How would the RN fare in a pre-WWI conflict against the USN and Kriegsmarine?

Just look at the Siege of Port Arthur during the 1905 Russo-Japanese War. The siege lasted from July to January with the Japanese landing around 100,000 troops. You need the British Army to support that type of attack, not just the Royal Marines. And I believe that Port Arthur is a little less fortified and a little further from the nations heartland and reinforcements, than Boston or New York.
And had a larger garrison than either of those cities (around 50'000 men, the site to which you link says, which would compare to a total US army expanding from around 25'000 to around 100'000 in OTL)? And contained significantly fewer civilians for the authorities there to keep fed and calm?


I wasn't proposing that the US and Imperial Germany object to colonialism on moral grounds, but pratical ones. Colonies gave the countries who got there first a unfair trade advantage. The US an IG could therefore use a double standart to claim that countries with economical potencial should be given the freedom to trade (with them) but that places like Hawai were to underdeveloped to be able to operate independently.
We would see an agressive push from german firms to sell, for example, industrial machinery in India, Locomotives for Africa, Mauser entering a bid to suply the Indian Army with rifles. The US would support that position, seeing the oportunnity to open up new markets.
A proto cold war would ensue, with the "free trade" countries suporting anti-imperialist movements in Africa and India, and that would lead Britain to retaliate by imposing a blockade on German and US trade with Africa and Asia, that would lead to war. All German and US agression would be of the indirect variety, it would be Britain that would start the open war.
But it wouldn't need a blockade, just an embargo. The sort of 'engineered' trade-goods that you're talking about aren't ones that the buyers could really explain away if the authorities asked, so banning their importation into the colonies outright -- instead of just keeping the current tariffs -- would probably be enough: No point the Germans or Americans loading them onto ships when there are no purchasers waiting at the other end of the voyage, eh? And an import ban isn't an act of war by any reasonable definition... I strongly doubt that the British would have tried to blockade your trade with the [relatively few] independent nations in either of those continents. Besides, if things started to look that pressing, I expect that Britain would have managed to ocme to an agreement with one or the other part of that alliance about a treaty extending that nation's trading rights within the empire to some extent in exchange for it breaking with its old partner: It's not exactly as though the USA and the German Empire had so much in common that they would obviously be best friends forever, is it?
The only parts of British Africa with significant independence movements for you to back in that period would be Egypt and the (newly pacified) Sudan, in neither of which would breaking free by force have been seen by many people as likely to be viable, and there wasn't much of an organised movement in India yet either: I'm fairly certain that most 'politically aware' Indians of that period would have seen working for greater self-government, initially within the empire, as more sensible than outright revolution.
And if you do start backing pro-independence movements, and get caught obviously doing so, think again about the reactions of France and [absolutist] Russia...

France would support Britain, but short of entering the war, not being up to facing Germany alone in the 1900/1910 period. Russia would just watch, unless the idea of a free india gave them a sense of oportunity in wich case they might tilt to the German side. AH would likely be on German side.
Despite scare stories at the time, I'm fairly sure that the Russians didn't really have any expectation of being able to invade India -- even if it had broken free from British rule -- by that stage: And what exactly could Austria-Hungary actually have contributed to the war effort anyway?
The ideal first spark would be the Boer war, with the germans and americans pushing for a number of independent, but white ruled, countries in Africa, and for an independent India.
Okay, the Boer War might have provided a suitable first spark... although there were certainly Americans amongst the 'Uitlanders' to whom the Boers of the Transvaal had denied the equality of rights that a treaty said those people should have and some of them fought on the British side...
How many American voters in those days do you think would really have considered the potential of an independent India worth the costs of going to war with the British Empire, especially given the USA's recent history with its own "Indians"? I think that maybe you're projecting modern attitudes further back than is really reasonable.
Remember, you've almost certainly got to be able to sustain support for those policies through at least one presidential election in the USA -- and quite possibly two, or even three, instead -- before you can hope to reap any benefits. So, would they really be a better idea than trying to negotiate a better deal with Britain peacefully?
 
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well...

There's allso the posibility of interdicting British trade with Auxiliary cruisers and Submarines.

