If they will not meet us on the open sea (a Trent TL)

Saphroneth

Banned
Bit of both. Superb gives extra tools in the kit for a future Russian war - even good fort systems are in trouble if you can blow up one or two of the Barbettes before moving in.

All being calm, she'd just end up in reserve.
 
Of course, it's also worth noting that - while most battles in the Civil War were at point blank range - much of that is due to how slowly the guns fired.


Let's take the Monitor - her guns each fired once every fifteen minutes, and she had two of them. That means there's about a quarter hour between the first and second salvo, and at a closing velocity of (say) six knots that's enough time to travel about 3,000 yards (i.e. from extreme range to close range). The amount of fire during the closing period is small.

Compare that to Warrior. Her 68-lbers could be fired about once a minute (55 seconds), and each broadside has thirteen of them. That means that at a closing speed of six knots the enemy vessel would be able to travel about 180 yards between salvos, and the salvos are over six times larger - over the same period Warrior puts out approximately fifty times as many rounds as Monitor.
Now, since this is over a variety of ranges, it's not a direct comparison - and some of the 68-lber guns were not under armour and would not be used in a serious battle - but nevertheless this suggests that a hypothetical ship armed with this shell would be taking quite a lot of fire before reaching point blank range.


the best test of the durability (and weaknesses) of the US monitors and other Ironclads is the naval attack on Charleston in 1863. There is enormous information on who had what in terms of weapons and what damage was inflicted on each ship and at what ranges. That battle proved that ironclads are tough, but it also proved that steaming into a cul de sac (and essentially a cross fire) was a high risk option as within 3 hours Du Pont had to order a withdrawal.

Certainly the Monitors had serious weaknesses regarding speed and rate of fire, but they were not the only ships carrying Dahlgrens nor are ships the only platform to have them.

In the Civwartalk forum there is a heated debate on the British (post war) and American (during the war) tests. It would seem partisanship is to be found there too (see the Monitor vs Merimac and armor piercing shot thread). Apparently, based on the sources in the thread, both sides can be accused of 'cooking the results".

So we will probably never know.

But I posted a historical source from the period citing an actual test, which if you are serious about history and are hoping to be taken more seriously than a "British wank" I would encourage you to examine.
 
He just posted that the battles were over by the time this gun was mentioned. What issue would there be?

this issue regarding gun effectiveness vs armor effectiveness comes up every time there is a Anglo-American War type thread in the Civil War era

so as it is one of two threads currently active, I posted it here on the assumption that there are people who might find it interesting
 

Saphroneth

Banned
the best test of the durability (and weaknesses) of the US monitors and other Ironclads is the naval attack on Charleston in 1863. There is enormous information on who had what in terms of weapons and what damage was inflicted on each ship and at what ranges. That battle proved that ironclads are tough, but it also proved that steaming into a cul de sac (and essentially a cross fire) was a high risk option as within 3 hours Du Pont had to order a withdrawal.

Is that especially relevant to the post you quoted? That was all about closing velocities and rate of fire, and for what it's worth the monitors at Charleston took their damage from weapons which could not at that range harm Warrior. Sumter was the closest, and engaged with 2 7" Brooke RML (with wrought iron bolts), 4 8" and 4 10" Columbiads, 6 42pdr rifles, 2 9" Dahlgrens, 8 32 pounders, 4 8" shell guns and 3 10" coastal mortars - the range of the fire was in most cases over 1,000 yards, which is a range the 15" Dahlgren cannot penetrate Warrior.
Most of these weapons are less powerful than the 68-lber smoothbore - only the 10" and perhaps 7" guns are using more powder and they're spreading it over a wider area.


Certainly the Monitors had serious weaknesses regarding speed and rate of fire, but they were not the only ships carrying Dahlgrens nor are ships the only platform to have them.

