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Let's say that Justinian's conquests were much more successful and the Roman empire was able to hold on to the pictured territories permanently.
How powerful would this Byzantium be on the world stage?
What do you see being the major cities of this empire in the modern day? How would Constantinople develop?
Would such a strong Eastern Roman Empire delay or accelerate a renaissance in Europe?
With such a long time for the populace to assimilate, would the majority of the empire speak Greek as their first language, or would local languages remain prevalent? How assimilated do you see Italy becoming?
How wealthy do you see this empire becoming? What quality of life do you think its citizens could enjoy?
What effect would this surviving Rome have on the development of Christianity? Do you see a schism of any sort happening ITTL?
How would such a strong surviving Roman Empire impact the development of other European powers? Could states such as France, Spain, and Great Britain form as well? What about the HRE?