Allied strategic decisions Fall 1942
The Arcadia Conference November 7 – 15, 1942 (Quebec)
Churchill and Roosevelt, along with their staffs, meet in Quebec to discuss military and political strategy. The bombing of Seattle is placing tremendous pressure domestically on Roosevelt to focus American power on Japan first, while the Invasion of India and the Second Indian Campaign, as well as the Australians are forcing Churchill into the same situation. Also attending are Prime Minister Curtin of Australia, Prime Minister King of Canada, Prime Minister Smuts of South Africa, and the Soviet Deputy Minister Gromyko, who is there in secret.
Roosevelt finds that he is forced to agree that urgent reinforcements are needed for India and the only place they can be drawn from is from the British 1st Army in North Africa as Wavell needs every man he has in the Middle East and Persia in case the Turks join the war on the German side, and domestically sending American troops to help the British defend their Empire in India is simply not possible.
However, Churchill finds that in order to accomplish this he will have to make huge concessions in India. In spite of an outburst where Churchill declares “He did not become the Crown's first minister to dissolve the British Empire!” eventually he is forced to face the situation as it is and agree to do exactly that in India. The Commonwealth and American politicians agree to send Clement Attlee to India to begin the needed ground work to create one or more independent states there as the new Viceroy, and agree with the military chiefs that Auchenleck has to go and that Alexander is the man to send.
While no one is happy about this compromise, all are forced to focus on the fact that controlling the sea lanes to Persia is absolutely vital in order to support the Soviet Union, which is making promises about entering the war in a years time against Japan, and sooner if attacked by Germany. The Soviets also note that the best way to keep Turkey out of the war is to avoid defeat in Persia and western India. The Americans also pledge additional Lend Lease Aid to India, and the Soviets agree to a cut in their aid because of the constraints of shipping as long as this aid is made up for later.
In terms of military strategy, the Allies agree that defeating Japan and instituting a blockade that leaves it isolated to the Home Islands is the primary military goal, as an invasion would siphon off troops needed for Europe, and that this goal of knocking Japan effectively out of the war is the first priority. Available forces will continue to battle the Germans and European Axis where they can be reached, and beginning in 1944 a Combined Bomber Offensive will begin when US Army Air Force bombers forces are large enough to spare bombers for Europe. In the meantime the British will begin their offensive in the Spring of 1943 after the RAF Bomber Command is reequipped and retrained. The Allies agree that an invasion of Norway will be planned for the Spring of 1944 so as to knock Sweden and Finland out of the war and allow for Lend Lease Convoys to reach the Soviet Union without the long haul across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
Finally, the Allied leaders agree to the establishment of the United Nations, with a formal session to be held in San Francisco as early as the summer of 1944.
The Arcadia Conference November 7 – 15, 1942 (Quebec)
Churchill and Roosevelt, along with their staffs, meet in Quebec to discuss military and political strategy. The bombing of Seattle is placing tremendous pressure domestically on Roosevelt to focus American power on Japan first, while the Invasion of India and the Second Indian Campaign, as well as the Australians are forcing Churchill into the same situation. Also attending are Prime Minister Curtin of Australia, Prime Minister King of Canada, Prime Minister Smuts of South Africa, and the Soviet Deputy Minister Gromyko, who is there in secret.
Roosevelt finds that he is forced to agree that urgent reinforcements are needed for India and the only place they can be drawn from is from the British 1st Army in North Africa as Wavell needs every man he has in the Middle East and Persia in case the Turks join the war on the German side, and domestically sending American troops to help the British defend their Empire in India is simply not possible.
However, Churchill finds that in order to accomplish this he will have to make huge concessions in India. In spite of an outburst where Churchill declares “He did not become the Crown's first minister to dissolve the British Empire!” eventually he is forced to face the situation as it is and agree to do exactly that in India. The Commonwealth and American politicians agree to send Clement Attlee to India to begin the needed ground work to create one or more independent states there as the new Viceroy, and agree with the military chiefs that Auchenleck has to go and that Alexander is the man to send.
While no one is happy about this compromise, all are forced to focus on the fact that controlling the sea lanes to Persia is absolutely vital in order to support the Soviet Union, which is making promises about entering the war in a years time against Japan, and sooner if attacked by Germany. The Soviets also note that the best way to keep Turkey out of the war is to avoid defeat in Persia and western India. The Americans also pledge additional Lend Lease Aid to India, and the Soviets agree to a cut in their aid because of the constraints of shipping as long as this aid is made up for later.
In terms of military strategy, the Allies agree that defeating Japan and instituting a blockade that leaves it isolated to the Home Islands is the primary military goal, as an invasion would siphon off troops needed for Europe, and that this goal of knocking Japan effectively out of the war is the first priority. Available forces will continue to battle the Germans and European Axis where they can be reached, and beginning in 1944 a Combined Bomber Offensive will begin when US Army Air Force bombers forces are large enough to spare bombers for Europe. In the meantime the British will begin their offensive in the Spring of 1943 after the RAF Bomber Command is reequipped and retrained. The Allies agree that an invasion of Norway will be planned for the Spring of 1944 so as to knock Sweden and Finland out of the war and allow for Lend Lease Convoys to reach the Soviet Union without the long haul across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
Finally, the Allied leaders agree to the establishment of the United Nations, with a formal session to be held in San Francisco as early as the summer of 1944.