In His Own Right, Part III

Is the U.K. breaking apart or just more autonomious power? If the first happen could we still call it the British Empire?

Also the title of the emperor might offend a lot of Brits, "Emperor of Great Britain and India" might be more suit. Again, if the U.K. did break up, what the title will be? Anglo Emperor?:confused:

Laser disc by 1950s:eek: poor 8 track.
 
Is the U.K. breaking apart or just more autonomious power? If the first happen could we still call it the British Empire?

Also the title of the emperor might offend a lot of Brits, "Emperor of Great Britain and India" might be more suit. Again, if the U.K. did break up, what the title will be? Anglo Emperor?:confused:

Laser disc by 1950s:eek: poor 8 track.

It isn't breaking apart. What is happening is that the British are granting all powers save foreign affairs and defence to its Dominions. In the next stage of its development, it will have to redefine those powers so that the Indo-British Empire can continue to speak with one voice on foreign and defence matters, but will have a voice for all participants. Because they will never all agree, the last war for Britain, unless invaded, will probably be Nepal in the 1920's.

By raising India to the same level of Great Britain, it is indicating to her that she won't be able to keep her Empire intact anymore than Britain will. She will need to spin off her own Dominions. Nonetheless, just as Britain will be the leading voice in the Anglo sphere, India will be the leading voice in the subcontinent.

I will show my ignorance. I have heard of 8 track, but never seen one and wouldn't have a concept as to how one works. I have always presumed it was like a type of cassette, but yeah, if it goes missing in TTL, I won't miss it. We always had records and cassettes in my home and CD's from about 1980, IIRC.
 
Never lived in the 8-track age myself but essentialy as the name implied, I belieive they held 8-songs and were large bulky things.

One thing, You show tech.levels being very speeded up, but FWIW, with a lot of the OTL wars not happening, how will this be so? Technology generally makes its greatest advances during wartime, IMO.

Not to say it isnt interesting, though.
 
There will be some elements that are faster; some that are slower.

For example, motorised transportation will not be as advanced in TTL because of the lack of work that in OTL went into producing tanks and mechanised infantry divisions. Flight will not be as advanced, because all the work on development war planes does not happen.

However, other parts of pure science will more faster because they are not attached to military applications and thus will receive a greater share of scientific funding in this timeline than what they did in ours.

In the case of the laser, this is what happened. In OTL, Einstein produced a major paper on it in 1917. The German Empire was falling apart and thus, while it was suggested it could be a weapon, nobody paid any notice and the papers sat on a shelf somewhere, forgotten, until after World War II. In TTL, someone paid notice and Germany and Russia both looked at potential weapons research. They will get a working model operational by 1931, but by 1933, they will realise that it doesn't achieve what they want it to achieve.

However, it doesn't mean it is completely useless and other interests will take it up for other applications. However, it will take 20 years of research to convert the military application to a civilian one.

So really, this isn't faster research. It is just that the infrastructure is in place to deal with this discovery, whereas in OTL, the infrastructure was crumbling and distracted.
 
Russia's New Borders

The Russian Empire ceased to exist on 17 March, 1917, with the passage of the new Russian constitution. The new nation, the Union of Socialist States of Russia (USSR), had long been in the plan of Prime Minister Trotsky, now in his seventh year as Prime Minister, to revamp Russia's outdated bureaucratic nightmare. The new Constitution, which continued to bind all parts of the former Empire together, devolved a large amount of power to the constituent parts of that Empire, which designating that all authority came from the Tsar.

There were a number of state kingdoms within the realm: the Ukraine, White Russia, Crimea, Bulgaria, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Turkestan, Kirghizstan, Uighurstan, and, of course, Russia. The capital of Russia would be moved to Moscow, while St Petersburg would remain the federal capital in a territory that was separated from Russia entirely. The new kingdoms would be permitted to exercise any power which was not restricted to St Petersburg by the new Constitution. Each would have a Premier, who would be responsible to the Tsar, but Trotsky alone would hold the title of Prime Minister.

