From Puppet to Space Empire: The Tale of the British Federation

Based on a List of UK Prime Ministers starting from the premise of Britain being conquered by the Jacobites, this idea has bloomed into an epic a tale of bizarre ideologies, terrible wars, bloody revolutions, foul dictatorships and the striving of an empire to ever greater heights.

Here is the list of Prime Ministers of Britain following the Jacobite Reconquista.

1745: Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 3rd Baronet (Tory)
The Jacobite rising of 1745 succedes, with Charles Edward Stuart being crowned as Charles III and the notable Jacobite Tory MP Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn being appointed Prime Minister.
1748: Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 3rd Baronet (Tory)
Williams-Wynn failed to put down Anglican and Presbyterian rebellions, and so sought aid from overseas, which resulted in Williams-Wynn and Charles III becoming little more than French puppets, complete with occupying army and military governor. Many rebels escape to the British colonies in America, who appoint a Viceroy in lieu of the Hanoverian monarch who has fled back to Germany.
1750: Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (Tory)
Williams-Wynn hands the leadership over to The Duke of Beaufort due to not being able to effectivly being able to control Protestant unrest and rumours of a Hanovarian plot among MPs and some of the anti-Jacobite Scottish clans. Beaufort tries to placate the growing tensions by attempting to reduce the growing French influence and negotiate with the increasingly unstable colonies. However, in doing so he comes up against Charles III and his suporters in the commons, the so-called "Ultra Tories" as well as those who acuse him of still being too close to the French and the Papists.
1754: Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont (Tory)
Wyndham adopts a more conciliatory tone than his predecessor in his dealings with the king. Raises funds to put down spreading protests in Lancashire and Wessex by selling the Ohio Country to the French; a transfer of authority resisted (robustly) by settlers and exiles alike.
1756: John Boyle, 5th Earl of Cork (Ultra Tory)
The more "reliable" Earl of Cork is appointed Prime Minister to gurantee Britain's entry into the latest European War on the French side. However the entry onto the French side is deeply unpopular and there are rumours that the exiled Frederick Prince of Wales is planning to land an invasion force to reclaim the throne.
1761: William Pitt (Whig with reliance on Patriot mobs)
Frederick lands an army raised in America, along with German mercenaries and Hanoverian/Prussian contributions, and marched across the nation. Despite military successes, Franco-Spanish troops maintained control over much of England, until the Patriots emerged. The Patriots were mobs that seized control of localities and set up committees in the name of 'True God and Britannia'. When the last Jacobites were destroyed in London, and the executions completed, a new Prime Minister was selected. William Pitt, a general in Frederick's army was chosen, but he had to rely on the support of the Patriot mob-committees to maintain peace and stability. Meanwhile, wealthy landowner, and favoured general, George Washington, was selected by Frederick to crush the last pockets of Jacobite resistance in the north and Scotland...
1765: John Stuart, 3rd Earl Bute (New Tory)
A close friend of the New King Frederick I, Bute concludes Britain's participation in the 10 Years War after changing sides and successfully capturing vast swathes of the French and Spanish empires and consolidates the anti-Jacobite elements in the Tory Party to form the so called New Tories in the commons. The fact he his Scottish also plays a big part in making the new regime more popular in Scotland. Although Britain has now shaken off the yoke of the Jacobite Regime and has expanded the empire further than ever before, there remains much instability in Ireland and the far north of Scotland and there are worries Britain has overstretched herself...
1770: National Directorate, no single leader(Patriot revolutionaries-Whig monarchists)
The resurgence of Jacobitism in Ireland and the Highlands, came to a climax with the assassination of General Washington, military governor of the Highlands. This caused a wave of paranoia across Protestant Britain. The Patriot Committees, more peacable, but still powerful rise up with the support of Whigs. The Whigs want more power in the hands of Parliament and less in that of the King. Both the Patriots and Whigs draw significant support from America. King Frederick agrees to recognise the Whigs and Patriots as the legitimate government, but infighting leads to them forming a National Directorate. The French and Spanish look on hungrily as Britain slowly eats itself...
1773: John Taylor
John Taylor, an Irish born commoner manages to lead the directory and force through universal suffrage for men and women. This includes the controversial policy of having both an elected Parliament and Monarch with the powers divided. He heads the interim government until the first election.
1775: Richard Price (Radical)
Despite pockets of resistance and thuggery, the first free election returns a broadly functional parliament. Of the 500 seats representing members from England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and the Colonies, the majority are in the hands of Price's Radicals, opposed on the right by Physiocrats, Whigs, and the Country Party, and, on the left, by a host of independents, republicans and sitting 'dissenters'.