Submarines would be a little too avant garde for efective interdiction use in 1905. The ideal ships, if ready on time, would be the Pennsylvania class Armoured Cruisers. OTL they were commissioned in 1905/6 and were dual role ships, able to operate as a fast wing of the fleet or for commerce interdiction/protection

USS_Pennsylvania_(CA-4).jpg
 
Blockade, BFFs

A blockade would make sense if the Germans were shipping weapons for the Boers.
A number of colonial wars almost got started in places like Marocos.
The US went to war to seize a large chunck of Mexico, invaded Cuba and the Filipines, showed the flag in the name of its economical interests in South America on numerous ocasions. Colonies divided the world into the "Haves" and "Have nots" OTL the Germans developed a have not complex and built a pointeless navy that got them into a pointeless war. The US dealt with it by treating the whole of both Americas as potencial economical colonies, to be controled rather than formaly colonized. With insight, an earlier independence of India and large chuncks of Africa could only have beneficted the US , and would have been an ideal solution for Germany, who could now find export outlets and buy raw material direct from the source.
It was a big step, but potencially worth it, and the US risked very little. In the long run, what they had they wouldn't loose, and they could win a lot.

BFFs? No, but they would make rather convinient bedfellows, and stranger alliances have happened.
 
even better

would be the 10'' gun armed Tenesses, but for those to be ready in 1905 we would have to pull back their laid down dates and speed up their contruction

USS_Tennessee_(ACR-10).jpg
 
Russia

India in 1905 was India+Pakistan. Afeghanistam was a mess (it always is). Remove India from the Empire, remove the Brits from the Pacific, and you get in a position from wich Russia could clear the whole table of "the big game" before kipling could say WTF...
 
..you can get the natives to fight for you. Why bother with Canada if you van start a revolution in India?
At that date? You can't, at least not without committing a LOT of your own troops... whom you can't get there past the Royal Navy anyway.

And surely the US could help the Chinese liberate Hong Kong...
The same Chinese whom you've just sent troops against, as part of a multinational force, to help relieve the siege of the Legation Quarter in Peking? They won't trust you, and you can't trust them.

Let's say we're going for full war in 1904, so we can have Teddy Roosevelt.
BFD.

The germans actively support the Boers.
In which case the war starts earlier, and most of the USA's possible preparations that people have been talking about haven't even started yet...
British atrocities are in a much larger scale.
By "atrocities", do you mean collecting the guerillas' families together into guarded camps for the duration so that they couldn't pass supplies onwards? That was MUCH less of an "atrocity" than the cheaper expedient of just massacring them outright as certain other nations might have done in the same situation would have been. Yes, the death rate in those camps was unfortunately high but that was due to mismanagement and disease not policy: If you're prepared to be even half-way fair, instead of just Brit-bashing, take a look at the British army's own losses during the war from those same causes...
And, seriously, consider the parallels between those camps and the cramped 'reservations' into which the USA had forced the survivors from most of its native tribes, and the death rates in those too.

US missionaries are charged with promoting anti british ideas in India
:rolleyes: You honestly don't know how few Indians were prepared to listen to Christian missionaries in those days?
and shoot.
Do you mean "shot"? No, they'd have been deported instead. Don't judge us by what seem to be your own standards.
German ships with aid for the Boers (still guerrila active in 1904 despite the death toll on the concentration camps) are captured by the RN.
In OTL there was no guerilla activity left by this year or even the year before that, and if the Germans TTL have been trying to ship enough aid to the guerillas to prolong the situation by that much then they'd already have been caught several years earlier.

The Brits are faced with guerrila war in Africa
Not in South Africa now, as I've already explained, and any unrest elsewhere on that continent would almost certainly be little if any greater than the sort of tribal troubles that happened from time to time anyway and which the army had proven itself capable of suppressing with fairly small forces.
rebellion in India, a US suported ocupation of Hong Kong.
As I already explained, 'No' and 'No'.

The war will eventualy become a different WW1
France/Britain/Belgium/Italy/Portugal/Spain/Japan on one side
Germany/USA/Russia/A-H/China on the other.
Britain/France/Portugal/Spain/Russia v Germany/USA... and maybe China if you wait until after the Republic is established there, although unless that regime is a lot more effective than in OTL it's not going to be much use to you.
Belgium stays neutral unless & until one side or the other actually violates its borders, Japan I could honestly see going either way, Austria-Hungary has nothing to gain by getting involved on either side, and if A-H stays out then Italy -- which isn't really a 'colonial' power yet -- probably stays out as well.


