If they will not meet us on the open sea (a Trent TL)

Can we get back to discussing the TL, rather than making comments on another (ex-)poster (regardless of (y)our feelings about him)?

@Saphroneth: My knowledge of USA politics of this period is next-to-non-existent, but given the way that problems both great and small tended to create/split/destroy political parties then (on both sides of the pond), I don't think it would be too implausible for either the upcoming campaign or the next one to see a 'new' party appearing in the USA. I suspect it would remain a two-party system, but what those parties are is up to you...;)

ps Happy New Year when it comes :)
 

Saphroneth

Banned
@Saphroneth: My knowledge of USA politics of this period is next-to-non-existent, but given the way that problems both great and small tended to create/split/destroy political parties then (on both sides of the pond), I don't think it would be too implausible for either the upcoming campaign or the next one to see a 'new' party appearing in the USA. I suspect it would remain a two-party system, but what those parties are is up to you...;)

ps Happy New Year when it comes :)
The tricky bit about that is that the Whig party just disintegrated a few years ago - the Republicans are brand new - and the Democrats have a real cracker of a platform going into this election. (Admittedly using cracker both in the "white" sense and the "potent" sense.)
 
5-10 February 1864

Saphroneth

Banned
5 February

Artillery fire commences on the Dannevirke, with the first day's firing dedicated largely to registering the guns.
The Krupp heavy pieces would trouble most modern forts at this range, and do serious damage to the nearest fortified position on the Dannevirke itself, with the Danish defenders taking light casualties but with the loss of four of the defending cannon - indeed, the reason for the light losses is that the Danes abandoned the position after it became clear that they could not materially affect the bombardment from their positions.

Despite this, the Danish commander is willing to continue to try and fight the position - specifically, he intends to (in a move inspired by the British actions of the Trent war) establish a base of fire by infiltrating troops over the Dannevirke overnight, into an area his cannon can command, and then direct long-range minie fire at the Krupp guns.


6 February

The Danish harassment attack is executed.
Results are poor - the Danes are not well experienced with range estimation or distant shooting, and many of their shots are hence wrongly aimed - but the bullets cause several casualties among the Prussian artillerymen and there is some considerable disruption caused.
Around lunchtime the Danes are driven back to their fortifications in disarray by an Oldenberg cavalry charge, though the Oldenbergers are in turn taken under effective cannister fire from the Dannevirke and leave several dead on the field.

In response to this the German forces deploy a light infantry screen further forwards, though this does leave them inside a range they can take attritional casualties from the Dannevirke defences.



9 February

Joseph Trudeau, a Louisiana militia sargeant, is found dead in his plantation house along with his wife, two children, and seven of his slaves (all dead to close-range rifle or bayonet attacks; the Enfield rifle used to kill the slaves is missing). There is evidence that his wife and teenaged daughter were mistreated before death.
The incident sparks outrage among Trudeau's regiment of militia, and considerable cognitive dissonance among the people of most of North America when they hear of it for one reason or another - for Joseph Trudeau's rank was in the Louisiana Native Guard, and his skin colour is as black as that of any of his slaves.

The other members of the 1 Louisiana NG start a search for the perpetrators (Trudeau's five other slaves are the prime suspects, though they cannot be found).


10 February

A Prussian probing attack on the frozen water obstacles on the right flank of the Dannevirke scores some success, with a battalion of mixed Landwehr and Regulars executing a bayonet charge to carry the Danish position.
The Prussian lodgement is precarious (and the sound is considered likely to thaw soon) but this only makes the task of Danish general de Meza harder. Having walked the terrain, he knows that the Danish defences here were actually somewhat more formidable than the Dannevirke itself - at least when troop density is considered - and that suggests to him that the Prussians can take his positions if they push it.
Accordingly, he activates the plan he requested be put together last month, which uses the road and the railway to pull back from the Dannevirke in favour of more constrained positions.
A rearguard is left, and de Meza's comment when asked whether Holstein regiments should be selected specifically to be left behind - "Danish is Danish, do not pay attention to origin" - is often quoted and misquoted in future, though in fact the rearguard does contain a higher than average proportion of 'German' soldiers.
 
