I don't mind. [I]Aleksandr]r[I][/I][/I]

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Deleted member 82118

PoD of this timeline is the First Russian Constitution was adopted in 1820

Chapter One.​
It would be done anyway. Even be a Tsesarevich, Alexander I wanted to create constitutional monarchy in his country. In 1816 the secret committee was created from 3 his closest advisors – tsar’s frends counts Novosiltsev, Vyazemsky and French specialist de Chan. Their worked to give Russia first constitution. In 1820, text was ended, and 25 December 1820 Alexander signs the State Charter of the Russian Empire(rus Государственная Уставная Грамота Российской Империи).
However, it was not so radical, not to say – very moderate. Emperor have very extensive powers – he is head of executive, legislative and judicial branches of government and head of the Russian Orthodox Church. Budget and foreign policy were full in his hands. But Legislative branch Emperor shares with the Duma (rus Государственная Дума) (name was Alexander’s correction, in first variant of the document it named Sejm), which is formed from the delegates of ht nobility’s Assembles and City Duma’s, elected by the tip of the townspeople. Serfdom was not abolished – in fact, in Charter there was no about peasants at all. But all Russian people now have basic civil rights – equality in law, freedom of press, emigration and conscience.
Russian Empire now is semi-federative state, consisted from autonomous Viceregencies (rus Наместничества) with Viceroy (rus Наместник), appointed by Emperor, and elected Viceregency Duma (rus Дума Наместничества). Viceregencies was subdivide into Governorates (rus Губернии). New element was permanent government – Committee of Ministers (rus Комитет министров), headed by Chairman, appointed by Emperor. First Chairman of the Committee became Victor Kochubey, for a long time close friend and advisor of Alexander.


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Russian Viceregencies

First Duma was convened in April 1821. From 200 deputes (100 from nobility, 100 from cities) main part was non-party deputes. There was only one organization, to named “party”. It was Union For Welfare (rus Союз Благоденствия). Created in 1818 as a Secret Society by a group of liberal-minded officers of the Russian Army spreadning ideals of Liberty and Enlightenment in Russia. Now they created party leaded by Sergei Troubetskoy and Alexander Muravyov.
Main question was about serfdom. Deputes from UofW, namely Nicolay Turgenev, speaks for liquidation of this “shameful institute”. But they had very powerful opponent. It was Nicolay Karamzin, famous writer and historian. “You must be surprise If you ever seen treasures, which some of so-called “slaves” have” – answered he to Turgenev. “And, in our laws, Master’s power over their peasants is not tyranny. Nobles dive land to peasants, protect them, help during natural disasters – it is their duty! And Nobles can demand from their peasants half of their working week – it is their right!” Also, main part of nobles didn’t want to loose their property, and voted against Turgenev’s project.
1821 6 of March - Alexander Ypsilantis, a member of the Greek Secret Society Φιλική Ἑταιρεία crosses the Russian-Turkish border with an armed squad. Greek Revolution starts. Main of the Duma members sympathized rebel Greeks, and vote to support them. In September Alexander (who did not want the war himself) under pressure pro-Greek minded Duma declares war on Ottoman Empire.

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New states in the Balkans.
After 2 years of fight, Turkey capitulated. Treaty in Philipopol (8 February 1823) ends the war. Greeks forms 4 independent states – princedoms of Athens, Epirus, Morey and the Aegean Republic. Serbia also declares independence, Wallachia and Moldavia united to independent Romania under the Tudor Vladimirescu rule.
Heir of the Russian Throne, Tsesarevich Constantine, did not want to be an Emperor, ever constitutional. Russian nobility hate him, and he knew it. So, he afraid to be “hanged, as his father”. So, in 1822, he officially asked his brother Alexandr, to give the heritage to their brother Nicolay. Alexandr agreed. Manifest with information about that fact was publicized two weeks later (unlike OTL, where Manifest was keep in secret until Alexandr death. For TTL it means no heritage crisis in 1825, and, with other events, no Decembrist Rebellion).
November, 19 1825 Alexandr died in Taganrog city during his voyage to Southern Russia, and his brother Nicolas comes to a throne, and in February of 1826, new, II Duma was elected. It is different, and much less radical Duma, that the I was. Conservative Nobility unites during the last 5 years, and create new political party – Union of the Russian Landowners, which won 75 from 100 seats of “Noble” curia, when UofW took only 15. Leader of the party, famous political and Admiral Nicolay Mordvinov, became the new Chairman (Speaker) of Duma. On speech at the opening of the Duma, Emperor Nicolay I calls himself “the first servant of the State”, and it deserves respect for the deputies.
(without Decembrist Rebellion, there was now Persian attack on Russian Transcaucasia in 1826, ni Russian-Persian war. Khanates of Irirvan and Nakhchivan (more or less, OTL Armenia) stays part of Persia)
1828 was a year of the big scandal in the Russian army. General Paul Pestel with the groupe of Russian republican-minded officers from the 2 Western Army try to kill the Emperor and raise antimonarchic revolt. Plan falls, and there leaders (Paul Pestel and others) were forced to flee abroad. And, because Pestel was member of the UofW, this party was shamed by theis opponentsas “terrorist band” and soon time collapsed. Conservatives finally takes the Duma.
(TTL was not Polish rebellion of 1830-1831. Poland stays a Constitutional Monarchy in personal union with Russia).
Nicolay I also convinces Charles X of France to compromise with liberals. In 1829 liberal Francois Guizot even becomes Prime Minister of France. (Bourbons rule over France last a little longer than OTL.)
In 1830 Ottoman sultan Mahmud II attack Egypt try to restore Ottoman rule in this de-facto independent region. But Egypt Khedive Mohammed Ali’s armies with French help soon discourage all Turkish attacks and conquering Syria. 1832 – treaty in Jerusalem – Egypt becomes de jure independent kingdom, and Syria – Ottoman vassal state, but uner the rule of Said, Mihammed Ali’s son.
 
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