Submarines would be a little too avant garde for efective interdiction use in 1905. The ideal ships, if ready on time, would be the Pennsylvania class Armoured Cruisers. OTL they were commissioned in 1905/6 and were dual role ships, able to operate as a fast wing of the fleet or for commerce interdiction/protection
Delay the war until thattime and you're giving Britain plenty of time to ready itself as well. Expect reforms like Haldane's to have been brought forwards, for one thing. And we have pelnty of cruisers of our own, with experience at both commerce-raiding and commerce-protection... and the USN, unlike the RN, doesn't have the oceans-wide network of coaling stations that's needed to sustain operations far from home.


A blockade would make sense if the Germans were shipping weapons for the Boers.
Oh, you mean a blockade there? Well, if we were blocking the flow of arms to people against whom we were actually already at war then under established international law -- as was recognised by both Germany and the USA in those days -- that would be perfectly legal. and thus not a legitimate casus belli
A number of colonial wars almost got started in places like Marocos.
You mean Morocco? YEs, but the key word is "almost".
The US went to war to seize a large chunck of Mexico, invaded Cuba and the Filipines, showed the flag in the name of its economical interests in South America on numerous ocasions.
And you don't see any difference in doing that against Spain or Latin American nations on the one hand and trying it against the entire BRITISH EMPIRE on the other? I assure you that, unless you've got an ASB causing mass stupidity, a lot of the American electorate would understand the difference in scale.

the US risked very little. In the long run, what they had they wouldn't loose, and they could win a lot.
:rolleyes::rolleyes:
Have you actually read all of this thread?

Prevent the Med from being instantly on the other side hands. Invade Italy.
The USA can't get forces there by sea, with the Royal Navy in the way. Germany has to send its army through either Switzerland or Austria-Hungary, neither of which has any real incentive to cooperate, and then force its way through narrow passes...

India in 1905 was India+Pakistan. Afeghanistam was a mess (it always is). Remove India from the Empire, remove the Brits from the Pacific, and you get in a position from wich Russia could clear the whole table of "the big game" before Kipling could say WTF...
And if my aunt had balls then she'd be my uncle...
This belongs in 'ASB', or even 'ABS'...
 
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The same Chinese whom you've just sent troops against, as part of a multinational force, to help relieve the siege of the Legation Quarter in Peking? They won't trust you, and you can't trust them.
Allegiances can shift very quickly in wartime. See the Balkan Wars.



Britain/France/Portugal/Spain/Russia v Germany/USA... and maybe China if you wait until after the Republic is established there, although unless that regime is a lot more effective than in OTL it's not going to be much use to you.
Belgium stays neutral unless & until one side or the other actually violates its borders, Japan I could honestly see going either way, Austria-Hungary has nothing to gain by getting involved on either side
Austria-Hungary has an alliance treaty with Germany. As for Russia, it was still somewhat hostile towards Britain at that point, so it might attack out of simple opportunism.
 
Somebody's didn't get his favourite dessert today

Simreeve, may I call you Sim, it's simpler and you seem to have a pre web fondness for spelling that is soo British, you really do believe we all speak your mother Tongue, don't you? Let me stick to small words.
1. You seem to believe the Victorian fairy tale that natives really enjoyed being your subjects, and colonialism was a benevolent form of improving all those dark skinned lives. It wasn't, and just like the eastern European socialist regimes, colonies only looked stable. That should have been clear in 1945. The natives didn't change their minds after WW2, they just realised you were weaker.
2. In a world that went to war and self destroyed to find out if Austrian police could search for terrorists across the Serbian border, going to war for conflicting economical concepts would make sense.
3. Colonies were a hang over from the great exploration voyages, not conducted in English, by the way, and somebody should have called them into question in the early XX century.
4. The colonial powers would initially rule the seas in 1905, if we stick to my line up, but how long until the combined german, Russian and Austrian armies overrun France and Italy. With the non colonials on the Pyrenees would Spain held. In a matter of weeks it would be Britain and Japan against the world. Wouldn't the natives get restless then?
The world could have gone straight to 1991 in the first decade of the XX centuries, your empire and the stupid german dream of emulating it prevented it.
My country had it's share of colonial atrocities. We just don't pretend they never happened.
Ops, forgot to turn off the auto spelling check. Just don't think I did it for you.
4.
 
Allegiances can shift very quickly in wartime. See the Balkan Wars.
But the Imperial Chinese government wasn't very flexible about dealing with foreigners.