Well, yes, but my point was to highlight the issue that your assertion that battles were at close range, while true in the Civil War period, is an artefact of ship design and capability not a fundamental rule. Broadside ships have so many more potentially effective guns that it changes the calculus - for reference, the range from "where the ironclads at Charleston took their damage" to "the test penetration with the Dahlgren rifle and special shell" is 800-1000 yards which is about three minutes at eight knots - three full broadsides from the 68-lber, or with Warrior about forty potentially effective shots.

Remember that to fire forty potentially effective shots a monitor would have to fire continuously for five hours and you see the problem.

But if you think that I've not shown the non-monitor Dahlgren-armed side of the US navy, go back and look at the battles. Where specifically have I missed something critical out?

But I posted a historical source from the period citing an actual test, which if you are serious about history and are hoping to be taken more seriously than a "British wank" I would encourage you to examine.

The actual test is also irrelevant to this TL as it's later, and also describes an experimental weapon. It's roughly equivalent to saying that - as the Germans first built an Elektroboote OTL in 1943-4 - they should have been able to use them to stop ANVIL or SHINGLE... or that a TL has to include German jet fighters by 1942 or it's an Allied-wank.
Of course, if a story contradicting actual tests from the period renders something a wank, then you should be aware that no fictional treatment of Warrior and Monitor fighting one another (that I know of) is less of a wank than mine - I cite specific tests to support my position on their relative armour penetration, remember that the gun deck is closed off by a bulkhead, specifically note the effects of both projectile spall and misfires, mention iron quality, and of course stick to actual historical rate of fire. I've corrected mistakes that show up in Rainbow of Blood and Stars and Stripes forever relating to the matchup, and so far as I know I have not included any new ones.

If your contention is that my story is a Britwank unless I include this weapon, then OTL is also a Britwank as this weapon was never adopted for service and when test fired by New Ironsides proved to be nearly unusable.

so as it is one of two threads currently active, I posted it here on the assumption that there are people who might find it interesting
I've never claimed British ironclads are invincible in the late Civil War, just that the US had no guns able to penetrate the battery of Warrior or Terror as of Trent. Once the 15" gun is in use they have to tread a little more carefully anyway as that can penetrate at close range (historically they decided to stay out past 800 yards), but it has the same rate of fire problems as other large ML guns.
To post a weapon from 1863 in a Trent thread is fine - but the way you did it is as if to ask for a fight, by attacking "those who believe in invincible British ironclads"




And a final point.

If I had had Monitor as it was at Hampton Roads face Warrior of the same date, that would not have been a Britwank as I would have been taking the real ships at the same OTL time period and facing them off against one another. And Monitor would have been unable to penetrate Warrior's battery.

Instead, I had Monitor considerably upgraded with a gun that I guessed was able to penetrate Warrior - without evidence either way.

And for that I'm labelled Britwanking.

Whenever I've put a thumb on the scales TTL, it has to my knowledge been to allow the Union to do better. For example, I deliberately made it so the Confederates were stopped at Rock Creek (otherwise they'd have captured Washington); I let the Union crash-build ironclads far faster than historically possible; I had Union naval guns invented (the sleeved Dahlgrens) with greater penetrating power than OTL Union guns of the same time period and assumed they would generally not explode; I had the British simply not mount any land offensives until well into the early summer.
 
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Saphroneth

Banned
I know. But she's only useful in that role, whereas it seemed that ships like Warrior and Terror were useful both as Fort Reducers and as Naval Warfare ships.

Although that maybe speaks more to US Fort Quality than Warrior and Terror.
Oh, a bit more information on this. I looked up and confirmed that the Mallet's Mortar was actually considered for sea usage, so a ship like this was entirely within historical planning, and that OTL "mortar frigates" were indeed very lightly armed aside from their mortar/s.
 
