Oh I see, neat! Guess it makes sense, shorter and wider magazine and all.
Images from the Footprint of Mussolini
- Thread starter Waltzing Brunhilda
- Start date
Sort of an M1 Carbine, but not really.
Beretta 57: Italy Makes a .30 Carbine SMG for Morocco
www.forgottenweapons.com
The September 18th Museum in Shenyang, Lianoning Province, Republic of China.
Opened on September 18, 1961 to commemorate the Sept. 18, 1931 “Mukden Incident” wherein the Japanese Kwangtung Army invaded Manchuria. The museum also honours the victims in Manchuria of Japanese oppression/war crimes and that of their puppet state of Manchukuo. Like many museums and memorials to the “War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression” built by the former Communist government of Jiang Qing, the ROC government kept it around – only making changes where needed.
It make me wonder if the the great patriotic war memorial get the same treatment
Benito Mussolini Wirth, Mayor of Tel Aviv from 2010 until leaving office in 2018, with his wife. Named after the Fascist dictator of Italy, Benito Wirth has become notable as a major figure in the center-right Herut party, serving both in the Knesset and as Mayor of Tel Aviv as a prominent figure in the party, even if his name has in some ways hampered his political career and led to problems and odd questions when it comes to visiting several countries.
(Think of this as a TTL equivalent to the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu being named after Joseph Stalin)
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Benito Mussolini Wirth giving a speech at a press conference in Tel Aviv, Israel in 2016, which he had served as Mayor of since 2010 until leaving office in 2018. Named after the Fascist dictator of Italy, Benito Wirth has become notable as a major figure in the center-right Herut party, serving both in the Knesset and as Mayor of Tel Aviv as a prominent figure in the party, even if his name has in some ways hampered his political career and led to problems and odd questions when it comes to visiting several countries.
(Think of this as a TTL equivalent to the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu being named after Joseph Stalin)
DudeChanged the image to a fictional Israeli PM from a political drama.
I made this map inspired by the some of the map's Lalli made about the status of Government Types, Freedom, LGBT Rights, the Death Penalty and Internet Freedom in this world. This is a map of the status of Abortion Law in the world of the Footprint of Mussolini.
It was mentioned in the 2020 epilogue that California and Portugal had liberal abortion laws, while the Lusitania had almost all abortion banned, with only a few exceptions to the risk of a woman's life. The rest of this map is speculation.
If anything should be changed, let me know. I might do a Democracy Index map next.
It was mentioned in the 2020 epilogue that California and Portugal had liberal abortion laws, while the Lusitania had almost all abortion banned, with only a few exceptions to the risk of a woman's life. The rest of this map is speculation.
If anything should be changed, let me know. I might do a Democracy Index map next.
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His Holiness Pope Tawadros II, born Wagih Sobhy Baky Soliman on November 4th, 1952 in Mansoura, Arab Republic of Egypt.
Tawadros is the 118th Pope of Alexandria, Patriarch of the See of St. Mark, and 3rd “Shepherd of Shepherds and Father of Fathers” (official title for the head of state) of the Holy State of Aiguption, aka North Egypt, since its foundation after the conclusion of the Second Arab War.
Under Tawadros’ predecessors as leaders of North Egypt, the Coptic language, culture, and especially the Coptic faith have undergone a massive surge and revival whilst Islam has tanked either due to persecutions by Alexandria, conversion (forced or willingly), or mostly through a Muslim exodus southward to the Republic of (South) Egypt. Persecution of the North Egyptian LGBT community was also intense from the country’s foundation.
However under Tawadros’ leadership, state persecution of the country’s LGBT community has been lifted and tolerance has been seeing an major uptick. Debate amongst the members of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Aiguption (the highest governmental and theological authority in the country) on the approval of, and issuing of, civil marriages to North Egyptian same-sex couples is still raging as of August 2022 though with official restrictions and persecutions having ended since Winter 2014 the LGBT community is hopeful that the Synod will ultimately approve. However, restrictions on Islam have remained in place.
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It is indeed independent. Gained full independence during Chinese War.
Not an image exactly, but just some filling the gaps in regards to the Waffen-SS during World War II and the German Civil War.