Accordingly, he activates the plan he requested be put together last month, which uses the road and the railway to pull back from the Dannevirke in favour of more constrained positions.

Now the obvious question is how is the Danish Government going to react.
Has General de Meza convinced the Prime Minister of the genuine seriousness of the situation?
Historically he had to pull out his troops behind their backs, resulting in a lot of equipment being left behind un-needlessly, and the lack of trains meant the loss of his heavy guns. He informed the War Ministry of his intentions and then deliberately cut the Telegraph Wire.
Prime Minister Monrad (Honestly, he even sounds like a Bond Villain) immediately relieved him of command, despite the Army still moving into position at Dybbol.
 

Saphroneth

Banned
Yes, that is an interesting question. My personal thought is that there'll still be some irritation from the government, but that de Meza might be allowed to keep his position as there's a Prussian force flanking the line (albeit a very small one).
There's other effects, though - the railway helps the pull-out, but the fact there's German forces right up against the Dannevirke means that it's quite possible they'll be able to effect a pursuit.
 
11-17 February 1864

Saphroneth

Banned
11 February

The pull-out from the Dannevirke proceeds apace in the morning, with troops withdrawing from the areas furthest from the German contact in the early hours - in an attempt to prevent the German troops discovering the movement.
By lunchtime, the Germans have discovered the deception - though the works are already largely abandoned and most of the Danish army is on the way north - and a full attack is prepared, with the Prussians making ready to execute passage of lines to overcome the Danish defenders.
The artillery preparation is stepped up, focusing on doing damage to embrasures and to the forts, and the attacking troops are split into three waves (one division worth total, as compared to about 2,500 troops in this section of the Dannevirke - the need to cover the whole line to prevent cavalry slipping through has led to the rearguard being thinly spread, but this area has had the most attention).
At about 2pm, the order to advance is given. The Prussian artillery will continue firing until the assault troops are in the danger zone.


The attacking Prussian division has been selected as the one with "integrated regiments" - that is, each regiment consists of both regular and landwehr formations - and the regular commanders have been privately informed to keep their landwehr fellows on something of a leash. Accordingly, the first wave advances as planned to 400 yards - long range for the Dreyse, middling for those of their enemy - and begins to provide suppression fire.
The second wave advances through the gaps left in the formation, closing to within 100 yards, and then the order is given to load and fire - at this close range their faster fire more than compensates for the shorter range of the Dreyse, and though the artillery halts fire to avoid hitting the German troops the net result is that heavy and accurate fire (not quite "Schnellfeur" but close) keeps the Danish defenders suppressed. The downside of this approach is that it can only be kept up for an estimated ten minutes before the attackers begin to run dry of ammunition - this is why the third wave is already advancing.

The third wave does not stop. Like the second wave, they advance with rifles unloaded, and pass through the lines of the second wave through the gaps left before launching a bayonet charge - one which, coupled with the suppressive fire from the second wave, breaks the Danish defenders and forces their retreat.
(Unlike the first two waves, this one includes attachments from several other small German states - the reason behind this is political, as it means that the German Confederation as a whole is taking the Dannevirke.)
During this engagement, a Danish cavalry squadron attempts a countercharge - only to discover that at short range the Dreyse is rather more capable than a muzzle loader. Expecting to take around two volleys as they charge home, they take six and break before reaching the Prussian line.

By 3pm, the position is in German hands, though the delay imposed by the rearguard has allowed de Meza to march some miles north and out of range of full pursuit.
The combined German cavalry is sent over the Dannevirke to snap up stragglers and keep tabs on the Danes, and engineers begin preparing to transport the artillery and logistics train over the Danish fortification.


13 February

Cavalry engagement at Idstedt. This is notable for two reasons - firstly that it involves entirely cavalry forces, with no infantry from either side (the Danes too far north, the Germans working to make the Dannevirke fully secured) and secondly that it includes a lance charge which rescues the Prussian contingent from being encircled.
This is one of the battles which will later be used as evidence that the lance is not obsolete.


16 February
The Alabama Militia hold their annual review. After the passage of the mutual defence act, this is something which could bring in considerable tax relief for the state; however, with no enemies on any border, the Alabama Militia do not really have their heart in it. The parade is considerably below muster strength, and a number of men do not seem as experienced with their (predominantly Austrian) rifles as they should be.