Whenever I've put a thumb on the scales TTL, it has to my knowledge been to allow the Union to do better. For example...
You also dramatically nerfed the effectiveness of British musketry from the levels officially recorded in peacetime, on the grounds that these levels were likely to degrade under combat conditions. Indeed, I remember people complaining bitterly that you hadn't gone far enough in reducing its effectiveness! Now we've got someone arguing that Union test performance must be improved on in combat, despite armour generally performing better in battle than in experiments.

Well, yes, but my point was to highlight the issue that your assertion that battles were at close range, while true in the Civil War period, is an artefact of ship design and capability not a fundamental rule.
And training. I mean, compare the requirements for gun captain:

'The Captains, especially, should be selected from those in whose skill, coolness, and judgment the greatest reliance can be placed, without regard to their ratings... They should be examined by the Surgeon with reference to eyesight.'
(Manual of Gunnery Instructions for the Navy of the United States, 1864)

'Men in Sea-going ships are to be encouraged to qualify themselves for "Acting Captain of Gun" under the instruction of the Gunnery Officer, in which case they need only be required to be perfect in the first three instructions, but each man before receiving his certificate must have fired at least the following number of rounds, and have proved that he can lay a gun quickly, and is a good and efficient shot:-
120 rounds from a rifle at objects distant from 200 to 800 yards...
20 rounds from a revolver pistol
30 rounds from a 6-pounder short practice gun, half being with motion
10 rounds from a great gun, half being with motion
On their arrival in England to pay off, they must pass through one of the Gunnery Ships to be confirmed in their present certificate, or to qualify for a higher grade.'
(Instructions for the exercise and service of great guns, etc., on board her majesty's ships, 1858)
 
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Saphroneth

Banned
You also dramatically nerfed the effectiveness of British musketry from the levels officially recorded in peacetime, on the grounds that these levels were likely to degrade under combat conditions. Indeed, I remember people complaining bitterly that you hadn't gone far enough in reducing its effectiveness! Now we've got someone arguing that Union test performance must be improved on in combat, despite armour generally performing better in battle than in experiments.
The funny thing is that the Stafford Projectile got its turn at war - then the navy promptly rejected it because it was too unstable. My suspicion is that this early sabot-discarding projectile may have shown very good test results at close range simply because under those well-controlled conditions it was not destabilized enough to tumble, but that as soon as it did it lost most or all effectiveness.

Even then, though, it's got less velocity than the British 68-lber. Simple physics - an 86 lb shell fired from a 7.5" gun with 15 lb of powder is not going to be faster than a 72 lb steel bolt fired from an 8" gun with 16 lb of powder. It is a lot closer than most US guns, though.
 

Saphroneth

Banned
'The Captains, especially, should be selected from those in whose skill, coolness, and judgment the greatest reliance can be placed, without regard to their ratings... They should be examined by the Surgeon with reference to eyesight.'
(Manual of Gunnery Instructions for the Navy of the United States, 1864)

'Men in Sea-going ships are to be encouraged to qualify themselves for "Acting Captain of Gun" under the instruction of the Gunnery Officer, in which case they need only be required to be perfect in the first three instructions, but each man before receiving his certificate must have fired at least the following number of rounds, and have proved that he can lay a gun quickly, and is a good and efficient shot:-
120 rounds from a rifle at objects distant from 200 to 800 yards...
20 rounds from a revolver pistol
30 rounds from a 6-pounder short practice gun, half being with motion
10 rounds from a great gun, half being with motion
On their arrival in England to pay off, they must pass through one of the Gunnery Ships to be confirmed in their present certificate, or to qualify for a higher grade.'
(Instructions for the exercise and service of great guns, etc., on board her majesty's ships, 1858)
Wow.

So... that means that the minimum requirement for being a gun captain under the British system is to have fired 180 rounds from four different weapons, including two artillery weapons, at varying ranges and some of them from the tossing deck of an actual ship (and a qualification)... while the minimum requirement for being a gun captain under the US system, mid-war, is that they should be "good" and have reasonable eyesight.

