If they will not meet us on the open sea (a Trent TL)

Saphroneth

Banned
Whoops! Correction to any earlier mentions of foot-tons per inch - that measure actually uses foot tons per inch of circumference, not diameter.

It's still a linear relationship, there's just a matter of pi in the equation - which is probably why I was overcalculating the penetration of the Prussian weapons a few pages back. My calculated results using my excel sheet have the correct formula.
 

Saphroneth

Banned
As an additional note, I'd like to report that I've seen a suggestion that the DuPont shipment of saltpetre of OTL (which was circa 9 million lbs) was not the only import of saltpetre the Union recieved OTL in the first half of 1862 from the British Empire.

If so this would be very bad news for the Union even compared to TTL in the event of a Trent war - because TTL the Union was just running dry on reserve powder at the ceasefire (that is, it had run out of spare powder and everything was with the armies).
If in fact the Union imported much in the way of powder or powder materials, then it would be suffering powder dearth sooner and more harshly. This has obvious implications for the state of the Union in any Trent war!

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mV5HAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA955#v=onepage&q&f=false



Look down a few pages and you see that in 1862 the Union imported "3,189 tons" of saltpetre from Britain (the DuPont purchase?), and also directly imported from India another 7,400 tons of saltpetre. Any way you slice it, that suggests over 10,000 tons (i.e. 23 million lbs) of saltpetre was imported by the Union, and one suspects that this did not preferentially take place in the second half of the year.


The Union also imported at least 343,000 small arms in 1862. This strongly supports the contention that the small arms imports of the Union to 30 June 1862 took place in 1862 and not in 1861.
 
15 April - 5 May 1864

Saphroneth

Banned
15 April

The American Bible Society's northern chapters bends to the wishes of the American Anti-Slavery Society, and begins to distribute bibles to slaves in Delaware, eastern Maryland and Missouri.
This is taken by the southern (Confederate) chapters as evidence of bowing to the will of politically motivated religious thinkers, and the society increasingly splits at the national border.


17 April

The Pussian General Staff completes an assessment of the recent mobilization.

Their overall conclusion is that the speed of the mobilization has been good, and that the field divisions worked quite well. Based on some evidence it is decided that the approach of integrated battalions seems to work best - that is, each battalion consists of both regular and landwehr companies - though in some cases a given brigade may wish to use homogenous battalions, such as for assault purposes.
What is more important, however, is that the command structure has worked well, and that the artillery in particular has proven superb. This conclusion especially is released to the Reichstag, whereupon there is much in the way of smug speeches about the superiority of Prussian artillerymen and of German engineering.



18 April

Early attempts by the Russian Army to identify a route of approach to attack Poland are stymied by the Polish regular army - assisted by their able huszaia piechota and other skirmish forces.
Unlike the previous year, this time the Polish forces have a fairly coherent grip on their eastern frontiers - and while their regular troops still leave something to be desired, their specialists make the situaton hard to handle.


23 April

The Kingdom of Greece formally takes possession of the United States (of the Ionian Islands).

24 April

Emperor Maximilien strongly suggests that a comprehensive land reform law be worked out. His preference is for the rights of the peasants (which in theory are better than in practice) to have much more legal force to them, something which the conservatives in his cabinet are not really able to object to (or, at least, not able to object to and explain why they are).


26 April

The arguments in the Republican party look set to continue. Fremont is clearly angling for the nomination, though he is not the only one (Butler seems to be preparing to throw his hat into the ring) and seems to be attempting to corner the abolitionist vote by way of what could be called a "purity test".
The New York Herald, meanwhile, suggests attacking Canada while it is weak. Nobody is surprised.


29 April

The Sejm formally rejects a resolution that Galicia is an integral part of Poland. (Behind the scenes this was quite a close debate, but most of the factions ultimately agreed that making an enemy of Austria would be a bad idea.)
This does not entirely allay Austrian suspicions, but does look good internationally.