The powers outlined for the central government were very similar to those outlined for the federal government of the United States of America. However, there were additions to the Federal Duma's powers. They would be in charge of all banking, registration of corporations, marriage and divorce, welfare provision, railways, and relations between commerce and labour. In addition, there was one additional power which entitled the government to "assume ownership of property from any State or any person for any purpose, provided compensation for such assumption can be considered just." All other powers were devolved to the new state kingdom governments, including education, health and police powers. They would be required to hold their own constitutional conventions and agree on how to govern their new regions.

One power that was not reserved for the state kingdoms was the power to secede. This was strictly forbidden, in a hope that it would ensure that the disaster visited on the Americans in the 1860's was not repeated here. However, there was room left for further devolution and the creation of new state kingdoms.

Of greater importance to Trotsky, however, was the coming conference in St Petersburg in July. Representatives from socialist parties across the world would gather as part of the Second International (Socintern). It would include the Prime Ministers of France, Germany, the USSR, Austria-Hungary, Australia (Charlton was sending a representative), as well as delegations from China, Japan, Finland, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Britain and the United States. It would also include representatives from the International Workers of the World and other trade unions.

It was necessary for them all to develop a common ground on which to deal with the potential threat of the United States Administration. With the four major powers of continental Europe allied, there was little that the Americans could hope to achieve outside their sphere of influence. However, the question was whether socialist movements should actively oppose the Americans. In the end, the question would be deferred until 1920 due to disagreements among those present on a course of action.
 
A more democratic USSR?

Interesting....

In what ways is the Russian system in TTL unique from the US's framework of ideas of federal gov't with the exception of the whole state kingdom thing? I am speaking of those minute bits - like how OTL's Duma operates....

I do like how Russia is better ITTL.

Keep up the good work!
 
A more democratic USSR?

Interesting....

In what ways is the Russian system in TTL unique from the US's framework of ideas of federal gov't with the exception of the whole state kingdom thing? I am speaking of those minute bits - like how OTL's Duma operates....

I do like how Russia is better ITTL.

Keep up the good work!

The Duma is elected on the basis of universal suffrage from each of the kingdoms of the USSR. There are 351 seats, which are divided between the state kingdoms as follows:

Russia: 182 seats
Ukraine: 61 seats
Uzbekistan: 32 seats
Kazakhstan: 21 seats
Caucasia: 20 seats
White Russia: 13 seats
Bulgaria: 10 seats
Kirghizstan: 6 seats
Turkmenistan: 6 seats

However, all legislation approved by the Duma must also be approved by a majority of the Council of Premiers, the heads of government of each of the state kingdoms. And they should not consent to approve legislation without the consent of the state Dumas; though they are not bound to do so, they can be removed by a vote of no confidence for failing to consult the state Duma before a vote on federal legislation. So, essentially, you end up with a situation where Russian delegates will initiate the vast majority of legislation, but the outlying regions of the Empire have the capacity to stall it if five of them band together.

If there is a disagreement between the Duma and the Council of Premiers, and the Duma introduces a bill twice within a sitting which is then twice rejected by the Council of Premiers, the Prime Minister may order the Tsar to dissolve the Duma and force an election. If the Prime Minister wins the election, he may then call a sitting of the Duma to reconsider the bill and provided it is passed by a two-thirds majority of the Duma, it shall become law.

The person who holds the majority in the Duma will be Prime Minister of the USSR and Vice Chairman of the Council of State (the Executive); the Tsar, of course, is Chairman. The head of the Russian Duma will be the Premier of Russia, an entirely different post but undoubtedly the third most powerful position in the country.

As an aside, I have been thinking that Trotsky might be keen to bring Finland, Lithuania and Poland back into the fold as further state kingdoms, but as they already have monarchs, we will have to see how that goes. Finland might be possible in the 1930's (there will be a terrible tragedy that wipes out the entire royal family there). Poland - well, anymore hiccups and that's a potential. Lithuania already has King Cyril and he is likely to be amenable to a union in the long-term, given he's a Romanov.

Any more questions?
 