Frankly with that difference those naval battles from early in the timeline almost need revision to make them go better for the British.
 
4-21 June 1863

Saphroneth

Banned
4 June
A preacher in Tennessee by the name of James William Maxim uses the recently published and still controversial Origin of Species as a basis for his sermon on the natural inferiority of "the negro races", holding that Europeans and specifically Southerners are more highly evolved and that there is a racial hierarchy based on evolution. Notably, Maxim manages the rhetorical gymnastic trick of commending the Indian Removals for how they have improved "the Red Indian" by ensuring that only the strongest members of the race survived.


7 June
Final warning sent to the Government of Satsuma and to the Bakfu (the Shogunate government). In both cases, the Emperor urges that the warnings not be complied with, as it would be a major insult for Japan.


9 June
A new chapter begins in the New Zealand Land Wars, as an assassination attempt by the Kingite Maori nearly succeeds in killing the pro-peace governor George Grey - who is saved only by the quick thinking of his bodyguards, all but one of whom die in the ambush. Grey does not escape the ambush unscathed, and will be governing from a hospital bed for the next few months due to a broken leg.


11 June
The HMS Archer leaves Gosport (her crew being impressed by the yards, not so much by the poor treatment of the workforce) and shapes her course for Charleston as part of a program of routine visits.


13 June
The captain of the French ironclad Solferino decides that there seems to be nothing for him to actually do, and puts in at Puerto Vallarta to ask if he should stay in the Pacific or head back to France.


16 June
The United States War Department establishes a committee to work out what kind of firearms they are required to procure. Legally speaking they must obtain the most modern weapons possible, but the question is what this means - does it mean rifle-muskets, repeaters, Sharps rifles, Kammerladers, Colt revolving rifles or something else entirely?
(A separate discussion is also opened regarding artillery, and another discussion on whether this applies to the National Guard as well, and yet another on if enough rifles for the full mobilization must be stockpiled. Suffice to say there is going to be a lot of arguing.)


19 June
HMS Archer - and her captain, Bythesea - are recognized as being the ship and officer behind the Spirit capture. The result is a quick escalation of an already touchy situation in Charleston.
At about seven in the evening, a group of 'Archers' get in a brawl which turns ugly quickly. Two men are seriously injured.

20 June
Bythesea discovers that one of his men has not reported back on board Archer. His anger is initially for the unfortunate tar, until it is realized that he was one of those who got in the brawl from last night - and, worse, that the missing man (Richard Nelson) is black.
In his remonstration with mayor Charles Macbeth, Bythesea touches on many of the same points the commanders of Troubridge did. This is resented by Macbeth, but it makes one of the other Charleston statemen in the room volcanically angry - Francis Pickens.

21 June
Archer's marines (out of uniform) rescue Richard Nelson from the Charleston slave barracoons. Archer's guns are cleared for action during the incident.
Bythesea demands an apology for this unconscionable treatment of a British citizen and enlisted man, who came within a few days of being sold into slavery, and gets it from Macbeth (and a promise that the guilty, including the primary backer of the Spirit's voyage, will be punished) - but, as he prepares to sail for Bermuda, Fort Sumter opens fire on his ship.

In truth, only one gun is being employed, by a few of the enlisted men and officers Pickens has whipped up into a frenzy - this is not official. Nevertheless, Archer makes for the sea under full power - and, worse, takes one hit which damages the forecastle.
 