1 May

The Mediterranean Station lays a minefield across the Grand Harbour of Malta. Over the next few days they will sweep it, with both their specialized minesweeping gunboats and with less purpose-built equipment (including oilskin divers).
This is the first of what will become a yearly tradition, conducted with live mines (though only using very small training charges).


2 May

Conclusion of the Waikato Campaign. Though fighting is still going on in New Zealand in the form of the Taranaki War, this becomes a diminuendo over time.


4 May

Reed examines the combat reports of the Rolf Krake (translated from Danish) and determines that the turret system of carrying guns does indeed show the expected benefits - and costs.
He also notes that, while additional armour around the gunports is potentially helpful, the forgings required to cast a single piece of iron with varying thickness (for best resistance) might be difficult.



5 May

Darwin proposes to Mendel an experiemental demonstration into how the process of evolution might affect a given species.
In this experiment, Mendel would grow several generations of pea plants. Each generation would have their seeds harvested, ten percent of the seeds from a given phenotypic group removed, and then the seeds for the next generation would be randomly selected.
Darwin feels that this would accurately simulate a case of a small advantage becoming more prominent over the course of generations.
 
6-17 May 1864

Saphroneth

Banned
6 May

The Confederate Congress votes to continue the construction of the Washington Monument, though the funding they provide for this is such that the work on the monument is guaranteed to be slow - very slow, such that completion is expected not to take place until 1871. (There is a general sense it would be a nice tenth anniversary marker, though.)
There is a strand of thought that the Confederate government should shift to Washington itself, but already Richmond has gained a certain inertia - and the safe-looking rivers between Richmond and Pennsylvania make it look rather less vulnerable than Washington does.


8 May

The French government notes that the fast assault supported by a base of skilled rifle fire is still a viable tactic. They are content with this, using the term "élan" a lot.


9 May

A report is produced by the Confederate Nitre Board setting out a series of measures to take in the event of a future war including a full blockade - including cave mining and setting up nitre beds.
The board strongly recommends a stockpile of a certain size be maintained, as being the minimum necessary to carry the country over until the local sources of nitre can take over.


11 May

North and South are both somewhat advanced on their transcontinental railroad projects, which are considered strategically very important. The North has the advantage of having already surveyed most of the route, and the additional advantage that it is not trying to do this difficult task while also regauging half the network as the South is - though the South has the countervailing advantage that most of the regauging work is a State issue and so the Confederate Government can focus on this as their big infrastructure project.
PGT Beauregard insists that there should be a national conversation about the Mississippi levees; few others listen.


14 May

Austrian delegates to the German Confederation ask why the Prussians have not assisted in putting down the Polish Revolt. In reply, the Prussians point out that the Polish "republic of nobles" (which is essentially Congress Poland plus some few areas of Lithuania it has managed to solidify control of) does not have any current territorial ambitions towards German lands, and stress that the Russian encroachment on Polish rights is the true cause of the current upheaval.
They further state that Poland has not been recognized as independent as yet; they merely recognize it as a belligerent.

The Austrians are not pleased.


16 May

Viscount Palmerston (currently 79) rides ten miles along the British coastline inspecting some of the forts bearing his name, having never really gotten the hang of the "old age" concept.


17 May

In a private meeting in New York City, McClellan (who has spent the day inspecting the damage to the Narrows forts and the afternoon praising the New York militia for their comparative efficiency, though also stressing that the greatest city of the United States deserves to be in a state of defence) secures the support of the Democratic delegates for the presidential nomination.
 

Saphroneth

Banned
Hmmm... it might be time for a filibustering expedition (or two!) to crop up.

Mexico's probably too hard a target - there's more than a division of French troops, though the upheaval in Chihuahua and the other border provinces might prompt someone to try and blag a city or two...
The Spanish islands are the kind of target the Confederacy's filibuster men would be interested in - Puerto Rico, say. (Fitzugh might be quite willing to chance it - perhaps he'd take along a few hundred Indians with a hankering for hatchet work to go with his good ol'boys.)
There was an OTL one to Canada (actually about five) and the timetable for these might be stepped up a bit. I wonder how Palmerston would react to Irish Americans with potential clandestine US support invading Canada! (Come to that, I wonder how the US electoral contest would react to it...)
Hawaii might also be a target, though it'd be a very ambitious one indeed.
And maybe someone from the CSA would just try to blag a Central/Latin American country or two.
 