List of Waffen-SS Divisions
1st SS Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
2nd SS Division "Das Reich"
3rd SS Division "Totenkopf"
4th SS Polizei Division
5th SS Panzer Division "Wiking"
6th SS Mountain Division "Nord"
7th SS Cavalry Division "Florian Geyer" [1]
8th SS Panzer Division "Hohenstaufen"
9th SS Panzer Division "Frundsberg"
10th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland"
11th SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend"
12th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian or Galician)
13th SS Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Lithuanian) [2]
14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)
15th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Reichsführer-SS"
16th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Götz von Berlichingen"
17th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Horst Wessel"
18th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian)*
19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
20th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division "Maria Theresia"
21st SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nederland" (1st Dutch)
22nd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS (Karstjäger) [3]
23rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hunyadi" (1st Hungarian) [4]
24th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hungaria" (2nd Hungarian) [4]
25th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division [5]
26th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Langemarck" (1st Flemish) [6]
27th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Wallonien" [6]
28th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division of the SS "Charlemange" (1st French) [6]
29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Estonian) [7]
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st White Russian) [8]
32nd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Landstorm Nederland" [9]
33rd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "30 Januar" [10]
34th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS [11]
35th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Nibelungen" [10]
[1] The 7th SS Division "Prinz Eugen" doesn't exist ITTL as the Germans never invaded Yugoslavia. However, the German government made deals with the governments of Italy, Croatia and Serbia, along with their allies of Hungary and Romania, to allow ethnic-Germans from these countries to serve in the Waffen-SS.
[2] The 13th SS Division Hanschar doesn't exist ITTL as the Germans never invaded Yugoslavia. Also, without Bosnians to recruit from, RF-SS Himmler decides to more seriously recruit from Lithuanians instead. IOTL only a small number of Lithuanians served in the Waffen-SS, mostly on an individual basis. IITL, Himmler relies on forced conscription in Lithuania, as well as in Latvia and Estonia, so not having enough volunteers isn't an issue.
[3] Formed after the declaration of war on Italy and contained many ethnic Germans from Italy and Slovenia, as well as some Slovenes.
[4] Both formed after the invasion of Hungary.
[5] Mostly made up of "Donauswaben" or ethnic-Germans from Hungary.
[6] The SS decided to hastily upgrade the Flemish, Walloon and French "Sturmbrigade" into divisions after the invasions of Hungary and Italy.
[7] Was planned but never formed IOTL, but was formed IITL due to manpower concerns after the invasions of Hungary and Italy. Also ITTL, Bronislav Kaminski's RONA was never upgraded to a division IITL due to the unit being largely destroyed during TTL's Warsaw Uprising in May, 1944, during which Kaminski was killed in battle.
[8] Consisted from Belarussians, Russians, Ukrainians and Poles from Belarus as the OTL 30th SS Division, but IITL this division was sent to the Italian Front instead of the Western Front. Many desertions from the unit took place, just as IOTL.
[9] The SS Landstorm Nederland Brigade was upgraded to a division after the start of the German Civil War and fought against the Wehrmacht and Western Allies.
[10] Formed hastily after the start of the German Civil War.
[11] Formed from the infamous Dirlewanger Brigade and Sturmbrigade, with the division and its eponymous leader being eliminated during the Battle of Berlin.
~~~~~~~~~~~
The SS divisions that took part in the invasions of Hungary and Italy were the 1st SS Division, led by SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Deitrich, the 2nd SS Division, led by SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Lammerding, the 3rd SS Division, led by SS-Obergruppenführer Theodor Eicke, who never died in a plane crash in 1943 as IOTL and the 5th SS Division Wiking led by SS-Obergruppenführer Herbert Otto Gille. During the invasion of Hungary and Italy, the 9th, 12th and 15th Divisions were still on the Western Front, while the 3rd Germanic SS Panzerkorps under SS-Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner, which included the 10th SS Division "Nordland", as well as the 17th SS Division "Horst Wessel" were on the Eastern Front.
~~~~~~~~~~~
In regards to non-Germans in the Waffen-SS, the Germanic Legions, the Dutch Legion, the Flemish Legion, the Norwegian Legion and the Frikorps Danmark, were all formed in 1941 and disbanded in 1943 as ITOL. Other Germanic peoples, such as Swiss Germans, Lichtenstein Germans, Luxemburgers, Swedes and even a couple of Icelanders served in the Waffen-SS as well, but in much smaller numbers as IOTL. The Britisches Freikorps was also formed IITL, with most of its members deserting after the start of the German Civil War. The Finnish Volunteer Battalion was also established IOTL. The two Irishmen who served in the Waffen-SS IOTL also served IITL, but surrendered to the British Army in Hungary after the start of the German Civil War.
Unlike IOTL, only small numbers of Bosnians and Croats served in the Waffen-SS, and those that did served mostly on an individual basis or were randomly conscripted. The same was true for the small numbers of Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Slovenes and Greeks in the Waffen-SS (as ITOL). Most of the Bosnians, Croats, Slovenes and Serbs that did serve served in the 22nd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS (Karstjäger) during the Italian Campaign. As mentioned above, Lithuanians were recruited instead of Bosnians IITL. IITL, only small numbers of Bulgarians, Albanians and Greeks served in the Waffen-SS, with the only few recorded cases having been Italian Army POW's serving in the Waffen-SS.