1780: Thomas Jefferson (Radical)
Thomas Jefferson succeeded Price, who succumbed to assassination by extreme Physiocrats. Jefferson secured the American colonies, and finally restored peace. The last remnants of violence lay in the hearts of the British people, who regularly engaged in fisticuffs over differing political ideas. But peace would not last long, as the former Charles III and his French compatriots plotted...
1785: Edmund Burke (Whig - Moderate Pysiocrat Coalition)
Bukre rides into power in a coalition with the more moderate wing of the Physiocrats. Believing another European war is just over the horizon, Burke attempts to end the last of the political instability while beginning to prepare for another round with the French and Spanish and their allies. However, continuing violence from both the extreme left and right as well as some Americans who want a complete break with Westminster is hampering Burke's attempts to streamline the already complicated new system and there are further worries after the French King Louis XVI lends his support to Henry Stuart, the son of Charles III, to raise an army. In other news, proposals have been entertained to further streamline the new system by creating a "United States of Great Britain and North America" as proposed by American MP Benjamin Franklin.
1790: Aaron Burr (Physiocrat)
The Physiocrats win over many Americans with their Agrarian ideals, and absorb a good chunk of the Whigs while in government. At the next election, New Yorker Aaron Burr manages to become Prime Minister, on a Physiocrat platform. His successful attempts to heal relations between American and British MPs leads to a successful Burkian streamlining of government. Benjamin Franklin is appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, and a proper full integration of the American territories into the realm is planned. However, Jacobite King Henry IX causes uproar, as France collapses into infighting between republicans and monarchists. Henry, or Lucky Hal, manages to raise an army of German mercenaries and French emigres as well as English Catholics and Scotch clan remnants and leads them to Ireland, where he plans to wrest the kingdom from the clutches of King Frederick and establish the Stuart claim once more.
1793: George Mason (Radical)
The long awaited war comes in 1791. With most of the British army either in Europe or the Americas and most of the Royal Navy in the Mediterranean, the Jacobite uprising/invasion of Ireland is initaly succesfull, with only protestant areas in Ulster hodling out by 1793. As a result, the commons passes a vote of no confidence in Burr, who tenders his resignation to King George III and an election is called, which is won by the Radicals, with prominant Virginian MP George Mason becoming Prime Minster. Mason immediatly begins to reorganize the British and American war effort's while trying to supress pro-French Montagnard (OTL Jacobin) elements in his party aswell as beggining to draft a written constitution.
1795: Charles James Fox (Radical)
Mason passed away in his sleep in 1795, and his successor was Charles James Fox, former Whig. With Fox in charge, the Whig party is completely dissembled, splitting in half between the Radicals and Physiocrats respectively. The Constitution, completed in 1795, granted a strong excutive in times of crisis (completing the shift of power from Crown to Parliament) with 'crisis' being defined by the monarch. The system of government already established in Britain was to be established in America. East of the Appalachians, three Provinces would be created; New England (with Quebec), Notia (the South), and Hauddenia (Mid-Atlantic). These provinces would have independent judiciaries and would govern themselves because of the distances from the metropole. They would still send MPs to London. West of the Appalachians, new colonies would be created, which would join one of the provinces at some point, and native protectorates made. Fox tried to reconcile with more moderate Monatagnard. This was more successful after the abuses of the Terreur.
1800: William Pitt the Younger (Pysiocrat minority with Country Party support)
What later becomes known as the First World War ends with the Anti - French/Republican Coalition beign defeated on the continent. Although Britain is on the losing side, by 1800, British and American forces had occupied much of the French and Spanish Carribean and an American force led by the Virginian General Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee had landed in the Yucutan Penninsula, with the goal of cutting off Mexico from the rest of Spanish America. Although there is peace, for now, the new Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger belives that the French are planning for another round to spread the revolution across Europe. In other news, a charasmatic Radical MP from British Corsica, Napoleone Bounaparte, is gaining a reputation in the commons.
1805: William Pitt the Younger (Physiocrat-Country Coalition)
Pitt bound the Physiocrat-Country Alliance closer together, and prepared Britain for another war with France. Despite the expense, and the new 'income tax', the years of French oppression are well remembered and the improvement of the Navy is bery popular. However, the independents on the left are solidifying with Old Republicans from pre-First World War and New Republicans from post-First World War into the Commonwealth Party. The Commonwealth Party is aiming towards a new radical republic modelled on Cromwell's Commonwealth and the French Libertetate.