Independence Day - 4 July, 1917

Chief Justice Charles Evan Hughes turned over the pages of the newspaper, waiting the call that he knew would be coming. The leading story was that the Commission of Strasbourg had decided to allow Alsace-Lorraine a referendum on independence next year. It was competing with the death of King George I of Greece after 54 years on the throne. Undoubtedly, the paper said, the new King Constantine would seek to distance himself from Great Britain and move closer to Germany, given the situation with the Cypriots. However, Hughes knew that tomorrow he would be on the headlines.

The ruling that was about to be published today would enrage, infuriate and aggravate the President. Hughes had felt uncomfortable with the President ever since he had passed the Sedition Act, creating the National Security Council, which Beveridge had then used to harrass trade unions, prevent publications that disagreed with the government and to threaten Socialist Party members. The response had been a massive protest in Chicago, creating racial conflict for the first time in years as white supporters of the President (many suggested that they were members of the National Investigations Bureau) had clashed with African American supporters of the Socialist Party. The President had allowed the violence to escalate until, with three hundred people dead, he had instituted martial law across the whole state of Illinois.

The Chief Justice had immediately hijacked a case of an individual arrested under the Sedition Act, despite the recent vacancy caused by the retirement of the ailing Justice Moody. The brethren had agreed unanimously with his decision to do so. And together, they attacked the Sedition Act, stating that prohibitions on the spread of political activities and information were a violation of the First Amendment. Congress had no power to prevent agitation against the Government or to prohibit citizens from conducting political activism unless they became violent. And, under close examination of the Chicago riot, the people who should have been arrested were those who initiated the violence - the supporters of the President. Those who had been detained had been detained illegally and were free to go.

Congressman Dubois would take over the campaign against the President later in the month and under the protection of the Supreme Court, would stage rallies in New York, Philadelphia and Houston. Their complaint was that, during the Administration, the tide was turning in favour of greater segregation based on the President's doctrine of the purity of the races. Then, in August, the Governors of Oklahoma and Arkansas issued a joint statement, arguing that the President's federalisation of the National Guard was a direct attack on rights. A protest march to Washington would be attacked, resulting in eight deaths.

It soon became clear that the level of conflict in the United States was on the rise and this time, there may be no stopping it. The government of the Dominion of Canada, under Sir Robert Borden, formally expressed its concerns and contacted London, suggesting that the British Army might like to engage in some friendly troop rotations. Prime Minister Lloyd George agreed, with the provisio that Canada agree to raise its own forces. Over the period between July and December, 1917, Canada raised a total of sixteen thousand troops. The British would steadily send a further thirteen thousand. While these figures couldn't compare to the US military, being only about one third the size, the organisation of the Canadian forces into "shock infantry", with sniper, grenadier and demolition brigades becoming the core of the units, gave the Americans considerable pause. The new slogan of the Canadian armed forces to those of the south: "Dare If You Will, but Prepare for the Worst".
 
Hang on...might we see a new US secession and maybe a slightly expanded Canada? That would be amazing.

I don't know what is going to happen at this stage. I have an idea about how I want the North American continent to end up, but I don't know how I will go about it or even if it is feasible. And no, I won't be telling. ;)

Will there be a war between the US and the British Empire? I suspect not, but I can't be sure on that. I guess that depends very much on the next few years.
 
Caught Red-Handed

There could be no doubt of the intent. General Dragutin Dimitijevic, a professor at the Serbian Military Academy and a senior member of their General Staff, had been captured on Austrian soil on 20 July, 1917, with documentation that demonstrated clearly the plans of his organisation to assassinate the Emperor.

To say that the Emperor had been furious was an understatement. This was just one of a series of offenses since the dampening of relations between the United States of Austria-Hungary and its southern neighbour since the Albanian rebellion, and this time, it was clear that the Serbian government was involved in the plot. In the Reichsrat, there was uproar and demands for an immediate move against Serbia. In the streets, the Minister for Industry, Benito Mussolini, attempted to calm the trade unions who had joined demands for war. Prime Minister Ernst von Koerber met with the Russian Ambassador.

