Gateway To Asia: Hawaii Remains A British Territory

WI Hawaii remained a British territory; how does this affect its relations with the United States during the second half of the 19th Century? Could the monarchy have been kept intact?
 
Now, had it formally become a British protectorate, it'd probably have ended up like Tonga, an independant nation with its institutions and culture largely intact. Or, if it is outright annexed, it'd probably end up like Fiji, with a large Indian community brought over to work on plantations owned by a British minority. The Hawaian monarchy would likely still be formally recognised, even if it was no longer a government institution.
 
The Philippines would likely stay in Spanish hands for far longer as without Pearl Harbor the US can't really project power as efficiently across the Pacific. Which means that Spain will be in the path of Japanese expansion in WWII if it isn't butterflied away (which I highly doubt). If the Nationalists win the Civil War as IOTL I could imagine Franco selling basing rights to the Japanese. If butterflies result in a Republican victory (most likely difference I see is that Franco is stationed in the Philippines and thus sits there in impotence while the Republic divides the various Nationalist factions without him unifying them) then the Republic will likely join the Allies after a TTL Pearl Harbor. On the flip side the US isn't really in position to join the war as early (though I imagine that unrestricted submarine warfare will still draw them in eventually as IOTL WWI), resulting in, instead of D-Day or even an Italian campaign, a Second Peninsular War as the Western Front of WWII. However if the Nazis can hold at the Pyrenees the Soviets have much more time to move eastward, especially if the US isn't prepared to deploy in force as early.
 
Now, had it formally become a British protectorate, it'd probably have ended up like Tonga, an independant nation with its institutions and culture largely intact. Or, if it is outright annexed, it'd probably end up like Fiji, with a large Indian community brought over to work on plantations owned by a British minority. The Hawaian monarchy would likely still be formally recognised, even if it was no longer a government institution.

Fiji is a far more likely scenario, but it will be a British protectorate with the monarchy intact since the Fijian monarchy had barely been established compared to the Hawaiian monarchy.
 
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