How should LBJ have approached Vietnam?

Why not opt for a smaller, elite corps committed to stay for longer terms of duty with many troops learning the local language.

Because you need to take and hold the land. And hold, I mean physically present there and do good works (charity, medical, building...). 200k (at peak) troops specialised in SpecOp warfare would not solve this.

Besides, active US combat troops alone are enough to score a propaganda victory for Viet Nam (the DRVN/NLF faction, not the Sai Gon Regime). It validates their claim that the US was simply replacing the France and keep the Western hold on Viet Nam.
 
It had no real strategic significance as later events proved
It only had value in displaying that the US would fight for a client, no matter how odious.
LBJ didn't want to be the first to start that trend, against pure Communist aggression.

Truman at the time, hadn't been 'rehabilitated' as a good president, losing China and stalemate in Korea were seen as his fault.
 
Not the more religious ones, esp. after the Tet massacres.

They were a largish minority, nothing more. The NLF presented solutions to problems that the RVN Government suffered signicantly to namely severe corruption.
 
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And Vietnam was not like Germany, Saudi Arabia, or Japan. It had no real strategic significance as later events proved.
Through Vietnam Communism spread to Laos and Cambodia, though Cam Ranh Bay the Soviet Pacific Fleet was able to massively expand and better support its Indian Ocean Squadron, and Vietnam's pro-Soviet stance forced China to shift its attention away from the Sino-Soviet border.

Victory in Vietnam was a huge boon to the Soviet Bloc, they just failed to properly take advantage of it.
 
Sometimes , colonial imperialist regimes just have to learn the hard way. Maybe the local communist movements in Indo-china won because they earned it?

As for the Soviet bloc failing to exploit their "advantage", maybe the local SE Asia communists finally had as much use for them as they had for the Americans. Interlopers, they were only useful as long as they were needed to keep the western imperialists "honest".

Once the Americans were trade-trade instead of fight-fight, the Russians were through., Lesson learned? In that era, if the locals were tired of interlopers, the interlopers could either leave with dignity or they could bug-out in disgrace.

Fall of Saigon - Vietnam: A look back in pictures at the ...
 
Through Vietnam Communism spread to Laos and Cambodia, though Cam Ranh Bay the Soviet Pacific Fleet was able to massively expand and better support its Indian Ocean Squadron, and Vietnam's pro-Soviet stance forced China to shift its attention away from the Sino-Soviet border.

Except it was Chinese style Communism that came to run Cambodia under Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge. The Soviet presence at Cam Ranh Bay was more a nuisance than a significant threat. It would have lasted about five minutes if a war started between the USA and the fUSSR. The US bases at Subic and Clark would have directed most of their energies at Cam Ranh Bay across the China Sea from the Philippines.

The fUSSR was particularly interested in the triumph of Communism in Vietnam. It supported the North but it was actually the North which was calling the shots. The former Soviet Ambassador to Hanoi during the war wrote after the collapse of the Soviet Union that when the North's Politburo met, he was made to wait outside in the corridor and then he was called in and presented with a list of requests for materiale'. He and none of the Soviets had any ability to direct what was occurring in South Vietnam or Laos or Cambodia.

The Domino Theory was a myth created by Cold War warriors in Washington and bore no reality on the ground.
 
LBJ should have not gotten involved and instead focused on the Great Society programs.
agree, but this is one of those things that would look bad at the time and much better to future generations. It might have gone over better if the US had gotten out of Vietnam even earlier than 1965, maybe right after LBJ takes over after JFK's assassination...
 
Except it was Chinese style Communism that came to run Cambodia under Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge.
For less than 4 years, then the PAVN rolled in and Cambodia was a Soviet aligned Vietnamese puppet.

The Soviet presence at Cam Ranh Bay was more a nuisance than a significant threat.
Cool. Already covered that with, "they just failed to properly take advantage of it."

The US bases at Subic and Clark would have directed most of their energies at Cam Ranh Bay across the China Sea from the Philippines.
underlined: assets that could have been pointed literally anywhere else but now had to be wasted on a former USAF base.

The fUSSR
Quick reminder, it wasn't "former" at the time.

It supported the North but it was actually the North which was calling the shots. The former Soviet Ambassador to Hanoi during the war wrote after the collapse of the Soviet Union that when the North's Politburo met, he was made to wait outside in the corridor and then he was called in and presented with a list of requests for materiale'. He and none of the Soviets had any ability to direct what was occurring in South Vietnam or Laos or Cambodia.
I'm well aware of that. Accordingly I never said anything to the contrary.

