Assuming it doesn't pick a war with the WAllies again and get nuked out of existence? Probably about a generation or two, assuming somebody sane (read: not a Nazi ideologue) doesn't get into power and realize how badly they have fucked their education system. After that, even if the state somehow survives it will become a North Korea-esque hellhole.
Seriously, the Nazis make the Soviets look like saints when it came to their education system. By the end of the 1930s, thousands of teachers were leaving their jobs because they couldn't handle it any more; by 1938, there were only 2500 teachers graduating a year, to replace the 8,000 teachers annually leaving. Class sizes increased to 43 students per teacher, compared to 37 in 1927, and less then 1/14 of all secondary schoolteachers were under the age of 40. By 1939 school employers were complaining that graduates' standards of knowledge of language and arithmetic were poor and that the level of school knowledge of the examinees has been sinking for some time.
The Third Reich, in 1939, had 41,000 students in universities which was down from 104,000 in 1931. In technical universities, numbers fell from 22,000 in 1931 to 12,000 in 1939. Amongst the smaller student body, the percentage of students going into the sciences had declined, going from 12% to 8% of the student body. Medicine, oddly enough, was the real winner, going from 1/3 of the student body in 1932 to nearly half in 1939. Meanwhile, the number of females in higher education fell from 17,000 in 1932 to under 6,000 in 1939; hardly an encouraging sign.
Even if sometimes the Soviets couldn't resist the sirens call of imposing ideology upon the hard sciences (why yes Lysenkoism, I'm looking at you) they generally had the good sense of recognizing that Marxism is a social ideology that is about human societies and not about the physical universe. Hence, they did not fuck their educational system up all that badly. So, rather than landing Aryan supermen on the moon, the Nazis are going to face severe problems keeping up with the US and any other liberal democracies in terms of science and technology.
Not to mention their peacetime economic policies were even more borked then their war time one.