Some more good updates, I'm particularly enjoying the segments on Darwin and Mendel.
Ditto, also in our time, the Irish Americans caused a lot of "bother" for the border troops and militia. Looking forward to how you handle that issue here.
Also I can see the headlines:

WAR!

AMERICA ATTACKS PEARL HARBOUR
Many dead including the Japanese Trade Minister and his party!
 
19-31 May 1864

Saphroneth

Banned
19 May

A Ronin-led revolt erupts in Mito, Japan, in support of the Sonno Joui policy.
In response, the Shogun orders that a hefty force be concentrated so as to extinguish this rebellion - it is quite near Edo, and presents a major challenge to Shogunal authority. The force is to be equipped with the heavy cannon from Ushidoshi Maru (specifically her four 110-lber Armstrong breechloaders) as part of a policy of "overawing the rebels".


20 May

The Bakfu discreetly inquires of the British representative as to the cost of more 110 pounder ammunition.

22 May

The #5 test breech for the 7" Armstrong-Elswick Gun having performed satisfactorily on the test piece, approval is given for a further set of tests at Shoeburyness.
Armstrong is pleased at this, as - in anticipation of the move - he has produced an additional four guns to the same design. (He feels optimistic about this one.)



25 May

George Fitzugh and a small group of Golden Circle Knights begin recruiting (not particularly discreetly) in various Confederate states for veterans willing to go on a military adventure to an unspecified location. Rather surprising Jesse James (recruiter in Arkansas) is that nearly two hundred Indians sign up in short order, mostly young men seeing an opportunity for honour overseas.



27 May

The Shoeburyness tests of the Armstrong-Elswick 7" gun begin.

The first test involves finding the maximum safe powder load, and to this end the test gun is fired with gradually increasing powder charges (an increase of 2 lb for each point in the sequence, with five fires per point). The gun (serial number 7) performs very well under this strain, with the gun finally bursting at 46 lbs of powder after an increasingly loud day and the breech still operational at the end of the process.

While 46 pounds is too high (and indeed the serial number 8 suffers cracks after four firings at this powder charge) 30 to 35 lbs of powder is considered quite possible at the outside, and the service charge is designated temporarily at thirty lbs of powder. If this causes #9 or #10 to fail in tests, the charge will be reduced.


Thus designated, the testing begins.

The 7" gun proves able to pierce the Warrior target at great range (800 to 1000 yards using Palliser) and Armstrong is reported as being relieved and gratified at this performance - he has finally cracked the problem of the armour-piercing breech-loading gun, it seems.
Unfortunately, later results in testing mar this somewhat, as it is noted that the lands of the rifling are becoming overly coated with lead - the higher velocity of the rounds compared to the previous Armstrong system has exacerbated the problem of the rifling system, and indeed serial number 9 is to some extent becoming a smoothbore.
Despite this issue, Armstrong is still inclined to see this as a qualified success - the breech is strong enough to withstand the demands being placed upon it, which is his main concern.



28 May

The serial number 9 gun is tested again at Shoeburyness, in order to determine maximum range from a level platform, and the rifling problem shows its severity in dramatic fashion when a common shell bursts in the muzzle (as the lead impinges on the shell body too much). Fortunately nobody is seriously hurt, but the gun is badly damaged as a result.

Red-faced, Armstrong agrees that the rifling definitely needs major work.

The final tests conducted for the day involve the mechanism of the breech, and speed of firing. It is found that the breech is overly cumbersome, requiring a great deal of effort to open or close under the current system, and that this affects the rate of fire - a comparable gun using the old system fired twice as fast.

Taken together, Armstrong views the two-day testing sequence a qualified success. The items on his agenda are to make the breech easier and quicker to use without compromising the solidity, and to improve the rifling system with which the shell engages.