Unlike IOTL, only a couple hundred Italians served in the Waffen-SS. Most of those that did were hardcore anti-communists who defected to the Waffen SS from the 249th Infantry Division or the "Black Division." The same was the case with the couple hundred Spaniards who defected to the Waffen-SS from the 250th Infantry Division or "Blue Division." The approximately 150 Italian defectors were formed into the 100th SS Italian Volunteer Company, while the approximately 140 Spanish defectors were formed into the 101st SS Spanish Volunteer Company. Both of these units fought on the Eastern Front and were attached to the 27th "Wallonien" Division, as the Germans not want to risk these units defecting to the Western Allies or Fascists on other fronts. Many of the surviving members of these divisions ended up dying in Soviet gulags, with the remaining survivors being repatriated in the 1950s. The Italian and Spanish governments only gave these men clemency because they did not fight in the German Civil War or against their home countries.
Not long after the start of the German Civil War, the Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Divisions of the Waffen-SS were left in a predicament, with the men not wanting to fight the German Wehrmacht, these divisions continued to be employed against the Soviet Red Army. With the men of these divisions having no interest in the German Civil War, seeing the German Reich as a lost cause and with the Red Army advancing, mutinies occurred in all these divisions, with the German commanders of the divisions being forced to step down, with most of the commanders being imprisoned, killed or sent back to Germany and replaced with native commanders. The 12th Division became the 1st Division of the Ukrainian National Army under Pavlo Shandruk , the 13th Division became the 1st Division of the Lithuanian National Army under Povilas Plechavičius, the 14th and 18th Divisions became the 1st and 2nd Divisions of the Latvian National Army under Rūdolfs Bangerskis and the 19th and 29th Divisions becoming the 1st and 2nd Divisions of the Estonian National Army under Johannes Soodla. These "National Armies" fought against both the Germans and the Soviets and hoped to receive Western Allied support for the restoration of the independence of their respective nations. However, this never happened, and after the war, these national armies disbanded, with many of their men in the Baltics joining the "Forrest Brothers" partisans, with the many of the Ukranian men joing the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). The insurrections of the Forrest Brothers and the UPA lasted until the mid-1950s.
~~~~~~~~~~~
Next Post will be about the Post-War Waffen SS Trails and the fates of many Waffen-SS Commanders.
List of Waffen-SS Divisions
1st SS Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
2nd SS Division "Das Reich"
3rd SS Division "Totenkopf"
4th SS Polizei Division
5th SS Panzer Division "Wiking"
6th SS Mountain Division "Nord"
7th SS Cavalry Division "Florian Geyer" [1]
8th SS Panzer Division "Hohenstaufen"
9th SS Panzer Division "Frundsberg"
10th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland"
11th SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend"
12th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian or Galician)
13th SS Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Lithuanian) [2]
14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)
15th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Reichsführer-SS"
16th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Götz von Berlichingen"
17th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Horst Wessel"
18th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian)*
19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
20th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division "Maria Theresia"
21st SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nederland" (1st Dutch)
22nd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS (Karstjäger) [3]
23rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hunyadi" (1st Hungarian) [4]
24th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hungaria" (2nd Hungarian) [4]
25th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division [5]
26th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Langemarck" (1st Flemish) [6]
27th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Wallonien" [6]
28th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division of the SS "Charlemange" (1st French) [6]
29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Estonian) [7]
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st White Russian) [8]
32nd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Landstorm Nederland" [9]
33rd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "30 Januar" [10]
34th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS [11]
35th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Nibelungen" [10]
[1] The 7th SS Division "Prinz Eugen" doesn't exist ITTL as the Germans never invaded Yugoslavia. However, the German government made deals with the governments of Italy, Croatia and Serbia, along with their allies of Hungary and Romania, to allow ethnic-Germans from these countries to serve in the Waffen-SS.
[2] The 13th SS Division Hanschar doesn't exist ITTL as the Germans never invaded Yugoslavia. Also, without Bosnians to recruit from, RF-SS Himmler decides to more seriously recruit from Lithuanians instead. IOTL only a small number of Lithuanians served in the Waffen-SS, mostly on an individual basis. IITL, Himmler relies on forced conscription in Lithuania, as well as in Latvia and Estonia, so not having enough volunteers isn't an issue.
[3] Formed after the declaration of war on Italy and contained many ethnic Germans from Italy and Slovenia, as well as some Slovenes.
[4] Both formed after the invasion of Hungary.
[5] Mostly made up of "Donauswaben" or ethnic-Germans from Hungary.
[6] The SS decided to hastily upgrade the Flemish, Walloon and French "Sturmbrigade" into divisions after the invasions of Hungary and Italy.
[7] Was planned but never formed IOTL, but was formed IITL due to manpower concerns after the invasions of Hungary and Italy. Also ITTL, Bronislav Kaminski's RONA was never upgraded to a division IITL due to the unit being largely destroyed during TTL's Warsaw Uprising in May, 1944, during which Kaminski was killed in battle.
