Russia's New Borders
The Russian Empire ceased to exist on 17 March, 1917, with the passage of the new Russian constitution. The new nation, the Union of Socialist States of Russia (USSR), had long been in the plan of Prime Minister Trotsky, now in his seventh year as Prime Minister, to revamp Russia's outdated bureaucratic nightmare. The new Constitution, which continued to bind all parts of the former Empire together, devolved a large amount of power to the constituent parts of that Empire, which designating that all authority came from the Tsar.
There were a number of state kingdoms within the realm: the Ukraine, White Russia, Crimea, Bulgaria, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Turkestan, Kirghizstan, Uighurstan, and, of course, Russia. The capital of Russia would be moved to Moscow, while St Petersburg would remain the federal capital in a territory that was separated from Russia entirely. The new kingdoms would be permitted to exercise any power which was not restricted to St Petersburg by the new Constitution. Each would have a Premier, who would be responsible to the Tsar, but Trotsky alone would hold the title of Prime Minister.
The powers outlined for the central government were very similar to those outlined for the federal government of the United States of America. However, there were additions to the Federal Duma's powers. They would be in charge of all banking, registration of corporations, marriage and divorce, welfare provision, railways, and relations between commerce and labour. In addition, there was one additional power which entitled the government to "assume ownership of property from any State or any person for any purpose, provided compensation for such assumption can be considered just." All other powers were devolved to the new state kingdom governments, including education, health and police powers. They would be required to hold their own constitutional conventions and agree on how to govern their new regions.
One power that was not reserved for the state kingdoms was the power to secede. This was strictly forbidden, in a hope that it would ensure that the disaster visited on the Americans in the 1860's was not repeated here. However, there was room left for further devolution and the creation of new state kingdoms.
Of greater importance to Trotsky, however, was the coming conference in St Petersburg in July. Representatives from socialist parties across the world would gather as part of the Second International (Socintern). It would include the Prime Ministers of France, Germany, the USSR, Austria-Hungary, Australia (Charlton was sending a representative), as well as delegations from China, Japan, Finland, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Britain and the United States. It would also include representatives from the International Workers of the World and other trade unions.
It was necessary for them all to develop a common ground on which to deal with the potential threat of the United States Administration. With the four major powers of continental Europe allied, there was little that the Americans could hope to achieve outside their sphere of influence. However, the question was whether socialist movements should actively oppose the Americans. In the end, the question would be deferred until 1920 due to disagreements among those present on a course of action.