Finish this Civil War (Japan September 1897- October 1897)
There had never been any great doubt in East Asia that the moment hostilities were declared, the two Shogunates of Japan would go to war with each other. The anger between the two rival nations had reached a level almost legendary and belligerent speeches were routinely exchanged between Kagoshima and Edo.
The Tokugawa Generals were very well-aware their economy was far less robust than their Satsuma opponents of course. It was also evident to any observer able to count that the navy of Southern Japan far outnumbered the Northern one. Once the hostilities began, Edo and the Emperor would have to rely on their own strategic reserves to win. Fortunately, their membership in the Central Alliance had allowed Shogun Tokugawa Mitsukune to augment the nitrate stocks along with the war resources but it would only delay the problem, not erase it. The Tokugawa Shogunate had to win quickly. This was why Operation Senkogu was going to destroy the rebels of the South in one offensive; a formidable thrust in the second week of the war accomplished by thirty of the best army divisions the daimyos had been able to train. The great attack would be carried on an axis Nagoya-Kyoto, therefore liberating the old capital of Japan before striking at the critical cities of Kobe and Osaka.
Long months of training were spent improving the mobilisation effort. When the time came, Edo High Command wanted the 1st Japan Army to face the peacetime divisions of the South, which according to their best agents were only numbering eight at the frontier.
On September 12 1897, the war everyone from Tsushima to Sendai had know was coming finally came to the Japanese shores in a very large skirmish near the town of Obama. Who was at fault was irrelevant in the end as the declarations of war succeeded to another. The world was at war and there could be only one Japan to emerge from the inferno.
The Tokugawa leaders did not waste time. Hours after the initial clash, trains were already racing to the frontlines, bringing tens of thousands men. By the time Emperor Meiji himself declared in front of the Imperial Palace his divine will to go to war and restore Japanese greatness on the world stage, the war mobilisation was long started.
On September 16 1897, the Tokugawa 1st army launched Operation Sengoku and for the first time of the year, thousands of cannons bombarded the Japanese soil. And for the first hours, the great gamble taken by the North seemed to pay. They had mobilised and attacked with over six hundred and fifty thousand men, with more regiments being formed in the barracks of Nagoya. One Southern division had been almost wiped out, two were in dire need or resupply and reinforcements and the rest were withdrawing to Kyoto, pursued by an ecstatic 1st Japan Army. On September 21, Satsuma resistance appeared to be crumbling and Tokugawa Mitsukune affirmed in front of the diplomats of the Central Alliance victory would be a matter of weeks.
This proved to be a very premature opinion. The Satsuma High Command had been completely surprised by the speed of Northern mobilisation, but they had done their best to counter it. Trains, cars and ship transports were requisitioned to bring the divisions to the front. By September 23, General Kuroda of the Satsuma High Command had gathered twenty-eight divisions around Kyoto to counter the offensive of his enemies. The Southern 3rd Army was still outnumbered, as the Tokugawas were bringing literally every soldier they could on the battlefield and had now near forty divisions, but the Southern forces had received their full artillery contingent, machine guns and their new rifles.
On September 24, the Battle of Kyoto could begin. While it was not fought in the city itself, the Tokugawa soldiers could see the city in the distance and thus had a very bad surprise when the enemy they believed on the ropes revealed an impressive firepower. The apocalyptic bombardment of the artillery lasted hours. There were so many impacts that the earth was transformed into a lunar landscape. The Northern infantry was forced to find cover where they could. The artillery which had managed somehow to follow the furious rhythm of their offensive was decimated. A few cavalry regiments who tried to resurrect the time of samurai cavalry charges were gunned down before they managed to do any damage. And then the Southern infantry moved out of their fortifications, charging and screaming at their long-hated enemies. The Tokugawa 1st Army was severely beaten, and it was only its sheer size which saved it. Indeed, many divisions were still on the road to Kyoto when the cannons devastating barrage began. These were these formations which held the lines at the end of the day, digging trenches and improvising fortifications as best as they could.
The Battle of Kyoto was a horrific butchery. A million four hundred and forty thousand men fought in this battle for over a week and the losses were counted in the tens of thousands. Modern weaponry revealed all its horrific potential, vaporising thousands of soldiers in red midst and crippling thousands of young men until death came to take them decades after.
The Tokugawa 1st Army suffered an awful defeat from September 24 to September 30. Eight of their divisions were so hammered they were disbanded after the battle and the survivors assigned other under-strength forces. Many regiments lost half their effectives. Thousands were made prisoner by the Satsuma counter-attack. The Sengoku offensive withdrew from twenty kilometres, its first retreat in this bloody war. Over two hundred and seventy thousand men were dead, fleeing, missing or prisoners. The pride of Edo and the Tokugawa elite armies had been butchered on the ravaged battlefield of Central Honshu. The red and white colours of the Emperor supporters were now crimson of the blood lost. Losses from the Satsuma 3rd Army were also heavy, but rapidly compensated by the tide of conscripts arriving to the frontlines in their white-grey uniforms.
On the strategic side, the future had suddenly darkened considerably for Shogun Tokugawa Mitsukune. The one-sided victory had disappeared with this defeat, and now it seemed the war was going to be a long and difficult struggle, exactly the long conflict he and his subordinates wanted to avoid in the first place.
The end of September and the beginning of October were not full of events to reassure him. The Satsuma Navy defeated a Tokugawa cruiser squadron at the Battle of Kozushima on October 3, sinking many precious transports of nitrates and American weapons that would have been a great boon for his nation.
On land, the front was stabilising. General Tanaka of the 1st Army had finally managed to bloody the Southern infantry on October 9, the succession trenches and concentrated artillery destroying many fresh regiments coming from Fukuoka and Hiroshima. They had lost ten more kilometres, but the Satsuma counter-attack had been stopped. The Northern army was still on former Southern territory and enjoyed showing it to the Satsuma citizens which had not managed to evacuate in time.
Like on many other fronts, the Japanese factions were stalemated and now entrenched solidly. The hope for a short war was not completely gone...and Edo authorities knew very well that with their ships blockaded in their harbours, the months to come would definitely not allow them to reinforce faster than Kagoshima...