31 May

The Shogunal army skirmishes with the Sonnou Joui force around Mito. The rebels fall back quickly when they come under 110-lber fire, retreating into dead ground, and slip away under cover of evening.
 
Along with the filibustering what about some Confederate blackbirding expeditions, everyone knows Negro's are happiest in slavery. Perhaps Jamaica?
 

Saphroneth

Banned
Along with the filibustering what about some Confederate blackbirding expeditions, everyone knows Negro's are happiest in slavery. Perhaps Jamaica?
That would probably end very badly for them when HMS Troubridge violently objects (or, alternatively, another Confederate state gets invaded unless it gives everyone back).


As an incidental aside, the breech being used here by Armstrong is fictional - I do not know enough about the breeches of the time to describe it. Hopefully the issues described make a fair deal of sense, though.

The performance of the gun is based on the OTL RML 7" gun, as is the powder charge - though there's some inefficiencies that weren't in the OTL weapon, chiefly friction in the rifling lands, so it's getting a 22 lb (MK I) performance using 30 lb (MK III) of powder. This means that there's room for growth if the rifling can be resolved.
 

Ryan

Donor
Along with the filibustering what about some Confederate blackbirding expeditions, everyone knows Negro's are happiest in slavery. Perhaps Jamaica?

Jamaica belongs to Britain. I would think that by this point the unionists and confederates have learned that challenging Britain isn't worth it.
 
Jamaica belongs to Britain. I would think that by this point the unionists and confederates have learned that challenging Britain isn't worth it.

Not an official or sanctioned action but an unscrupulous group contemplating a quick razzia may think they can get away with it, especially if they leave no witnesses. OTL is full of stories of young men post civil war drifting west and becoming violent outlaws. The same impulse that caused disaffected veterans to form gangs back then or motorcycle gangs post WWII would be at work. Those would be the ones being recruited for filibustering in any event and I can easily see some of those groups getting totally out of control.
 
Jamaica belongs to Britain. I would think that by this point the unionists and confederates have learned that challenging Britain isn't worth it.

While my tongue was slightly in check and Jamaica isn't the closest or most attractive target it never pays to underestimate stupidity
 

Saphroneth

Banned
It looks like the most tempting target is actually Santo Dominico - there's something of a war going on there!
Interesting question, how tempting the deal would be to the Dominican leaders - a thousand or so well-armed and experienced men with a gunboat and a few cannon might be a very significant force, but these mercenaries might also charge the entire territory.
 
2-23 June 1864

Saphroneth

Banned
2 June

Shogunal forces take light losses skirmishing with the Mito rebels, including an incident where three Mito men attempt a charge while shouting "ten thousand years for the Emperor". As the rest of the force do not share their conviction, the Mito Ronin are quickly shot down.
While this takes place, the 110-lber Armstrongs are moved into better positions - slowly, and by dint of much effort.


4 June

HMS Achilles completes for sea. She will serve on the North America and West Indies station for her first commission, and is intended to be part of a long-term test as to whether the current anti-fouling regime for iron hulls will work for long periods of time spent in foreign waters.


7 June

Under pressure from Shogunal forces - including a company of Shinsengumi armed with rifles for the field - the Mito rebels retreat into the damaged Mito Castle (abandoned by those who would normally live there due to the fighting in the area).
Upon hearing of this, the Shogun orders that the castle be surrounded and picketed, and that the 110 pounder rifles be positioned to bombard it - seeing a powerful opportunity to make a statement.


11 June

After a dispute over hiring fees, Fitzugh has contracted the services of both a small former CSN gunboat and sufficient transport capacity to transport his 700-odd adventurers to his intended destination - the war-torn island of Hispanola.

12 June

Queen Victoria writes a letter to her son-in-law, where she states that she admires the restraint shown by Prussia in the recent dispute.
Also on this date, Roon issues a circular on the Prussian Army. He states simply that everything about it is terrible and that it should use his system instead - it is suspected he was somewhat drunk when he wrote it, but unfortunately it was sent off before he sobered up.
The issue becomes a minor scandal, but nobody actually loses their jobs over it.


