Some more info regarding the Dutch.
The manufacturing of ship building materials was done on a massive and highly mechanised (wind powered) scale, enabeling a high ship procuction, merchant ships and war ships, were produced on a scale no other european nation could achive for the next 50 years.
The Dutch republic was a confederation, compare it with today USA but which each State having their own army and navy and agenda.
The Dutch republican navy could only form a battle navy when the navies of Zeeland, Holland and Friesland were combined. To combine these fleets it took some time and political manouvring. Most of the time the Admiral of Holland was chosen oas the AdmiralGeneral of the fleet.
It was a country highly productive, enourmous sums of monney, but also higly divided compared to central gouverened absolute monarchies
The manufacturing of ship building materials was done on a massive and highly mechanised (wind powered) scale, enabeling a high ship procuction, merchant ships and war ships, were produced on a scale no other european nation could achive for the next 50 years.
The Dutch republic was a confederation, compare it with today USA but which each State having their own army and navy and agenda.
The Dutch republican navy could only form a battle navy when the navies of Zeeland, Holland and Friesland were combined. To combine these fleets it took some time and political manouvring. Most of the time the Admiral of Holland was chosen oas the AdmiralGeneral of the fleet.
It was a country highly productive, enourmous sums of monney, but also higly divided compared to central gouverened absolute monarchies