[8] Consisted from Belarussians, Russians, Ukrainians and Poles from Belarus as the OTL 30th SS Division, but IITL this division was sent to the Italian Front instead of the Western Front. Many desertions from the unit took place, just as IOTL.
[9] The SS Landstorm Nederland Brigade was upgraded to a division after the start of the German Civil War and fought against the Wehrmacht and Western Allies.
[10] Formed hastily after the start of the German Civil War.
[11] Formed from the infamous Dirlewanger Brigade and Sturmbrigade, with the division and its eponymous leader being eliminated during the Battle of Berlin.
~~~~~~~~~~~
The SS divisions that took part in the invasions of Hungary and Italy were the 1st SS Division, led by SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Deitrich, the 2nd SS Division, led by SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Lammerding, the 3rd SS Division, led by SS-Obergruppenführer Theodor Eicke, who never died in a plane crash in 1943 as IOTL and the 5th SS Division Wiking led by SS-Obergruppenführer Herbert Otto Gille. During the invasion of Hungary and Italy, the 9th, 12th and 15th Divisions were still on the Western Front, while the 3rd Germanic SS Panzerkorps under SS-Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner, which included the 10th SS Division "Nordland", as well as the 17th SS Division "Horst Wessel" were on the Eastern Front.
~~~~~~~~~~~
In regards to non-Germans in the Waffen-SS, the Germanic Legions, the Dutch Legion, the Flemish Legion, the Norwegian Legion and the Frikorps Danmark, were all formed in 1941 and disbanded in 1943 as ITOL. Other Germanic peoples, such as Swiss Germans, Lichtenstein Germans, Luxemburgers, Swedes and even a couple of Icelanders served in the Waffen-SS as well, but in much smaller numbers as IOTL. The Britisches Freikorps was also formed IITL, with most of its members deserting after the start of the German Civil War. The Finnish Volunteer Battalion was also established IOTL. The two Irishmen who served in the Waffen-SS IOTL also served IITL, but surrendered to the British Army in Hungary after the start of the German Civil War.
Unlike IOTL, only small numbers of Bosnians and Croats served in the Waffen-SS, and those that did served mostly on an individual basis or were randomly conscripted. The same was true for the small numbers of Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Slovenes and Greeks in the Waffen-SS (as ITOL). Most of the Bosnians, Croats, Slovenes and Serbs that did serve served in the 22nd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS (Karstjäger) during the Italian Campaign. As mentioned above, Lithuanians were recruited instead of Bosnians IITL. IITL, only small numbers of Bulgarians, Albanians and Greeks served in the Waffen-SS, with the only few recorded cases having been Italian Army POW's serving in the Waffen-SS.
Unlike IOTL, only a couple hundred Italians served in the Waffen-SS. Most of those that did were hardcore anti-communists who defected to the Waffen SS from the 249th Infantry Division or the "Black Division." The same was the case with the couple hundred Spaniards who defected to the Waffen-SS from the 250th Infantry Division or "Blue Division." The approximately 150 Italian defectors were formed into the 100th SS Italian Volunteer Company, while the approximately 140 Spanish defectors were formed into the 101st SS Spanish Volunteer Company. Both of these units fought on the Eastern Front and were attached to the 27th "Wallonien" Division, as the Germans not want to risk these units defecting to the Western Allies or Fascists on other fronts. Many of the surviving members of these divisions ended up dying in Soviet gulags, with the remaining survivors being repatriated in the 1950s. The Italian and Spanish governments only gave these men clemency because they did not fight in the German Civil War or against their home countries.
Not long after the start of the German Civil War, the Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Divisions of the Waffen-SS were left in a predicament, with the men not wanting to fight the German Wehrmacht, these divisions continued to be employed against the Soviet Red Army. With the men of these divisions having no interest in the German Civil War, seeing the German Reich as a lost cause and with the Red Army advancing, mutinies occurred in all these divisions, with the German commanders of the divisions being forced to step down, with most of the commanders being imprisoned, killed or sent back to Germany and replaced with native commanders. The 12th Division became the 1st Division of the Ukrainian National Army under Pavlo Shandruk , the 13th Division became the 1st Division of the Lithuanian National Army under Povilas Plechavičius, the 14th and 18th Divisions became the 1st and 2nd Divisions of the Latvian National Army under Rūdolfs Bangerskis and the 19th and 29th Divisions becoming the 1st and 2nd Divisions of the Estonian National Army under Johannes Soodla. These "National Armies" fought against both the Germans and the Soviets and hoped to receive Western Allied support for the restoration of the independence of their respective nations. However, this never happened, and after the war, these national armies disbanded, with many of their men in the Baltics joining the "Forrest Brothers" partisans, with the many of the Ukranian men joing the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). The insurrections of the Forrest Brothers and the UPA lasted until the mid-1950s.