Austria-Hungary has an alliance treaty with Germany.
For defence, yes: Not automatically applicable if it's Germany that's starting the war... and what exactly does it have to gain for taking part?
As for Russia, it was still somewhat hostile towards Britain at that point, so it might attack out of simple opportunism.
Attack where? It certainly doesn't have the capacity to do so by effectively sea, even if this is happening before the OTL Russo-Japanese War would have done, and despite British worries at the time it didn't really have the necessary level of organisation for sending a "worthwhile" force overland against India either...
 
Attack where? It certainly doesn't have the capacity to do so by effectively sea, even if this is happening before the OTL Russo-Japanese War would have done, and despite British worries at the time it didn't really have the necessary level of organisation for sending a "worthwhile" force overland against India either...
We are talking about coallition warfare here. The russians cold be attacking British proxies. If no such targets can be found, they could just stand by and wait for the opportunity to do something usefull. Russia might not be able to harm Britain, but Britain can't effectively harm Russia either.
 
At the turn of the century, how would the RN size up against an allied USN and Kriegsmarine? I'm not particularly knowledgeable about this era of naval warfare, so I'm inclined to say the RN would still be able to dominate the North Atlantic by bottling up the KM in the North Sea and making quick work of the USN's Atlantic squadrons, but I would like to hear what more knowledgeable people have to say.

In a short war, yes, but in a long war, say three-4 years, the UK would be defeated if the USA and Germany were serious about war. At the turn of the century, the USA and Germany individually had already surpassed the UK in industrial production. Once the economy has been turned over to war production, the USA and Germany would then have been producing enough ships and experience over the years until victory. The UK at the turn of the century would also not have had any allies to help out since France and Russia would still have been at cold terms with the UK and would have been ambivalent about going to war with the USA and Germany as enemies.

The RN might be able to seize overseas colonies early on but as the war drags on, the USA and Germany would either get them back or demand them back. Canada would have been invaded and annexed to the USA in a matter of months.

Germany alone could have done it especially if the UK tried for a total blockade of Germany like it happened in WW1 OTL. That blockade was illegal and if it happened this TL, then it would have have given the Germans a free hand to use unrestricted submarine warfare with the USA, and other countries (including France and Russia) supporting them. In WW1 OTL German unrestricted submarine warfare would have succeeded in forcing the UK to sue for peace if the USA had not forced Germany to give up on it.
 
1. You seem to believe the Victorian fairy tale that natives really enjoyed being your subjects, and colonialism was a benevolent form of improving all those dark skinned lives. It wasn't, and just like the eastern European socialist regimes, colonies only looked stable. That should have been clear in 1945. The natives didn't change their minds after WW2, they just realised you were weaker.
No, I don't believe that and never claimed to do so: If you read my previous posts thoroughly then you'll see that I actually mentioned some examples of unrest myself. However I know enough history to know that during the period in question -- which, you should remember was pre-WW1 rather than post-WW2, so that the balance of power between Britain and the rest of the empire was significantly more strongly in Britain's favour -- there wasn't anywhere within the Empire where a serious uprising would have been anything like as easy for the America-German Axis (Don't mind if I call it that, do you? I'd rather save the term 'Allliance' for Britain's side of the dispute...) to stir up as you've been suggesting.

India had seen the 'Mutiny' suppressed within living memory, with the strength of British forces in India and (by a change in recruiting patterns, as well as improved conditions) loyalty of the Indian Army improved significantly since then, and with regular troops' advantages over irregular rebels clearly imrpoved too, and such 'national' politiclal leaders as its people then had had were generally thinking in terms of seeking peaceful progresion to self-rule rather than revolution.

The West Indies, British Guiana and British Honduras were a peaceful backwater. The only garrison that we bothered to keep in the entire Caribbean area was a single battalion of Afro-Caribbean troops under British officers, and that was more to train troops for their sister-battalion serving in Africa than for local peacekeeping duties. Considering how blacks were generally treated in the USA in those days, how many people there do you honestly think would have considered achange from British rule to American "protection" a change worth risking their lives for?

