How long could a Soviet government in exile survive in the Urals?

Had the Soviet Union been defeated during World War II in 1941, the remnants of the government would've inevitably been pushed into the Ural Mountains and into Siberia while Hitler got most of European Russia.

Had this actually happened, how long could a Soviet government in exile have survived in those kinds of conditions in a timeline where Britain was defeated in 1940?
 
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I think the answer depends on whether the US gets into the war and how and when the Soviet Union fell. If there is a quick win after Barbarossa and before the US is involved or sending Lend-Lease to the USSR, then the government's hold on things might be pretty tenuous. If, on the other hand, the defeat comes later -- say after a Stalingrad type battle that the Germans win, then the US might keep sending supplies over and this would improve the odds that such a government would hang on, perhaps indefinitely.
 
"Stalin's Bunker" in Samara

The Soviets had plans for such event. During World War II, Kuybyshev (Samara) was chosen to be the alternative capital of the Soviet Union should Moscow fall to the invading Germans until the summer of 1943, when everything was moved back to Moscow. In October 1941, the Communist Party and governmental organizations, diplomatic missions of foreign countries, leading cultural establishments and their staff were evacuated to the city. A dug-out for Joseph Stalin known as "Stalin's Bunker" was constructed but never used.


 
"How long" implies Germany and Japan win the war.

So how long? If the Germans and Japanese leave them be they can last indefinitely but that wont happen because both have had ideas about Germany vs Japan wars before WW2 was even over, a war which would be fought on the remains of the USSR.
 
Nitpick: As long as it's on Soviet territory, it's not a "government in exile." "A government in exile differs from a rump state in the sense that a rump state controls at least part of its former territory.[2] For example, during World War I, nearly all of Belgium was occupied by Germany, but Belgium and its allies held on to a small slice in the country's west. A government in exile, in contrast, has lost all its territory." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_in_exile And holding on to the Urals and Siberia is of course holding on to far more of the USSR than the Belgian government held on to Belgium in World War I.
 
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