The Domino Theory was a myth created by Cold War warriors in Washington and bore no reality on the ground.
You're right! I will be sure to add the Vietnamese instigation of and intervention in the Laotian Civil War, and Vietnam's 1978 invasion of Cambodia, and the Vietnamese sponsored Communist Insurgency in Thailand to the list of myths. After all they clearly didn't happen.
 
Through Vietnam Communism spread to Laos and Cambodia, though Cam Ranh Bay the Soviet Pacific Fleet was able to massively expand and better support its Indian Ocean Squadron, and Vietnam's pro-Soviet stance forced China to shift its attention away from the Sino-Soviet border.

Victory in Vietnam was a huge boon to the Soviet Bloc, they just failed to properly take advantage of it.
It's a small planet and almost every scrap of land has some theoretically strategic "significance". The long term impact of Vietnam on the Soviet Bloc was probably the fact that it was a financial drain - like Cuba, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, etc. - and hastened the ultimate decline and fall of the USSR.
 
As for the Soviet bloc failing to exploit their "advantage", maybe the local SE Asia communists finally had as much use for them as they had for the Americans. Interlopers, they were only useful as long as they were needed to keep the western imperialists "honest".
When did I suggest that the USSR should treat Vietnam as a colony rather than an ally? Be less blatant with your straw man attacks.

Once the Americans were trade-trade instead of fight-fight, the Russians were through.
On the contrary the military and economic cooperation between Vietnam and Russia remains quite strong to this day.
 
When did I suggest that the USSR should treat Vietnam as a colony rather than an ally? Be less blatant with your straw man attacks.

Past is prologue. One did not have to suggest anything of the kind. Look at the Warsaw Pact. Nothing strawman to note Russian behavior then or now. TBH, when the Russians collapsed their empire, the Vietnamese treated them with ... "contempt".

On the contrary the military and economic cooperation between Vietnam and Russia remains quite strong to this day.

Russia’s Awkward Dance with Vietnam - Foreign Policy ...

Interlopers are interlopers.
 
He should have defected set clear objectives for what he wanted to do there. There was no real way of intervening heavily in south without attacking the North if the objective was to win the war. If the objective was not the preservation of the South, then escalating American involvement was criminal.
 
And its not like Prince Sihanouk was any kind of friend to the USA
If a neutral country can't control it's borders and prevent combatants from moving through or setting up bases then the Hague conventions allow combatants to enter the country for that purpose.

Bomb any SAM or Radar site - if the Russians don't want to lose people in air raids then don't stand on the target. Bomb the dykes early in the dry season to encourage them to negotiate.

Either go big or go home.
 

Deleted member 1487

If a neutral country can't control it's borders and prevent combatants from moving through or setting up bases then the Hague conventions allow combatants to enter the country for that purpose.

Bomb any SAM or Radar site - if the Russians don't want to lose people in air raids then don't stand on the target. Bomb the dykes early in the dry season to encourage them to negotiate.

Either go big or go home.
The problem was LBJ was neither willing to mobilize the necessary men and deal with the political fallout, nor distract from his domestic agenda (Great Society programs), so split the difference. Until 1968 it looked like the war was being won, so it was unnecessary anyway, but by then it was too late for LBJ. Then it was on Nixon, who still was hampered by fear of sparking another Korean war or even WW3.
 
The problem was LBJ was neither willing to mobilize the necessary men and deal with the political fallout, nor distract from his domestic agenda (Great Society programs), so split the difference. Until 1968 it looked like the war was being won, so it was unnecessary anyway, but by then it was too late for LBJ. Then it was on Nixon, who still was hampered by fear of sparking another Korean war or even WW3.
At every step of the way, there were 3 choices - get out, dramatic escalation, or keep making incremental changes to the same strategy. Because the first two would have serious short term political costs, the choice was always the third. The path of least resistance was to keep on doing what we had been doing but to do a little more of it.
 
The problem was LBJ was neither willing to mobilize the necessary men and deal with the political fallout, nor distract from his domestic agenda (Great Society programs), so split the difference. Until 1968 it looked like the war was being won, so it was unnecessary anyway, but by then it was too late for LBJ. Then it was on Nixon, who still was hampered by fear of sparking another Korean war or even WW3.
Absolutely, you either go all in or don't bother. I don't think win was doable but a Korean style armistice and halt in place might have been pulled off but it would have required ongoing US security guarantees that I don't think the US would want to make.
 
If a neutral country can't control it's borders and prevent combatants from moving through or setting up bases then the Hague conventions allow combatants to enter the country for that purpose.