Over in West Africa, the colonies of the Gambia, Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast and Nigeria were also generally no trouble: We generally ran them (apart from some trading ports, whose existence really depended on their links with the rest of the Empire anyway) through existing native elites, who admittedly had to give up some of their more power but who then didn't have to worry about coups, invasions by rivals, or anything like that... and the most warlike tribes (such as the Ashanti), who'd been threatening their neighbours, had generally been suppressed by this time. Furthermore, there was no real sense of 'natioanl identity' in any of those places yet so any uprisings would almost certainly have been limited to particular tribes' or city-states' peoples and any leader who might consider rebellion and was competent enough to pose a credible threat was probably bright enough to understand that the disparity in strengths meant they'd have no chance of success.
Kenya: More recently annexed, and less firmly controlled so far with warlike tribes who might have (and in some cases IOTL did) rebel. However with no 'national identity' developed yet, again, so that with the local history of inter-tribal conflict limiting their willingness to ally with each other we never had to worry IOTL about more than one or maybe two tribes at a time... and the USA of that period wouldn't have had people with the practice at "managing" tribal societies properly to persuade them otherwise.
Uganda: also a relatively new acquisition, but run as a protectorate mainly through existing local elites again... and, again, with no real likelihood of any trouble extending beyond a single tribe or minor kingdom at any one time.
Zanzibar: the Sultan knew that his country couldn't fight the Empire... Google the 'Anglo-Zanzibar War' to see why.
Bechuanaland, Swaziland, Basutoland: British protection voluntarily accepted by local leaders who were worried about Boer, Zulu, Portuguese and/or German expansion and saw us as definitely preferable to any of those other possibilities; IOTL never any problem, and their leaders were bright enough to recognise that because we were so much more poerful they never could be a serious military threat to our rule of South Africa.
South Africa (tribal areas), the 'Rhodesias', and Nyasaland: Some tribes might potentially rise up from time to time, but once again traditional hositilities always kept them from cooperating with each other and none of them -- not even the Zulu, or the Matabele -- were now strong enough to pose a serious threat.
Egypt (protectorate): Rule through established local elites who generally benefitted from this, but with a parliamentary system being allowed to develop too; 'Egyptian Army' composed mainly of Sudanese troops with British officers, and more loyal to the British Empire than to the Egyptian government; definitely quite a bit of unrest, but the only people who could have led widespread rebellions knew that they'd be defeated if they tried and so generally stuck to peaceful politial activity instead.
The Sudan: Mahdist rebellion recently and decisively suppressed, no other leaders with potential for country-wide revolution, unrest in some areas but nothing too well-armed or too well-organised for a relatively small British-run force to deal with quite quickly.
British Somaliland: low-level insurgency in the back-country, no real threat to British control over the bits that actually mattered.

Aden: Currently benefitting considerably from its place on the Empire's trade-routes, and peaceful: No local leaders capable of organising any widespread trouble, anyway.
Various other Arab states: locla rulers had accepted British protetction (and subsidies) as an alternative to worse possibilities. No unity, no strengthm,and no problems.
Ceylon: see India.
Burma: parts of it only a recent acquisition, some hostility to British rule that led to outbreaks of violence, but with the old royal family removed there was nobody whose leadership would be accepted on more than a local basis, the Burmans didn't seem to be very good fighters anyway, and we were keeping a strong enough garrison in the country to keep order more-or-less effectively.
Malaya & thereabouts: a collection of trading ports, that found membership in the empire very useful, minor states whose rulers had chosen to accept British protection for safety against Dutch or Siamese expansion, and North Borneo which was run by a British company but populated by a number of different ethnic groups with no intrinsic unity. No rebellions IOTL until the one after WW2, and even then that was only by a small minority from amongst the Chinese settlers (who were proportionately less numerous anyway at this earlier date) and was promoted by an international Communist movement that didn't really exist this much earlier on.
Various grous of islands in the Pacific: Some joined us for protection from other powers, some saw economic benefits in doing so, some had already been heavily penetrated by settlers before we took control and their natives were generally grateful that we legally restrained those settlers from exploiting them any further... IOTL, no rebellions.

Was there anywhere else, in particular, taht you had in mind?

(And before you say Ireland, the situation there during this period was basically one of working peacefully towards 'home rule' too. You might be able to trigger a rebellion, but you'd almost certainly need to commit a sizeable force of American troops in order to do so and the Royal Navy would keep you from doing that.)

Seriously, your claims about how easily the USA could have brought about empire-wide rebellions against British rule in those days are almost as unfounded as my claims would be if I were to claim that Britain could easily have brought about a USA-wide rebellion by the oppressed African-Americans and 'Native American' peoples in that period...


