I think I missed how Japan would be permitted to establish an influence in Hawai'i unless Russia takes the islands and Japan takes them as a prize in 1905?
Either way the main contenders will be the US and UK, though a wily Hawaiian monarch might be able to have the great powers bidding for influence and parlay them off one another. I do not think Russia has the navy or the It would take someone with significant political ability and Oahu (if not great Hawaii) would still likely become very European, but it might let Waikiki and Honolulu become more like distinct exclaves instead of just more parts of another (beautiful) American metropolis. By 1890 it seems clear that if not already under one empire's control Hawai'i will certainly be walking a very careful road.
Either way the main contenders will be the US and UK, though a wily Hawaiian monarch might be able to have the great powers bidding for influence and parlay them off one another. I do not think Russia has the navy or the It would take someone with significant political ability and Oahu (if not great Hawaii) would still likely become very European, but it might let Waikiki and Honolulu become more like distinct exclaves instead of just more parts of another (beautiful) American metropolis. By 1890 it seems clear that if not already under one empire's control Hawai'i will certainly be walking a very careful road.