A second engagement takes place on the road to Dybbol, this time involving German infantry against a Danish rearguard brigade. The rearguard attempts a bayonet charge against the Prussians, and again the difficulty of charging Dreyse infantry shows up - heavy Danish casualties result, though the charge disorders the Prussians (owing to one Landwehr regiment starting to break, and subsequent disruption) and slows the German pursuit.


17 February

As his troops begin to enter the Dybbol position (largely the advance guard, which took the first trains) de Meza is lambasted by the Danish parliament for abandoning the Dannevirke.
The conversation that takes place is acrimonious, including threats of dismissal, but in the end the deciding factor is considered that de Meza at least executed the withdrawal well - the heavy artillery largely made it out as did most of the rest of the force - and he is retained in command, pending a successful performance at Dybbol.

Pushing his luck, de Meza also requests that he be given first call on the Danish navy as he feels that good shore support could make the difference. This is denied - the Navy feels that attacks on the Prussian coast could be decisive in creating a case for a good peace - but he is given the ironclad Rolf Krake, the steam frigate Niels Juel and the old sail battleship the Frederik VI. (The intent is for Niels Juel to tow the Frederik VI around if need be.)
 
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18 February - 1 March 1864

Saphroneth

Banned
18 February

In Mexico, the city of Monclova is captured after a bloody battle.
This particular battle is notable as it has been conducted entirely with Mexican troops - though the Imperialists were trained by French troops, and as such display similar if less expert tactical methods.
One way in which the Imperial troops have surpassed their French tutors, however, is in artillery - this is due to the simple reason that the Mexican gunners are firing at the equivalent range for their rifled guns (a Parrott battery purchased from the United States) that they would have fired their smoothbores in previous wars. (The French artillery arm prefers to use the accuracy of their rifled guns only, for the most part.)

20 February
German cavalry squadrons confirm that a substantial part of the Danish army is entrenched in Dybbol.
This is some way north of the Schleiswig-Holstein border (indeed it is north of Flensburg) and as such the German advance slows while political matters begin to work themselves out - the Confederation's authorization of force included a number of points where conditional peace offers should be made, and this is one of them.
One of the details which impresses itself on the mind of the Prussian corps commander is that, here in South Schleiswig, his men are reporting that they are being back-talked with in German. This detail (the language shift, and how it was discovered) is mentioned in his personal letters back to Frederick III.



23 February
Palmerston makes a speech about the war taking place between Denmark and the German Confederation. Answering charges of passivity, he notes that in the event of either power wishing to overstep the bounds of common decency the British Empire can deploy a force consisting of "three ironclads, seven ships-of-the-line, smaller ships sufficient to enforce blockade, and twenty thousand well-armed troops" on about a week's notice.
It is asked what this would do to stop Prussia, which has an army rather larger than twenty thousand well-armed troops, and Palmerston's reply is that in the event of Prussia being the one to transgress then the British force will be defending Denmark (and there are about thirty thousand Prussian troops in Denmark, of whom two thirds at least are 'militia') and that in the event of Denmark being the one to transgress then Prussia will not be a problem.


27 February
Danish attack on Swinemunde.
The town is not well fortified, and as such the attack turns into something of a comical event - with no troops the Danes cannot take permanent or semi-permanent possession of the town, with no forts there is nothing to visibly destroy, and without much major commerce or military threat residing in the town itself there is not anything major to damage in the dockyards either. The result is that the Danes land a few hundred marines who garrison the town for the day, then retreat with alacrity when an entire corps of Prussians is reported to be moving towards them. (Actually this is some elements of the I Corps, shifting by rail from their positions as reserve for the Danish campaign.)
As a result, a joke goes around in Berlin that the Danes landed troops and the Prussian police arrested them; this is false.


1 March
Committee on Firearms gives their final report on the Snider. The thrust of their conclusion is that this fine weapon is superior to the Enfield rifle it replaces in all aspects, and that the new metallic cartridges coming into production will render it "the best long arm in Europe at this date".
 

Saphroneth

Banned
A few notes on how I intend to solve the horrible mess of S-H.