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21 June
Archer's marines (out of uniform) rescue Richard Nelson from the Charleston slave barracoons. Archer's guns are cleared for action during the incident.
Bythesea demands an apology for this unconscionable treatment of a British citizen and enlisted man, who came within a few days of being sold into slavery, and gets it from Macbeth (and a promise that the guilty, including the primary backer of the Spirit's voyage, will be punished) - but, as he prepares to sail for Bermuda, Fort Sumter opens fire on his ship
The South Carolinians should have gone back over Hansard:
'there is no doubt that it is not justifiable on the part of the State of South Carolina to imprison coloured seamen, subjects of Her Majesty. I say that that act is not morally justifiable. My noble Friend (Lord Palmerston) now the Secretary of State for the Home Department, and successive Foreign Secretaries, have made repeated remonstrances on this subject; but there is great difficulty, arising from the peculiar constitution of the United States, in obtaining a remedy.' (Lord John Russell, 1 July 1853)
'The answer made verbally, but not in Writing, by Mr. Buchanan, then Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the United States, was, that the Federal Government had no powers to induce the Legislature of the State of Carolina to revoke this law; and that if the British Government insisted upon its right, and pressed the Government of the United States upon the ground of right, drawn from the article I have just mentioned in the treaty of 1815, the Government of the United States would find the question not only so difficult, but so impossible to deal with, that they would be obliged, however reluctantly, and with whatever inconvenience to them, to take advantage of the stipulation which was contained in the treaty of 1827, under which either party is at liberty, at any time they please subsequently to the year 1828, to put an end to that treaty of 1815, by giving twelve months' notice of their intention. Under these circumstances, I am sorry to say, it did not appear to Her Majesty's Government that any advantage would result from further pressing that demand.' (Lord Palmerston, 29 April 1850)

Frankly with that difference those naval battles from early in the timeline almost need revision to make them go better for the British.
I think you've been more than fair, given that the requirements for competence and eyesight were added in the 1864 manual. All that the 1860 manual said about the qualification of gun captains was that they 'should be occasionally practiced in measuring the distances of objects by the eye'.

Also bear in mind that it's not just aspiring gun captains who are encouraged to qualify themselves in the Royal Navy, but all 'Men in Sea-going ships'. So if the captain of a gun gets killed in the Royal Navy, there's a decent chance that his replacement is likely to be able to work the gun to a tolerable standard, whereas in the Union navy you're left hoping that the new man has decent eyesight. And then on top of that you have the Moorsom director, which helps centralise the laying of Royal Navy broadsides (1, 2), but whose effects don't seem to have been referenced by name in this story. So overall, I can't see how you could have been much nicer towards the Union.

The challenge is still open to find a mistake or an omission that benefits the British, isn't it?
 

Saphroneth

Banned
Also bear in mind that it's not just aspiring gun captains who are encouraged to qualify themselves in the Royal Navy, but all 'Men in Sea-going ships'. So if the captain of a gun gets killed in the Royal Navy, there's a decent chance that his replacement is likely to be able to work the gun to a tolerable standard, whereas in the Union navy you're left hoping that the new man has decent eyesight. And then on top of that you have the Moorsom director, which helps centralise the laying of Royal Navy broadsides (1, 2), but whose effects don't seem to have been referenced by name in this story. So overall, I can't see how you could have been much nicer towards the Union.
I hadn't known the Royal Navy had any kind of director firing, no. Goodness - that would only serve to make the liners the British have so many of even more formidable foes, since it essentially does a fair deal of the work for them with regard to elevation!
 

Saphroneth

Banned
Hm... I wonder if the RN marines would have taken every black man and woman in sight back to Archer on the grounds that they can't be sure which one Nelson is...
 
"Captain! We got Nelson back!"

"Commander/[Appropriate Rank.] You appear to have returned with two platoons, whereas I distinctly recall there only being one on the payroll this previous morning."

"Well Sir. It was dark, you see. We set out to gain back Nelson, and well Sir, you know how it is to see the qualities of a man's face in the dark. So sir, we find the barrack he was stationed in. We think of calling for Nelson, but well, any man can claim the name of Nelson. So, well Sir-"

"You took the entire barrack."

"Yes, Captain. And, well- Some we came across on the way back. Couldn't tell if they were from the barrack or not, so we had to take them. They could've been Nelson Sir!"

"Even the women, Commander?"