~~~~~~~~~~~
Next Post will be about the Post-War Waffen SS Trails and the fates of many Waffen-SS Commanders.
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The heavy cruiser Zara of the Italian Regia Marina bombarding UAR ground forces within port city of Alexandria, circa 1956.
Vittorio Mussolini (1916 - 1997)
Vittorio was Benito Mussolini's oldest recognised child and second oldest one after his daughgter Edda. Vittorio served in 1930's Italian air forces and participated to Second Abyssinian-Italian War. But he was more intrested about movies and later moved to Hollywood where he created quiet succesful career as movie critic, screen writer and producer. He created several contacts with Jewish movie makers and left-wing circles in Hollywyood. His sympathies towards leftists, speciality extreme ones, begun decrease at end of 1940's. Despite his old sympahties towards left-wing movie makers, he managed survive from acts of McCarthy's anti-American Committee, probably due his close relationships with Benito Mussolini and him giving some help to find communists from Hollywood. Through next decades Vittorio managed to produce several movies some being quiet succesful. He died at Hollywood in 1997 after long-lasted illness.
Bruno Mussolini (1918 - 2000)
Bruno Mussolini served at Italian Air Forces. He served there through Second World Wars and both Arabian Wars. On Arabian Wars he led his own squadroms succesfully. Being son of famous and popular dictator helped his career and gave him chances to develope Italian air forces. In 1964 him became minister of aviaton and commander of Italian Air Forces. He too got rank of marshal of air force. Mussolini supported war at Ethiopia but didn't agree duce Balbo's decision to nuke Addis Ababa in 1970 and warned that being unwise move. Balbo anyway dismissed him. Later Mussolini resigned from his office but kept his place at Grand Council of Fascists. In 1975 he supported his brother-in-law and foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano to become new duce after assassination of Balbo. Mussolini was strong supporter of Ciano's politics and supported transition to democracy. In 1979 he was elected to parliament of Italy. Mussolini anyway remained strong supporter of fascism. He died from stroke in 2000.
Romano Mussolini (1927 - 2006)
Romano Mussolini was Benito Mussolini's youngest son and last of his child who was alive prior of Romano's death. Romano created career as musician. He was never intrested about military issues or politics unlike his older brothers. Romano Mussolini was mostly intrested about Jazz but he mixed to the genre lot of Italian influence. Him became pretty popular around the world and worked with several famous musicians. He was quiet active yet at his old days and died from heart attack in Rome.
The Waffen-SS Trails were the 1st of the Subsequent Thirteen Nuremburg Trails which occurred after the end of the main Nuremburg Trails. These trails took place between May 1, 1946 and December 1, 1946, and were the trails of various Waffen-SS commanders, including those who took part in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, during which numerous war crimes and atrocities against Jews and other civilians took place, and the German Civil War, during which the Waffen-SS fought against the German Wehrmacht and Western Allies and released chemical weapons on Allied forces during the Battle of Berlin (IITL due to the German Civil War and the SS invasions of Hungary and Italy, there was more of an incentive to try Waffen-SS Commanders for crimes against humanity). The judgements were handed down on December 1, 1946 and the executions were carried out on October 19, 1947. In the final judgments, all of the below commanders who were executed were found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, including atrocities against Jews and other civilians. SS-Oberführer Oskar Dirlewanger, the most infamous SS divisional commander, could not be tried because he died in battle during the Battle of Berlin.
Judgements:
SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer Josef "Sepp" Dietrich: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy and leading an SS Corps during the Battle of Berlin, and for war crimes.
SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer Paul Hausser: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy and leading an SS Corps during the Battle of Berlin, and for war crimes.
SS-Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War and the Battle of Berlin.
SS-Obergruppenführer Theodor Eicke: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, and for war crimes, and also for his key role in establishing the Nazi concentration camp network during the 1930s.
SS-Obergruppenführer Herbert Otto Gille: Death by hanging for war crimes during the invasions of Hungary and Italy and the German Civil War.
SS-Obergruppenführer Matthias Kleinheisterkamp: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War and the Battle of Berlin.
SS-Obergruppenführer Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War, also for war crimes committed in the General Government/German-Occupied Poland.
SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Lammerding: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, and for war crimes.
SS-Gruppenführer Max Simon: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Gruppenführer Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld: Death by hanging for war crimes against the Western Allies and Free German Army.
SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, the German Civil War, the Battle of Berlin, and for war crimes.
SS-Brigadeführer Otto Kumm: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, the German Civil War and the Battle of Berlin, and for war crimes.
SS-Brigadeführer Joachim Rumohr: Death by hanging for war crimes on the Eastern Front and Germany.
SS-Brigadeführer Kurt Meyer: Death by hanging for war crimes in Normandy and Germany.