Basically, I'm inclined to say that the duchies both follow their inheritance paths. Schleiswig stays with Denmark, Holstein becomes a part of the German Confederation.
Partly this is because Frederick III is inclined to restore what he sees as correct, partly that's because he's focusing on how the German troops are not being seen as liberators in Schleiswig (as opposed to Holstein where everything is hunky-dory) and partly because it's something that the other great powers will accept and that Denmark will probably be very glad to get away with.
...when it's offered, which isn't yet. There's still going to be at least a siege of Dybbol, I think.
 
2-11 March 1864

Saphroneth

Banned
2 March

The Ever Victorious Army is victorious (again), taking a critical role in the Third Battle of Nanking - one of the largest battles in human history to date, with close to a million involved in the fighting.
One of the interesting features of this battle is the crisis on this second day, where the Ever Victorious Army at the centre of the Qing lines proves critical in preventing the Taiping army from rolling up the Qing flank and recapturing the breach in the walls.
As a result of this massive engagement and the central role played by the Ever Victorious Army, the force is given primary responsibility for crushing the remainder of the rebellion and official instructions are given for their methods and organization to be "incorporated" into other formations. (A term with plenty of leeway.)


3 March

With the conditional peace offer expired sans response, German troops resume their advance. The intent is to reduce Dybbol, thus allowing for further offensive operations into Jutland.
The Prussian I Corps is ordered north to garrison the supply lines, allowing III Corps to eventually concentrate against Dybbol itself.


5 March

In a private letter to Queen Victoria (his mother in law), Frederick III muses that - while some Prussians have been encouraged by the German language in South Schleiswig, he himself is more put off by reports that they use this language to criticize the German armies.
He sums up by noting that "In Holstein we are fellow Germans and liberators; in Schleiswig we are German fellows and occupiers".


6 March
German troops start to take up positions across from the Dybbol trenches. They run into a problem early on, in that de Meza has concentrated his heavy artillery inland and has been using the guns of the Frederik VI to cover his seaward flank - as such they must set up some distance from Dybbol to avoid coming under fire from either the land batteries or the RDN.
Artillery positions are surveyed on the nearby rises of ground, and the Prussians set up a perimeter while making their own embrasures (mostly out of a few unlucky villages nearby; for this they get scolded in Danish, which is a change from being scolded in German).

Positions at Gammelmark are considered (they would be able to provide raking fire down the Dybbol line) but a major potential problem is the Rolf Krake which is armoured to a good standard (the backing is less than that of Warrior and so she is a little less resistant, but still able to endure most Krupp guns; around the gunports she is more resistant than Warrior) and would be able to bombard the positions in turn. Possible solutions are considered as a matter of urgency, with some recommending the expedient of Palliser shells and heavy overcharge for one of the largest Prussian guns.

9 March

The Polish sejm officially redesignates all army units, due to the formal raising of their first true cavalry regiments.
From this point on, newly raised light infantry will be strzelcy with legacy units being huszaria piechota. Newly raised artillery regiments will be artyleria with legacy units being uhlan artyleria, and all other infantry will be raised as either linia piechoty or grenadierzy.
Cavalry units will take the uhlan name for those whose primary weapon is the lance, huszaria for those who wear armour and use the sabre and carbine (entitled to parade in the wooden wings which signify the hussar) and towarzysz for other regiments of cavalry.
The huszaria are very heavily armed for cavalry, largely due to the successful preservation of the old Polish cavalry horse lineage which is capable of campaigning and fighting with such a heavy load. Amusingly, the regiments are restricted only to those of the nobility, but due to the odd Polish constitutional solution this means the majority of the male population.
The 1st and 2nd huszaria lead a military parade through Warsaw, wings clattering, and the sight is very impressive. Efforts are underway to purchase homogenous breechloading rifles for them, to allow them to be "a dangerous opponent at all ranges, whether alone or part of a larger army".

11 March

de Meza discovers to his discomfort that the Prussian heavy guns have an even longer range than he was expecting - they are firing at such a distance that they are unreachable by his own heavy artillery, and their shells are knocking his line about considerably and with a great deal of accuracy. It seems that only two or three guns are aimed at each bunker, and with so few they are able to spot the fall of shot (and adjust) easily while still doing attrition to the Danish infantry in their bunkers.