In St Petersburg, it was agreed that Vienna had made every attempt possible to rectify the difficulties between the two nations, including granting southern Bosnia and refusing to annex Albania outright into the Empire. Russia was also working with Austria toward a steady revival of the Polish nation. In addition, Serbia was without support on this one. Britain, Germany, France, the Ottomans, even her neighbours in Romania and Greece, made clear that Serbia had overstepped the mark. Austria-Hungary was given a free hand.

Her demands were simple. Serbia should allow Austrian forces to enter its borders without resistance to remove those people who were engaged in criminal activity. There was a list of names of those to be detained, including six members of the Government, Prime Minister Pasic among them, as well as four members of the General Staff. There was also a warning that further investigations may produce even more names. Essentially, the Serbian ruling class, with the exception of their King, would become the hunted. Austria would "temporarily" take over a number of functions of government until all those involved in the activities had been removed. Once all conditions were met, Austria would withdraw and allow Serbia to resume full sovereignty. The Serbians were given 72 hours to reply.

On 22 July, the Regent, Prince Aleksander, working with Field Marshal Zivojin Misic and his assistant, General Petar Bojovic, orchestrated a coup d'etat and arrested all the persons named by the Austrian government. They detained all known associates of the named conspirators, including judges, military officers, professors, bureaucrats and diplomats, offering them up to the Austrians as a sacrificial lamb. However, on 23 July, the Reichsrat decided that the Serbians had failed to meet their demands and mobilised their forces for war.

The invasion began on 10 August, with the crossing of the Sava and Drina Rivers and an offensive across the mountains near Cer. In a battle lasting three days, the Austrians took twenty-five thousand casualties, while the Serbians, fielding a smaller force, lost sixteen thousand. By 1 September, the Serbian army was running out of artillery shells and gradually, in a war of attrition on both sides, the Austrians progressed steadily. On 22 November, Prince Aleksander ordered the evacuation of the capital and Serbia surrendered two days later.

The official death toll was nearly four hundred thousands, with Austria bearing a slight disadvantage in number of deaths. However, the shattered infrastructure of Serbia led to a number of deadly epidemics during the winter months that followed the occupation. In all, about six hundred thousand Serbians (15% of the total population) died, the vast majority of them male. Serbia was incorporated into the United States of Austria-Hungary, initially as a protectorate, later as a state.
 
One idea that will begin to pop up its head very soon is the union of Canada and the United States (but it won't come about until probably late 1930's), which will result in a new constitution and a new political structure for them both. This will be preceded by a difficult time, particularly for the United States. "The Time of Troubles" will begin very soon and there is a distinct possibility that the United States will even lose completely a number of states before being reincarnated.


Uhhh.... Look I know swallowing up Canada has been popular with the US at various times, that the Maritimes are economically a part of New England, that Ontario is part of the Great Lakes economic region, etc...

But Canada in this era flipped out at the thought of unrestricted reciprocity (free trade) let alone any kind of union. Nor was Canada going to break up, though it might happened a few decades earlier.

The Maritimes and the Prairies would go for unrestricted reciprocity, B.C. cares far more about the Pacific Rim and as such could really care less, and Ontario and Quebec in this period would be adamantly against it. Since Ontario and Quebec would control most of the seats in the House of Commons even weakening the National Policy (tariffs on non-Canadian manufactured goods) is basically a no-no.

Now if the US breaks up, and it's nasty enough to cause aftershocks in Canada then you might see say New England with the Maritimes added, independent Quebec (sans northern Quebec which it was given by the federal government), B.C., Alberta and the northwestern US states combined, etc...


As for the Indo-British Federal Empire (Commonwealth?), awesome. Get (force) the Dominions to adopt the UK pound as part of the entity coming about - in exchange for I have no idea, otherwise it's not economically tied enough to stay together. And I'd argue that if the External Affairs and War Departments of all members are elevated above even the UK/India's own, then it would probably stick together as a functioning body.


But hey, if you come with something interesting I'm more then willing to listen. Great timeline, and how's the Japan-Korean Empire integration going along?
 
