António de Oliveira Salazar was long time prime minister and dictator of Portugal. Despite his some sympathies towards fascist nations he maintained neutrality and close relations with centuries old ally, Britain through WW2. He anyway entered to the war side of Allies in 1959. Altough Portugal was part of allies it wasn't accepted as full member of United Nations due its colonial empire and authotarian government. Downfall of Salazar and his Estado Novo begun soon after end of the war. Firstly Portugal had give Goa to India in 1962. Two years later independence movement rose in remaining colonial empire. Salazar sent troops but soon United Nations gave full support to Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique and East Timor. It was made Salazar clearly that Portugal will be at war against A4 if it not accept their independence. Salazar had not other option as agree. Furthermore Portuguese economy begun to collapse due trade blockade and poor economical management. These just caused even futher opposition and many cities saw demonstrations and riots. Salazar tried call army to put these down but it didn't accept such thing and Salazar had step down. Soon after his resignation in 1966 Portugal saw its first fair and free elections in many years.
Mário Soares was most notapble opponent of Salazar's regime in 1960's. When Salazar was enforced to step down, Soares and his Socialist Party won first democratic elections in several years and acted as prime minister of Portugal. During his premiership in years 1966 - 1973 Portugal saw economic boost, better relationships with Western nations, normalisation of relationships with former colonies and Portugal became full-member of the United Nations in 1967. He too was one of major creators of constitution of Third Portuguese Republic. Portugal became liberal and democratic modern nation which begun to create working social security system and helped rights of working people. His government too helped to boost status of women and homosexuality was decriminalised. Death penalty was too abolished.
Soares acted as president of Portugal in years 1976 - 1986. His presidency saw more progress for the nation altough office of president of Portugal is mostly ceremonial. Even yet his later years Soares was active commentator of politics.