14 June

After several days of preparation, the Armstrong guns of the Shogunate open fire. Their shells are highly destructive to the walls of Mito castle, deranging the stonework or in some cases passing right through the packed-earth sections of the walls before detonating, and the rebels surrender (somewhat stunned) within a few hours.
The main exception is a dozen particularly fanatical men who refuse to surrender with the rest.


16 June

Armstrong makes the decision to use the same rifling method as the RML 7" stopgap guns, instead of his own Armstrong rifling - this means the new guns use the "Woolwich" rifling system - in order to simplify development. For this purpose he simply has one of his new gun blanks bored by the RML 7" borer.
To the resultant gun is added a much longer lever to give greater leverage, again as a stopgap, and this new gun - the serial number 12 - is booked in for another set of tests at Shoeburyness as soon as practical. (The testing field is currently in use by other experimenters.)


17 June

A sequence of tests demonstrate that armour penetration with current projectiles can to a first approximation be modelled as a matter of energy - the projectile requires a certain amount of work (in foot-tons) per inch of circumference to penetrate a given armour scheme - and that this means that a high velocity, heavy projectile from a small calibre gun is the most preferable for penetrating (though the amount of damage done by a bursting charge means a larger projectile is desired, and of course a larger gun can carry much more powder).


19 June

Fitzugh's band of adventurers lands in Santo Dominico, and makes itself known to the rebels on the island - offering their assistance, in return for pay.
Since Fitzugh not only has several hundred well armed troops but also a number of field guns (including two Whitworth rifles of questionably legal provenance) he is not turned away out of hand - but the concept of filibustering has been heard of here, so there are several days of debate on whether to employ his services.


22 June

The Armstrong-Elswick 7" rifle #12 is tested for ergonomics. It proves reliable, with no noticeable degredation in the rifling after fifty rounds fired at a high rate, and the loading speed is much closer to the old 110 pounder.
In order to test that the rifling switch has caused no particular degredation in performance, the same test as performed the previous month takes place with the Warrior target placed at the appropriate range.
The results are nothing short of startling - instead of having a penetration which results in the Palliser projectile bursting in the backing, the round goes completely through the Warrior target and bursts on the other side.
To verify this result, another projectile is fired - this time a Palliser round filled with sand - and a similar result is seen; to whit, the armour has been penetrated at battle range with considerable remaining energy.

It is later found that the previous iteration of the rifle was losing far more velocity than expected from the bite of the rifling, and that this is closer to the 'true' effectiveness that should be expected with the powder load and projectile dimensions. Everyone is impressed - except Reed, who has already realized that this means he will need to uprate his expectations of what armour is required to fight modern guns.

Armstrong is asked for as many guns of this pattern as possible as fast as possible - the weight is greater than the 110 lber or the 68 lber, but they can replace them on very roughly a four for five basis - and admits that the #12 is actually more properly a new test type, so it will take a while to set up a new production line (as well as fine-tuning the breech opening system). He also says he suspects that a much larger gun of this basic design may be practical, news which makes Cowper Coles (observing) visibly excited at the prospect of such a powerful gun to load into a turret.

The gun is formally designated the Armstrong-Elswick RBL 120-lber, or the Armstrong-Elswick RBL 7 inch.


23 June

The Republican National Convention convenes in Columbus, Ohio.
There are bitter arguments taking place, with no one faction obviously dominant and the inital balloting producing significant delegate counts for no fewer than four prospective candidates - Fremont, Blair, Butler and Bates.

Fitzugh is taken up on his offer after rumors of Spanish reinforcements landing on Hispaniola.
 
Last edited:

Skallagrim

Banned
The Republican National Convention convenes in Columbus, Ohio.
There are bitter arguments taking place, with no one faction obviously dominant and the inital balloting producing significant delegate counts for no fewer than four nominees - Fremont, Blair, Butler and Bates.

Unless I really misunderstand the American political system, that should probably be "candidates" or "potential nominees". Presumably, only one of them will eventually be nominated. (Unless the party splits...!)
 
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