A couple of the parts of my POD will definately work.
First, the Germans spend money on bigger ship building capacity (and all that this entails), so that they no longer have absolute limitits imposed on the size of their Dreadnoughts.
Second, they don't build any of the 'useless' 11" gunned ships once HMS dreadnought hits the water.
Third, their first response shipwise will be to up the anty over the all 12" gun, and the 21 kt speed, and the 20K ship size.
For these three things, as Germany still cannot build as many as the UK, the one thing they CANNOT afford to due is waste time building inferior ships. As far as this goes (in this thread) we are hoping to get to a place where Germany ends up with carriers and the UK does not. I don't see any way the RN isn't going to build some carriers, but I do hope to have the Germans building more. We'll see how things go.
My idea is that the Germans will look at three chararistics of their warships; tonnage, main armament size, and speed, and set their national policy to require their ships to be better than anything aflot (or building) in the RN at the time they lay them down. Their goal will be to do onto the RN, what the RN did onto the rest of the world, and that was to make everyone else's best ships inferior, and thus forcing the world to either accept that Germany's ships will be bigger and better, or spend heavily on one-ups-manship.
Gun size:
Germany historically thought that the faster firing 11" gun was the way to go. My POD will have them abandon this immediately. In my POD, the Germans don't have any idea how big the guns are going to get, but they do know they cannot afford to get left behind. So lets say that they mandate that 1.5" diameter is the minimum to up-gun between classes, and that only if no one else is building such at the time.
Speed:
Germany is going to forgo the idea that their ships don't have to be as fast or faster than their enemies ships. To this end, and to keep things simple, let us assume that they mandate a 1.5 kt speed increase between classes, identical with the up-gunning, such that each new class of German SuperDreadnoughts will have larger guns & higher speed that the previous class, and they make these requirements law.
Ship size:
Germany must prepare herself to build the infrastructure needed to build and sustain such ships, and not get cought short by shallow harbhors and cramped dry-docks etc...
I even just now got an idea about how the Germans can claim that they need to have airpower above and beyond any thing a potential foe can bring to bear.
Now, will Germany be able to get to what the thread OP asked for?
In the sense that Germany is going to have carriers, then definately a yes.
In the sense that Germany is going to have more carriers than the UK, who knows.
All i can say is, I'll try my best to deliver as plusable a POD as I can that still leads to what the OP requires.