"Err-"

"Jolly good Commander. Carry on."
 

Saphroneth

Banned
Spoiler content below, incl. medium term plans.

Basically, Its Happening right now for the RN and the British Empire, and for Eastern Europe and France and Mexico. Spain is just glad to be vaguely out of things.

Fortunately, unlike the Union none of the enemies the British have at the moment can seriously hurt them even if they leave the problem alone for several months. The Land Wars are basically a classical colonial conflict, the affair in Satsuma is a piece of (dried) grape, and the Confederacy does not have a land border with Canada so can be handled somewhat at leisure.
The Confederacy is the most serious problem, of course, and the RN is fortunate in that a bare few months ago it drew up plans for how to attack the place. This may have implications for the RN's view of the importance of professional staffs. (Diplomatically this will probably be treated like the Satsuma Affair - the RN quarrel is with South Carolina, not the rest of the Confederacy, and the other Confederate states may well be happy to let "why should I fund a miltia" SC twist in the wind a little if the alternative is marching their men and ships into Sniders and Pallisers.)

The Polish affair is hotting up rapidly, and Fred III may well be making a serious statement on the matter - like, say, recognizing Poland as an independent state. They're not getting any of what's now Prussia, of course, but they might get tacit support in reclaiming Congress Poland with a quid pro quo that the Lithuanian half of the Commonwealth is largely on its own.
Russia will be pissed, but not wanting to take on Prussia - the theoretical Prussian mobilization is actually larger than OTL as the Landwehr are all "counted", though less well trained, and the Russian army's still being rebuilt.

Mexico, things are Going Well for Maximilian and Going Badly for Juarez. The momentum is distinctly Imperial, even if what "Imperial" means in this case is a bit Francophile... at this point there's resistance, but it's largely based on the Juarez (legitimate) claim to be the government and that mandate has something of an expiration date.

The Land Wars are still "modern infantry versus genius level emplacements" and will differ little, though any Snider battalion might have a slight effect.

And in Japan... there's a slight tweak going on. The Emperor is more public about his support for Satsuma, which means that his prestige has a bit more to lose if things go south.
And, of course, there's a few more ships in theater. And they're more modern... and more experienced... and they have a battalion or so of infantry on hand too.


And then there's Maxim. This, if it wasn't clear, is the TTL genesis of Scientific Racism... and it's a distinctly Confederate concept.
The effect on British/Union likelihood to follow the same path is left to the reader for now.
 

Saphroneth

Banned
Thank you for your kind advice to look on Wikipedia. I would never have considered that.......

Perhaps an even better place to start would have been a source which actually documents a rifled Dahlgren 150lber being installed on a warship
Or, of course, an example of this shell achieving a penetration of an ironclad at sea.
We know it was used at sea, and that it was promptly rejected for being impossible to use. (Scientific American)

The most charitable case is that this was due to it being fired from a Parrott rifle and that it would work perfectly with a Dahlgren (which means that the round would work if Dahlgren could rush into production and widespread deployment a weapon which he did not consider safe to use OTL); the least charitable case is that this weapon only worked on the testing range (a common problem).

Either way, it's definitely not something that could be deployed in the first six months of 1862 any more than I should put Palliser shells into use at Hampton Roads.
 
Thank you for your kind advice to look on Wikipedia. I would never have considered that.......

Perhaps an even better place to start would have been a source which actually documents a rifled Dahlgren 150lber being installed on a warship

well sarcasm aside, good luck with that

I would suggest possibly checking out the Civwar Forum I mentioned to the thread I mentioned, where you can find a link to a book on all tests using that period ordinance carried out by the US and Royal Navies

but as you didn't even indicate you had started there (wikipedia) perhaps less sarcasm is called for

a recent post on that thread provided this source, which seems like a pretty exhaustive look at the various tests conducted in the era in question

https://books.google.com/books?id=j...PAhUJfiYKHZh5B0oQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
 
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