Part 3 of German Update
Here is part 3 of the German update. I'm dealing here with the Nuremburg Trials. This section may also explain why the Scandinavian Federation got such a boost scientifically.
Geon
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The Nuremburg Trials:
The Nuremburg Trials would begin in November of 1946. The purpose according to the Allies was to bring to justice those members of the Third Reich’s government, military, and scientific community who had committed “crimes against humanity.” The purpose according to many Germans was to punish Germany period. The judges for the trial were initially planned to come from the major allied nations. However, at the request of the developing Scandinavian Federation a judge was allowed to sit on the panel from that group of nations as well.
The trials would come in several stages; first the trial of senior civilian leaders of the Reich which lasted from November 1946 to June 1947 and ended with most of the defendants (Frick, Frank, etc.) being sentenced to death with the exception of Rudolph Hess who was sentenced to life imprisonment and Karl Raeder who was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Only one senior civilian leader of the Third Reich was acquitted and this was Hjalmar Schacht.
The second stage of the Nuremburg Trials would last from June, 1947 through the end of December. Several judges and lawyers who had been responsible for condemning their fellow Germans to terrible fates were tried and found guilty. In this phase while there were no acquittals there also were no executions. However all of those found guilty in this trial would end up staying in Spandau Prison for very long prison sentences; some would spend the remainder of their lives there.
The third stage of the trials would be for the military leaders of the Reich. Many both in and out of Germany questioned the legality of bringing military leaders to trial for crimes committed by the military in a civilian court. But it was decided that a civilian court would decide the fate of the generals simply because they had been responsible for so many civilian deaths especially by their indiscriminate use of poison gas toward the end of the war. The “General’s Trial” as it would be called resulted in most of Germany’s finest generals being condemned either to life imprisonment (Guderian, Model, etc.) or death (Jodl, von Rundstedt, etc).
The final stage of the trial was the so-called “Scientist Trial” which lasted from January 1948 through May and included not only those who had conducted horrifying medical experiments on inmates in concentration camps but other scientists who had used slave labor or had helped to manufacture “weapons of mass destruction” which were later used against civilians. Among those in the docket was Dr. Werner von Braun. Many in the Allied nations believed von Braun and those that worked with him should see the short end of a noose for the part they had played in Operation Trojan Victory and the use of V1s and V2s during the war on civilian targets. Many of the justices privately would write later that they would have had no problems sending the men who built the weapons that had hit Paris, Philadelphia, and Oslo to their deaths. However, to the surprise of all not one rocket scientist was condemned to death. Rather all would receive life sentences. Most of the medical scientists on the other hand were sentenced to death. Among the “mad doctors,” as they would be called in the media only a handful managed to survive with life sentences.
The fact that not one of the rocket or atomic scientists received either the death sentence, a reduced sentence nor was acquitted might seem puzzling until you added in a simple but very ugly little word – blackmail. By a prior agreement (the one made with Stalin and later modified to include the Scandinavian nations) it was agreed the scientists would be equally divided among the victors. The knowledge of the rocket and atomic scientists was simply too valuable.
The convicted were given a simple choice. They could accept their sentences and remain for the rest of their lives in Spandau Prison with not even paper and pencil to continue their work or they could accept the offer of a “more comfortable confinement” in exchange for working for one of the victorious allied nations. It was not surprising that especially among the rocket scientists the choice was to work for the Allies. Von Braun and several of his colleagues would be secretly brought to America and would live under comfortable “house arrest” for most of the rest of their lives at the Vandenberg Air Force Base where they would test early models of the rockets that later would be the staple of the American space program. The scientists that the Soviet Union claimed simply disappeared into special Siberian gulags where they would eventually die in captivity after being milked dry for all of their knowledge. The scientists who went to the SF however (which included both specialists in the rocket and atomic fields) were told that if they cooperated with the governments of the SF and produced results their cases would be “reexamined” at a later date and they might be given their freedom. By 1970 all of the scientists from Germany who were still alive in the SF were free “on parole” as it were.
There were several notable absences from the Nuremburg Trials; notably Hitler himself, Goering, Martin Bormann, Adolf Eichmann, and Dr. Joseph Mengele among others. However in 1952 the Nuremburg Tribunal was reconvened one final time when an army counterintelligence/counterinsurgency group captured Martin Bormann literally almost right under the Tribunal’s nose! Bormann’s trial was an anticlimax, except for the infamous “Prison Raid,” which spelled the end of the active Nazi insurgency for that time. Bormann steadfastly refused to admit guilt for any of the crimes he was charged with and proudly stated his innocence “before God and history.” The court condemned him to death and the sentence was carried out three days afterwards. To avoid the creation of a shrine to his memory Bormann’s body would be cremated and the ashes would be given a burial at sea during the night.