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The POD for this is a failed attempt by Charles Martel to expropriate clerical lands after the battle of Poitiers. The Franks therefore can't suppport adequate cavalry forces to successfully repel subsequent Ummayad invasion and eventuallly fall to the Muslim armies.

In a Europe where the Islamic conquests did not stop in Southern and the Ummayads went on to conquer all of present day France, Central Europe and Italy before successfully invading Britain and Ireland. How would Europe differ culturally from OTL? Would Christianity have been tolerated or would everyone be converted to Islam? Would Columbus or someone like him have discovered the new world and would there still have been European colonialism?
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