SS-Brigadeführer Fritz Von Scholz: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer Sylvester Stadler: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer Jürgen Wagner: Death by hanging for war crimes in Germany during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer Werner Ostendorff: Death by hanging for war crimes in Germany during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer August Schmidhuber: Death by hanging for war crimes in Italy and during the Battle of Trieste.
SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Trabandt: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War. He died in prison on September 19, 1965.
SS-Brigadeführer Joachim Zeigler: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer August Zehender: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Oberführer Otto Baum: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Oberführer Josef Fitzhum: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Obersturmbannführer Conrad Schellong: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
Waffen-Gruppenführer József Grassy and Waffen-Oberführer László Deák were tried by the Hungarian government and were executed in Budapest on March 15, 1948. SS-Standartenführer Leon Degrelle was tried by the Belgian government on was executed on July 1, 1945. Waffen-Oberführer Egard Puaud was tried and executed by the French government on April 30, 1945. SS-Obersturmbannführer Meinoud Marinus Rost van Tonningen was tried and executed by the Dutch government on December 9, 1945.
Joachim Zeigler, August Zehender, Otto Baum, Josef Fitzhum and Conrad Schellong were all released from prison on December1, 1966. Zeigler moved back to Hanau and died on June 9, 1978 at the age of 73. Zehender moved to Frieberg and died on November 16, 2000 at the age of 97, the last living Waffen-SS Divisional Commander. Otto Baum returned to Hechingen and died there on February 22, 1996 at the age of 84. Fitzhum moved to Berlin, with the Austrian government refusing to give him residency, and he died there on October 31, 1972 a the age of 76. Schellong moved to Leipzig and died on May 1, 1989 at the age of 79.
~~~~~~~~~~~
List of Waffen-SS Divisional Commanders
1st SS Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler": Josef "Sepp" Dietrich (8/15/1938-9/1/1944) [1], SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke (9/1/44-11/4/1944)
2nd SS Division "Das Reich": Same as OTL until 1944, Heinz Lammerding (21/10/1943-10/1/1944), Otto Kumm (10/1/1944-11/4/1944)
3rd SS Division "Totenkopf" Same as OTL until 1941; Theodor Eicke (9/19/1941-11/4/1944)
4th SS Polizei Division: Same as OTL until 11/4/1944.
5th SS Panzer Division "Wiking": Same as OTL until 1944, with Herbet Otto Gille as final CO.
6th SS Mountain Division "Nord": Same as OTL until 1944, with Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger as final CO.
7th SS Cavalry Division "Florian Geyer": Same as OTL until 1944, with Joachim Rumohr as final CO.
8th SS Panzer Division "Hohenstaufen": Same as OTL until 1944, with Sylvester Stadler as final CO.
9th SS Panzer Division "Frundsberg": Same as OTL until 1944, with Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld as final CO.
10th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland": Same as OTL until 1944, with Fritz von Scholz as final CO.
11th SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend": Same as OTL until 1944, with Kurt Meyer as final CO.
12th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian or Galician): Same as OTL until 1943, Fritz Frietag (10/20/1943-5/10/1944)[2], Pavlo Shandruk (5/10/1944)
13th SS Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Lithuanian): Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig (3/1/1943-5/14/1944)[3] Povilas Plechavičius (5/14/1944)
14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian): Same as OTL until 1944, Nikolaus Heilmann (2/17/1944-5/15/1944)[4], Rūdolfs Bangerskis (5/15/1944)
15th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Reichsführer-SS": Same as OTL until 1944, Max Simon (10/3/1944-7/1/1944)[5], Otto Baum (7/1/-11/4/1944)
16th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Götz von Berlichingen": Same as OTL until 1944, with Werner Ostendorff as final CO.
17th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Horst Wessel": Wilhelm Trabandt (10/12/1943-11/4/1944)
18th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian): Hinrich Schuldt (10/14/1943-5/15/1944)[4]
19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian): Franz Augsberger (10/15/1943-5/20/1944)[6]
20th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division "Maria Theresia": August Zehender (11/1/1943-11/4/1944)
21st SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nederland" (1st Dutch): Same as OTL, with Jürgen Wagner as final CO from 11/10/1943.
22nd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS (Karstjäger): August Schmidhuber (12/1/1943-11/4/1944)
23rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hunyadi" (1st Hungarian): József Grassy (1/1-11/4/1944)
24th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hungaria" (2nd Hungarian): László Deák (1/1-11/4/1944)
25th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division [5]: Otto Kumm (1/24-11/4/1944)
26th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Langemarck" (1st Flemish) [6]: Conrad Schellong (2/10-11/4/1944)
27th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Wallonien" [6]: Léon Degrelle (2/10-11/4/1944)
28th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division of the SS "Charlemange" (1st French) [6] Egard Puaud (2/10-11/4/1944)
29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Estonian): Gustav Lombard (2/15-5/20/1944)[6], Alfons Rebane (5/20/1944)
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st White Russian): Hans Seigling (3/1-5/26/1944)[7]
32nd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Landstorm Nederland": Meinoud Marinus Rost van Tonningen (4/9/1944-11/4/1944)
33rd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "30 Januar" [10]: Joachim Zeigler
34th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS [11]: Oskar Dirlewanger
35th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Nibelungen" [10]: Josef Fitzhum
[1] Took command of the SS Corp that would later defend Berlin.