2. In a world that went to war and self destroyed to find out if Austrian police could search for terrorists across the Serbian border, going to war for conflicting economical concepts would make sense.
A world that went to war because the nature of warfare in those days meant that once unfriendly neighbours had started mobilising their forces you had to do the same promptly or risk being at a serious disadvantage if they then attacked you, in which nations had understandably formed alliances with each other for mutual protection, and in which Germany saw a potential way of gaining both colonies and a slice of what was then the Russian Empire by encouraging Austria-Hungary to push the Serbs too hard because they knew that this would bring both Russia and France into the war too and thought that they could beat those countries withotu too much trouble... Not quite the same thing, that, and blatantly announcing that you'd gone to war with another 'civilised' nation simply in order to seize colonies had just about become unacceptable in international relations by then...

3. Colonies were a hang over from the great exploration voyages, not conducted in English, by the way, and somebody should have called them into question in the early XX century.
Oh, good grief, go away and learn a lot more history!
The idea of colonies goes back at least to the Classical period, a fair proportion of the great exploration voyages were carried out (or at least, in some cases, financed) by the English/British, the Empire had been accumulating colonies on-and-off from quite early on during those voyages right up until the period we're talking about (and didn't actually stop doing so until even later on...), and some people had already started calling them into question by that point but in wide swathes of the world they seemed the best option available at the time. You do realise that a lot of the countries involved would just have fallen apart back into clusters of rival (and often warring) 'pre-industrial' tribes or petty kingdoms if the Europeans had withdrawn, right? I'm certainly not trying to claim that colonialism was carried out for the sole benefit of the native populations, by no means so, but it is a fact that a lot of those areas would be significantly worse off today if they never had been colonised...

4. The colonial powers would initially rule the seas in 1905, if we stick to my line up, but how long until the combined german, Russian and Austrian armies overrun France and Italy. With the non colonials on the Pyrenees would Spain held. In a matter of weeks it would be Britain and Japan against the world. Wouldn't the natives get restless then?
As I pointed out, the likelihood of you getting "combined German, Russian and Austrian" armies all fighting like that just so that Germany and the USA can grab colonies for themsleves, with neither a better-sounding reason put forwards nor anything obvious for the either the Russians or the Hapsburgs to gain from doing so, is pretty minimal.

The world could have gone straight to 1991 in the first decade of the XX centuries,
Bullshit! A lot of the world would have gone straight back to 'pre-industrial' times and to numerous widespread wars anyway if the colonial powers had simply abdicated their power... and the economies of all the industrialised nations, including the USA, would have suffered badly too.
My country had it's share of colonial atrocities. We just don't pretend they never happened.
If your country happens to be the USA then a lot of your fellow countrypeople do make such claims: In fact I've even seen that happen in this very forum, within the last couple of weeks...
 
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We are talking about coallition warfare here. The russians cold be attacking British proxies. If no such targets can be found, they could just stand by and wait for the opportunity to do something usefull. Russia might not be able to harm Britain, but Britain can't effectively harm Russia either.
So, as I said, there's nowhere for them to actually do anything... and, in the meanwhile, their international trade (such as that is) suffers. Even Nicholas II probably wasn't quite that stupid.


In a short war, yes, but in a long war, say three-4 years, the UK would be defeated if the USA and Germany were serious about war. At the turn of the century, the USA and Germany individually had already surpassed the UK in industrial production. Once the economy has been turned over to war production, the USA and Germany would then have been producing enough ships and experience over the years until victory. The UK at the turn of the century would also not have had any allies to help out since France and Russia would still have been at cold terms with the UK and would have been ambivalent about going to war with the USA and Germany as enemies.
Yes, those powers would have been ambivalent about helping Britain... but France, at least, would probably have been even more worried about the risk of Germany profiting enough from a British defeat to be even more of a threat to French interests afterwards.
And would either the American public as a whole or a majority of its "leading" classes really have been happy about entering such a lengthy struggle against what was in several ways the world's leading power at that time, with the higher taxes that would be required to finance this and the other economic problems involved, with such scanty justiification and for such nebulous hopes of gain?

Canada would have been invaded and annexed to the USA in a matter of months.
As has already been pointed out, by somebody else, that would depend on when this war actually started because at the beginning of the period in question the American army was nowhere near strong enough for such an operation. And as most Canadians would oppose the idea, so much for the USA's proclaimed high moral stance against colonialism... And just think about the costs of continued military occupation on the necessary scale, too...