He orders that interim positions be built, including more communication trenches, and insists that at least some Danish reinforcements be kept no further from the bunker line than the distance from it that Prussians are currently positioned.
 
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Saphroneth

Banned
de Meza seems to be playing a bad hand fairly well considering his poor OTL reputation.
Given that the OTL reputation largely originates from pulling out of the Dannevirke under conditions which mandate a rather prompt withdrawal, I'm assuming he was reasonably competent (but OTL put in an impossible situation). Most of this is not overly complicated stuff- heck, I've got no military education - and it's not exactly proof from either artillery attack or assault, but it's stuff which results from getting the heavy artillery out and from not having the Austrian navy incoming (so there's more naval force to spare).
 

Saphroneth

Banned
So, a quick digression into the problem the Prussians have with Danish naval support.

The Danes have three ships present - of these, one is a wooden sail liner, one is a wooden screw frigate and one is an ironclad.

The first is, untowed, a very easy target - de Meza has instructed that it be kept out of the way most of the time and only towed up to bombard for short intervals. This lets him stop the emplacement of Prussian batteries near the water for fear of being very heavily bombarded (the Frederik VI is a 94, meaning that she has roughly 48 guns on the broadside) without risking her overmuch, though draft is a problem as she's got the deepest of the three.
(n.b. I found Skjold was one of the two Danish steam liners; Frederik VI has been used in her place, as Skjold is being used in other blockade work where her steam power makes her more useful to the RDN.)

The second is somewhat more survivable as she's mobile. The heavy Prussian guns can do a lot of damage to her if they hit, but her ability to move under power makes that much more questionable - effectively she's as effective against shore targets as the Frederik VI.

And the third - well, at long range she can probably resist the fire of the heavy Krupp guns (certainly her gunports are very durable). Close in with Palliser it's a bit more iffy - I'd need the muzzle velocity figures for the Krupp gun to be sure - but generally speaking she's not very vulnerable at all to most of what the Prussians can throw at her, beyond non-critical damage due to smokestack hits or the like. The downside is that she only has four guns, Swedish 68 pounders in two twin turrets.
 

Saphroneth

Banned
Rifled 24-pounder depending on pulver load: 296,924 m/s or 366,29 m/s

Okay, so the heavy charge is going to be about 1200 fps (ED: whoops! 1100...), firing a ~76 lb round if using steel (assuming the MV doesn't diminish, which it might), and with about 5.8 inches of bore.

The resistance of Warrior in foot-tons per inch was 61 foot-tons per inch, of which 28 was the armour (4.5 inches) and 33 was calculated to be the backing; I know Warrior's iron in particular was stronger than the normal quality, so I'll assume that the armour was 31 foot-tons per inch and the backing added 30 foot-tons per inch of resistance.

Rolf Krake's backing is 1/3 that of the Warrior, and I'll assume a diminishing returns effect so that that backing provides 12 foot-tons per inch of resistance, while the iron's normal British quality and was hence 28 foot-tons per inch; ergo the resistance is about 40 foot-tons per inch.

With the 5.8 inch round of the Prussian 24 pounder, that means 232 foot-tons of energy required.

The actual energy of the projectile is 1.7E6 foot pounds, or 758 foot-tons - that's better than I was expecting, and suggests that (at least at close range) it is indeed possible to put a steel round through the side of the Rolf Krake with enough energy left to do some damage. My assumption is that it's probably dangerous to the gun to fire full charge with a heavy round, though, and also that they need to get hold of the steel shot to do this (cast iron shot at least is terribly inefficient and may not penetrate beyond battering range of 100 yards or so, wrought iron shot is not very efficient either and would probably only just penetrate at the likely battle ranges)
As for the turrets, which had an extra 3.5 inch plate around the outside of the gun ports, they'd resist somewhat better than (4.5" resistance) + (3.5" resistance) and somewhat worse than (8" resistance). I think penetration here is doubtful even at close range for the steel shot.

(What might just make the difference is that it's very cold - armour doesn't like cold in this period.)


I'll check these when I get home and have access to my penetration calculator.
 
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