[2] Killed by Ukrainian mutineers.
[3] Killed by Lithuanian mutineers.
[4] Killed by Latvian mutineers.
[5] Took command of SS Corps that fought against the Free German Army.
[6] Killed by Estonian mutineers.
[7] Killed by Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian and Polish mutineers.
Judgements:
SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer Josef "Sepp" Dietrich: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy and leading an SS Corps during the Battle of Berlin, and for war crimes.
SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer Paul Hausser: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy and leading an SS Corps during the Battle of Berlin, and for war crimes.
SS-Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War and the Battle of Berlin.
SS-Obergruppenführer Theodor Eicke: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, and for war crimes, and also for his key role in establishing the Nazi concentration camp network during the 1930s.
SS-Obergruppenführer Herbert Otto Gille: Death by hanging for war crimes during the invasions of Hungary and Italy and the German Civil War.
SS-Obergruppenführer Matthias Kleinheisterkamp: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War and the Battle of Berlin.
SS-Obergruppenführer Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War, also for war crimes committed in the General Government/German-Occupied Poland.
SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Lammerding: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, and for war crimes.
SS-Gruppenführer Max Simon: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Gruppenführer Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld: Death by hanging for war crimes against the Western Allies and Free German Army.
SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, the German Civil War, the Battle of Berlin, and for war crimes.
SS-Brigadeführer Otto Kumm: Death by hanging for his role in the invasions of Hungary and Italy, the German Civil War and the Battle of Berlin, and for war crimes.
SS-Brigadeführer Joachim Rumohr: Death by hanging for war crimes on the Eastern Front and Germany.
SS-Brigadeführer Kurt Meyer: Death by hanging for war crimes in Normandy and Germany.
SS-Brigadeführer Fritz Von Scholz: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer Sylvester Stadler: Death by hanging for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer Jürgen Wagner: Death by hanging for war crimes in Germany during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer Werner Ostendorff: Death by hanging for war crimes in Germany during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer August Schmidhuber: Death by hanging for war crimes in Italy and during the Battle of Trieste.
SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Trabandt: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War. He died in prison on September 19, 1965.
SS-Brigadeführer Joachim Zeigler: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Brigadeführer August Zehender: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Oberführer Otto Baum: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Oberführer Josef Fitzhum: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
SS-Obersturmbannführer Conrad Schellong: Twenty years in prison for war crimes during the German Civil War.
Waffen-Gruppenführer József Grassy and Waffen-Oberführer László Deák were tried by the Hungarian government and were executed in Budapest on March 15, 1948. SS-Standartenführer Leon Degrelle was tried by the Belgian government on was executed on July 1, 1945. Waffen-Oberführer Egard Puaud was tried and executed by the French government on April 30, 1945. SS-Obersturmbannführer Meinoud Marinus Rost van Tonningen was tried and executed by the Dutch government on December 9, 1945.
Joachim Zeigler, August Zehender, Otto Baum, Josef Fitzhum and Conrad Schellong were all released from prison on December1, 1966. Zeigler moved back to Hanau and died on June 9, 1978 at the age of 73. Zehender moved to Frieberg and died on November 16, 2000 at the age of 97, the last living Waffen-SS Divisional Commander. Otto Baum returned to Hechingen and died there on February 22, 1996 at the age of 84. Fitzhum moved to Berlin, with the Austrian government refusing to give him residency, and he died there on October 31, 1972 a the age of 76. Schellong moved to Leipzig and died on May 1, 1989 at the age of 79.
~~~~~~~~~~~
List of Waffen-SS Divisional Commanders
1st SS Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler": Josef "Sepp" Dietrich (8/15/1938-9/1/1944) [1], SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke (9/1/44-11/4/1944)
2nd SS Division "Das Reich": Same as OTL until 1944, Heinz Lammerding (21/10/1943-10/1/1944), Otto Kumm (10/1/1944-11/4/1944)
3rd SS Division "Totenkopf" Same as OTL until 1941; Theodor Eicke (9/19/1941-11/4/1944)
4th SS Polizei Division: Same as OTL until 11/4/1944.
5th SS Panzer Division "Wiking": Same as OTL until 1944, with Herbet Otto Gille as final CO.
6th SS Mountain Division "Nord": Same as OTL until 1944, with Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger as final CO.
7th SS Cavalry Division "Florian Geyer": Same as OTL until 1944, with Joachim Rumohr as final CO.