Germany alone could have done it especially if the UK tried for a total blockade of Germany like it happened in WW1 OTL. That blockade was illegal and if it happened this TL, then it would have have given the Germans a free hand to use unrestricted submarine warfare with the USA, and other countries (including France and Russia) supporting them. In WW1 OTL German unrestricted submarine warfare would have succeeded in forcing the UK to sue for peace if the USA had not forced Germany to give up on it.
Germany alone couldn't outbuild Britain in warships without diverting more money than they could afford from other matters, they tried IOTL and failed and there's been nothing presented in this thread that would have improved their prospects in that respect. That being the case, and considering that the surface fleet they did build lacked the sort of long-range capabilities needed expeditions to take colonies of any real size away from Britain so that they'd have had to design and build a whole set of new classes of ship too -- and then they'd have trouble finding enough good sailors to man all of those vessels -- they're not going to be a serious threat in that way for a lonnng time unless the USA carries out a massive building programme too and they then manage to join forces across the ocean.
And if the date of this war is as early as America-Germany Axis supporters have already been suggesting in order to reduce the chance of a Franco-British alliance, then the U-boats simply aren't good enough yet for anything but defending Germany's own coasts against invasions that Britain wouldn't be stupid enough to launch in the first place...
 
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The consensus seems to be that in a short fight with OTL navies the RN would most likely come out on top. In a long war the USN would out produce the RN but I personally suspect it would a bloody war of attrition.

The fundamental issue I have is I have not seen one credible reason offered for the USA and Imperial Germany linking up, never mind the USA launching a pre-planned war of aggression, necessary if you want a quick US victory rather than a long war. Within the constraints of real world politics why would they do it? Most of the options presented seem to require the US to behave more like the Draka than the nation that was so monumentally reluctant to become embroiled in two world wars, when it took direct threats/attacks against US territory to get them involved.
 
and, in the meanwhile, their international trade (such as that is) suffers. Even Nicholas II probably wasn't quite that stupid.
I don't think Russia was that much dependant on overseas international trade. It din't (yet) have colonies (buc could have grabbed some if it ended up on the winning side).
Anyway, either Britain has allies on the continent, in which case Russia can thake out those allies, or it has no allies, in which case it will be to busy fighting against two other naval powers to be able to do anything serious against Russia.
 
The USA?

That I find offensive. For a guy who reads post with a love of detail usually more used by stamp collectors you could have checked my location.
A few brief points. What was holding empires together was not occupation troops but a "end of history". Native populations had stoped believing in independence in the way animals in new age zoos no longer notice that there isn't even a cage anymore. Empires were being held by a sense of inevitability. Like comunism, before you got the live monster, you had to unleash a spectre.
In my 2nd stage posts, since this begun more as a wargame thread than a different path one, I always started with a really different imperial Germany. A XIX century POD was required. The Berlim conference would have to be turned into a split btw powers who want to preserve the colonial status quo, and powers who wan a whole new game. Like I said, somebody would have to give the kaiser an hell of a power point presentation. But there was no shortage of great minds around.
Colonies in the oversea sense of let's cross an ocean and claimed a land because we were the first White guys there, that we (not the US) and the Spanish invented (different from the roman and cartageian colonies you seem to be referring to at a certain point) were cheating the world economy out of progress because they were preventing competition.
I'll explain the 1991 in 1910 idea in simpler terms. In 1991 we all believed in basically one economical model. Take away overseas colonies and we could all be on that page in 1910. Nobody is saying it would be like 1991 all the way. We still have to invent a lot of gadgets.
The XX century was full of countries trying to prove Hegel wrong and doing stupid things. Take Japan. Asian on Asian colonialism based on racism?
Ideas spread. Put a genius in Germany. I called him a geoeconomist. A guy like Darwin or Marx. Put his ideas at the core of a very different Germany. If you want just call it ASB. And stop pretending we're your students. It's only teaching if you get paid to do it. This is the web. It's a conversation. Let it flow. Stop combing other people's posts for snide remark slots.
One final note on the Boer war. If you round up people, stick them in concentration camps and let them starve while their farms go to waste that's an atrocity. Just because it wasn't done by Germans doesn't mean it was just fun and games.
 
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