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In the last week I've started a timeline that examines the implications of a surviving Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, with a tiny PoD on the First Crusade and a much larger one at the Battle of Azaz. The Kingdom becomes luckier than Alexander the Great and America combined, and manages to expand around the globe in the thirst for money, power and salvation. The KoJ becomes an Apartheid state that holds 40% of the worlds oil. I just have a few questions:

1. I have the Crusaders institute an equivalent to the Jizya tax. Would this discourage conversion efforts on the part of the Crusaders?

2. At what point is a conception of race going to develop? I already have some good ideas for petty segregation, but when does it become a scientific/religious concept?

3. How could a 13th century army of knights, longbowmen, pikes, and horse archers defeat the Mongols. They are obviously going to be pushed around massively, but can they prevent the loss of Jerusalem and coastal enclaves?
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