8th SS Panzer Division "Hohenstaufen": Same as OTL until 1944, with Sylvester Stadler as final CO.
9th SS Panzer Division "Frundsberg": Same as OTL until 1944, with Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld as final CO.
10th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nordland": Same as OTL until 1944, with Fritz von Scholz as final CO.
11th SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend": Same as OTL until 1944, with Kurt Meyer as final CO.
12th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian or Galician): Same as OTL until 1943, Fritz Frietag (10/20/1943-5/10/1944)[2], Pavlo Shandruk (5/10/1944)
13th SS Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Lithuanian): Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig (3/1/1943-5/14/1944)[3] Povilas Plechavičius (5/14/1944)
14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian): Same as OTL until 1944, Nikolaus Heilmann (2/17/1944-5/15/1944)[4], Rūdolfs Bangerskis (5/15/1944)
15th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Reichsführer-SS": Same as OTL until 1944, Max Simon (10/3/1944-7/1/1944)[5], Otto Baum (7/1/-11/4/1944)
16th SS Panzergrenadier Division "Götz von Berlichingen": Same as OTL until 1944, with Werner Ostendorff as final CO.
17th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Horst Wessel": Wilhelm Trabandt (10/12/1943-11/4/1944)
18th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian): Hinrich Schuldt (10/14/1943-5/15/1944)[4]
19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian): Franz Augsberger (10/15/1943-5/20/1944)[6]
20th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division "Maria Theresia": August Zehender (11/1/1943-11/4/1944)
21st SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "Nederland" (1st Dutch): Same as OTL, with Jürgen Wagner as final CO from 11/10/1943.
22nd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS (Karstjäger): August Schmidhuber (12/1/1943-11/4/1944)
23rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hunyadi" (1st Hungarian): József Grassy (1/1-11/4/1944)
24th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hungaria" (2nd Hungarian): László Deák (1/1-11/4/1944)
25th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division [5]: Otto Kumm (1/24-11/4/1944)
26th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Langemarck" (1st Flemish) [6]: Conrad Schellong (2/10-11/4/1944)
27th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Wallonien" [6]: Léon Degrelle (2/10-11/4/1944)
28th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division of the SS "Charlemange" (1st French) [6] Egard Puaud (2/10-11/4/1944)
29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Estonian): Gustav Lombard (2/15-5/20/1944)[6], Alfons Rebane (5/20/1944)
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st White Russian): Hans Seigling (3/1-5/26/1944)[7]
32nd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Landstorm Nederland": Meinoud Marinus Rost van Tonningen (4/9/1944-11/4/1944)
33rd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "30 Januar" [10]: Joachim Zeigler
34th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS [11]: Oskar Dirlewanger
35th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "Nibelungen" [10]: Josef Fitzhum
[1] Took command of the SS Corp that would later defend Berlin.
[2] Killed by Ukrainian mutineers.
[3] Killed by Lithuanian mutineers.
[4] Killed by Latvian mutineers.
[5] Took command of SS Corps that fought against the Free German Army.
[6] Killed by Estonian mutineers.
[7] Killed by Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian and Polish mutineers.
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Colin Powell served long time in army and was one of most succesful Afro-Americans on American military forces. Him had several foreign posts around the world through 1960's and 1970's. In years 1981 - 1983 he worked as military advisor on Edward Brooke's administration. In 1984 he run to congress and was elected to House of Representative as Republican from state of New York. He was one of most notable oppontents for president Pat Robertson's politics. He too proposed several social security intiatives.
In 1992 he decided seek presidency and was elected as major candidate. Powell managed to defeat his Fredomite opponent being second Afro-American elected as president of the United States.re One of his first acts was enacting of even further sanctions towards South Africa and he too prohibited importing of South African products. These sanctions are still around yet in 2020's. Powell too intervened to some crisis in Africa. His presidency too saw better relationships with European countries and Israel which were bit frozened during Robertson's presidency. During his first term Powell made some reforms on social security and health service system. He too managed open doors of army for LGTB people altough him had compromise with Freedomites that them should stay at closet there. Powell's successor McCain anyway fixed this thing later so that homosexuals can be openly homosexuals. Powell faced too much opposition from Freedomites. Freedomite senator Jesse Helms even gone as shameless that he outright claimed that Powell, whose parents were immigrants from Jamaica, wouldn't had been natural-born citizens. But he hadn't much of success there. Powell had too some disputes over budget and occassionally Freedomites managed block things so badly that federal state couldn't pay wages to workers.
In 1996 Powell was re-elected as president. His second term gone quiet well and it was pretty uneventful. Economy too was good. Powell left the office in 2001 quiet popular president and nowadays he is regarded as one of best American presidents after end of Cold War.
Heres a world alliances map for 2020.
Hopefully everything is correct. If there any mistakes, please let me know.
Hopefully everything is correct. If there any mistakes, please let me know.
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