovista order, they were monarchists and many of the integralists were also part of this group, they wanted the return of the royal family, but the royal family refused to recognize them.
A curious fact is that during the integralist aborted coup in 1938, a member of the brazilian royal family, Dom João of Orleans and Bragança, took part on the coup. He was (in)famous for stealing a white ambulance and trying to crash into the gate of the palace of the catete with the stolen vehicle, just to be shot multiple times by the palace guards, he survived.
The integralists absolutely hated the USA, Salgado had the same mentality as Charles Maurras that the "civilized world" began to crumble after the american revolution, since it was the first time that a "bourgeious secular state" rose on earth. He saw the US as a octopous that was slowy corrupting all the latim america to adopt their capitalist views.
"Socialism unilaterally fails, resulting in poverty and death, killing your body. Capitalism on the other hand corrupts your soul and make you a slave to live just to consume and keep the system running." Is one of Salgado Quotes.
I really don't think so...
The main reason that both dictatorships failed is that they were estabilished as "provisory" dictatorships, both Getúlio Vargas new state and the military regime, as different they were from each other, wanted to be "transitory" regimes that would result on the restoration of the democracy on a near future.
Integralism however had the mentality that they should be there to stay indefinitively, there would be a massive indocrination in schools for the people to be raised with a integralist mindset, and there would be a constant cult for the ideology and the church. Apart from a massive economical crisis, a coup or a foreign invasion, the integralist Brazil can last indefinitively, and also support the portuguese on africa indefinitively.