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Focusing on logistical, geographic, and economic factors only, how many additional provinces could be created in Canada, and how populous could the north be?
What is the most northerly border that could sustain a Canadian presence on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts? If it helps, Canada can include Alaska, Maine, or Greenland.
Imagine a scenario where a latitude line is placed at the southernmost tip of Ontario province. This latitude line is gradually moved up, splitting Canada into two countries, Southern Canada and Northern Canada. How far north can you move up the latitude line to where the part of Canada north of the line can support itself as an independent and sovereign country?
Does this change if the POD is hundreds of years in the past, and Canada can be more populated or even have a different selection of crops prior to the time when industrialization gets going?