Bomb any SAM or Radar site - if the Russians don't want to lose people in air raids then don't stand on the target. Bomb the dykes early in the dry season to encourage them to negotiate.

Either go big or go home.
I agree - either go big or go home. I would not gradually start the bombing but I would hit them hard from day one. Take out all air defense all the way up to the Chinese border, hit the dykes, hit the major cities, bomb the docks in Haiphong. On the ground, enter Laos and cut the HCM trail. Bribe the Cambodians to stop infiltration through that vector and if they don't agree, blockage Cambodia.
If the political costs are too high to do this things, then bail out.
 

Deleted member 1487

Absolutely, you either go all in or don't bother. I don't think win was doable but a Korean style armistice and halt in place might have been pulled off but it would have required ongoing US security guarantees that I don't think the US would want to make.
Problem is the politics of it; it was at it's core a political conflict, so you can't just nope out of it without basically handing the next election to the Republicans. Kennedy fucked up royally with how South Vietnam was treated and trained by MACV and LBJ didn't really improve things until he was already a lame duck president. The war was still winnable even after, but politics got in the way again; I'm really starting to think if Nixon hadn't gotten caught or didn't try Watergate South Vietnam would have survived and effectively won the conflict. After all they effectively defeated the NVA's Eastern Offensive in 1972 virtually on their own on the ground (the US only suffered 300 dead during that, ARVN something like 25k KIA, and the NVA 100k at least). Final defeat was only because Congress cut off funding for South Vietnam after Nixon was finished based on the faulty perception that the NVA was winning rather than wrecking itself (after 1972 it couldn't replace losses and lost nearly all their AFVs) while ARVN was getting better every year.

The Korean style armistice WAS achieved IOTL with the Paris Accords. The NVA broke it and the US not only didn't enforce their own guarantees, they basically betrayed South Vietnam by financially and materially cutting them off and sabotaging their ability to defend themselves. The ComBloc didn't cut off the NVA, who then had the material advantage in 1974-75 and simply outgunned ARVN:
Severe cutbacks in U.S. aid directly affected military performance. Artillery batteries previously allocated 100 rounds per day were reduced to firing only four daily. Each ARVN soldier was restricted to only 85 bullets per month. Because of fuel shortages and lack of spare parts, sorties by South Vietnamese helicopter and cargo aircraft shrank by 50 to 70 percent.[27] Due to President Thiệu's "no surrender of territory" command, the army was stretched to the limit defending terrain along a 600-mile frontier. Even the nation's strategic reserve, the Airborne and Marine Divisions, were occupied in static defensive roles. The ARVN, schooled by the Americans in rapid mobility and application of massive firepower, were losing the ability to deliver either.[28] The military situation was exacerbated by the collapse of the South Vietnamese economy and a massive influx of refugees into the cities.[29]

During the same period, the North Vietnamese were recovering from losses incurred during the Easter Offensive of 1972 by replacing personnel and modernizing their equipment with a new influx of Soviet and Chinese military aid. During 1973, North Vietnam received 2.8 million metric tons of goods (worth $330 million) from communist-bloc countries, a 50 percent increase over the previous year. In 1974 that total increased to 3.5 million metric tons ($400 million) (according to CIA), while the South's aid was slashed to only $965 million per year, down from $2.2 billion.[30] As a result, the number of artillery tubes within South Vietnam increased to 430, including new 122 mm and 130 mm guns, while armored forces were estimated to have increased to 655 tanks and armored personnel carriers, including the new Soviet-built BTR-60.
 
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It's a small planet and almost every scrap of land has some theoretically strategic "significance". The long term impact of Vietnam on the Soviet Bloc was probably the fact that it was a financial drain - like Cuba, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, etc. - and hastened the ultimate decline and fall of the USSR.
If you want to get technical then we may as well accept that the entire Soviet economic model was unsustainable at best and that the Cold War was, from the outset, basically a death sentence for the Soviets.

At which point we reach the conclusion that, long term, the USSR didn't have a single strategic victory for the entire Cold War.

Past is prologue. One did not have to suggest anything of the kind. Look at the Warsaw Pact. Nothing strawman to note Russian behavior then or now.
The USSR's treatment of its European hostages =/= its treatment of states it couldn't roll an armoured column into.

TBH, when the Russians collapsed their empire, the Vietnamese treated them with ... "contempt".
Or rather treated them the same as everyone else as per their Three Nos Policy. And now China's making noises and Russians are back (in a quite limited capacity) in Cam Ranh.


An interesting read for sure but not particularly supportive of your point. Friends with conflicting interests aren't exactly rare (see: the clusterf*ck that is NATO).
 
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