So a state in the USAH is = to that of a state kingdom in Russia?

Good installments - can see the American one is topical....

How is the sniper technology in Britain? Is it relatively "Honored" in comparison to the aftermath of the ACW of OTL? Is infantry tactics developed more ITTL than OTL??
 
Wouldn't anything relate to the break of Canada from the Empire in that era will be viewed badly in London? If the U.S. absorb even some part of Canada, unwillingly on part of the Canadian and the British, I suspect the British will react drastically to it. While the major war may be unlikely consider the logistic involved, Britain will view the U.S. with distrust and it will destroy the goodwill between the two. Wait to see what will happen in North America.
 
Uhhh.... Look I know swallowing up Canada has been popular with the US at various times, that the Maritimes are economically a part of New England, that Ontario is part of the Great Lakes economic region, etc...

But Canada in this era flipped out at the thought of unrestricted reciprocity (free trade) let alone any kind of union. Nor was Canada going to break up, though it might happened a few decades earlier.

The Maritimes and the Prairies would go for unrestricted reciprocity, B.C. cares far more about the Pacific Rim and as such could really care less, and Ontario and Quebec in this period would be adamantly against it. Since Ontario and Quebec would control most of the seats in the House of Commons even weakening the National Policy (tariffs on non-Canadian manufactured goods) is basically a no-no.

Now if the US breaks up, and it's nasty enough to cause aftershocks in Canada then you might see say New England with the Maritimes added, independent Quebec (sans northern Quebec which it was given by the federal government), B.C., Alberta and the northwestern US states combined, etc...


As for the Indo-British Federal Empire (Commonwealth?), awesome. Get (force) the Dominions to adopt the UK pound as part of the entity coming about - in exchange for I have no idea, otherwise it's not economically tied enough to stay together. And I'd argue that if the External Affairs and War Departments of all members are elevated above even the UK/India's own, then it would probably stick together as a functioning body.


But hey, if you come with something interesting I'm more then willing to listen. Great timeline, and how's the Japan-Korean Empire integration going along?

Hi EM,

The problem with your assumption is that the US will "swallow" Canada. That will not be the case. You came closer to where I'm headed with the paragraph that began "now if the US breaks up....":D

I like your idea about the Dominions adopting the British pound. What I eventually want to see is a triune Commonwealth (Africa, India and other). I still think that I am looking at the mid-1920's to early 1930's.

The integration of Joseon and Naichi is going quite well. The income of the average citizen of Joseon is about $550 per annum ahead of where it was in OTL. In Taipei, the increase is more like $650 per annum. Due to the British alliance, Australia is provided large amounts of raw materials to Japan and, despite Australian racism, there is an emerging acceptance that a relationship between the two countries is inevitable. It will take time, but I can imagine a Japan-Australia treaty of some description in about 1940.
 
So a state in the USAH is = to that of a state kingdom in Russia?

Good installments - can see the American one is topical....

How is the sniper technology in Britain? Is it relatively "Honored" in comparison to the aftermath of the ACW of OTL? Is infantry tactics developed more ITTL than OTL??

Not quite. The state kingdoms of Russia have a bit more authority than the states of Austria-Hungary.

Infantry tactics are about the same, though there has been very little opportunity for practice. Britain has some advantages due to fighting a war in India for three years. She has even begun experimenting with the idea of tanks instead of infantry, but it is a low priority and they won't be developed in the same way. Even though motorised armour will eventually come about, it won't happen until the mid 1920's. Sniping has moved much beyond the ACW. As I see it (and I'm no expert), sniping advanced during World War II to fill a particular niche. That niche does not yet exist.
 
Wouldn't anything relate to the break of Canada from the Empire in that era will be viewed badly in London? If the U.S. absorb even some part of Canada, unwillingly on part of the Canadian and the British, I suspect the British will react drastically to it. While the major war may be unlikely consider the logistic involved, Britain will view the U.S. with distrust and it will destroy the goodwill between the two. Wait to see what will happen in North America.

More like Canada will absorb part of the US, though even this isn't technically correct. You'll just have to wait and see.
 
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