1810: James Monroe (Constitutional Democrat)
The anticipated next round of hostilities comes in 1809. Although a popular Prime Minister, Pitt and the Pysiocrat/Country coalition are voted out of office. The leader of the new Constitutional Democrat Party, formed after the more radical members of the old Radical party defected to the Commonwealth Party and the remaining members changed the name to disassociate themselves with the French regime, the Virginian James Monroe mostly continues Pitt's war policy, although he forms what eventually becomes known as the "Monroe Doctrine", which entails both keeping France isolated from the rest of the world using the Royal Navy as well as attempting to get as many nations as possible into the anti-French coalition.
1815: James Monroe (Constitutional Democrat)
Monroe and his followers institute a policy of using banks and state-corporations to fund a powerful armed forces to constrict the French Libertetate. In 1813, they got quite a coup when the Spanish sign a defence pact with Britain. Meanwhile the Physiocrats and Country Party officially merge into the Imperial Party.
1820: Napoleone Buonaparte (Constitutional Democrat)
Monroe retires and the Corsican MP Napoleone Buonaparte is elected. The latest war with France in a stalemate ends in 1821, with the Radical Republic in control of much of western europe, although the regime is teetering.
1825: Napoleone Buonaparte (Constitutional Democrat)
1828: Napoleone Buonaparte (Constitutional Democrat)

Scientific Republic of France (now ruled by a Roman-style Senate, half-elected, half-a clique of racialist autocrats and progressivist scientists), Buonaparte was able to reform the Constitution. Writing it with close ally, Monroe, the Buonapartite-Monrovian Constitution drastically centralised the state, with the Overseas Provinces in the Americas given a measure of self-governance. The position of Prime Minister accrues more power, as Buonaparte leads Britain against the French menace. Mexico is conquered by former British PM, Aaron Burr, taking Louisiana with it, in 1829, forming a continous wall of British provinces, colonies, protectorates and puppets in North America, with the exception of Alaska and Panama.
1829: Napoleone Buonaparte (Constitutional Democrat)
Re-elected without fuss after personally commanding the British Army to victory against the Duc d'Ellingtoine, one of 'the New France''s brightest generals and the man chosen by the senate to defend Paris. His failure was Napoleone's triumph, with some talk of offering the bombastic Corsican a crown.
1834: Lord George Bentinck (Imperial)
With France now pacified, and the Bourbons restored as Kings, Buonaparte looks increasingly like a man of the old school. Aged, and suffering from increasingly agonising stomach pains he retains all his vigour and fights until Bentinck takes power. Bentinck sweeps the Imperial Party into power and promises to maintain the 'Buonapartian inheritance'. A statue of Buonaparte is erected in London, and the Buonaparte Colossus is a world famous landmark to this day.
1838: Andrew Jackson (Jacksonian Constitutional Democrat minority)
One of the legacies of Bounapartes premiership was another split within the Constitutional Democrats, this time between the Bounaparteist faction, who favoured thier namesakes more centralised constitution aswell as a policy of so called "Imperial Preferance" on one side and the Jacksonians, led by American Andrew Jackson, which was more suportive of the so called "Jeffersonian" legacy of Free Trade and greater powers to the various provincial and state legislates scattered throughout the Empire as opposed to the government in London. Declaring that neither Bounaparte or Bentinck have "Won the Peace", Jackson's faction manages to win the '38 election with a minority, the major issues being the question of "Provincial" or "States Rights", the issue of Slavery and American Indians as well as westward expansion in the Americas, the issue of Free Trade vs Protectionism in Great Britain and Imperial Expansion.
1841: Andrew Jackson (Wartime Executive)
With Russia and Prussia at war over Poland, and Spain and Portugal in a state of collapse, there is nothing to stand in the way of Ellingtoignards from seizing power of France in a coup. The Union of Italian States quickly allies with France, and the latest Anti-French Coalition is formed between Britain, Austria and Denmark. Jackson uses the loopholes in the Constitution to ensure that the running of the war goes exactly as he envisions it. The British seize control of Patagonia around this time.
1844: David Crockett (Jacksonian Constitutional Democrat)
The war ends in 1844 with the result being an outstanding victory for the Anti-French Coalition with Britain even gaining Brittany and Normandy and the defeated French being forced to pay heavy reparations. As a result, Jackson, claiming he has done his job, retires and at the subsequent election, another Tennessean MP, David Crockett wins. In other news, designer Charles Babbage manages to win funding from the Government to produce a working copy of his so called "Analytical Engine" while across Britain, there are increasing accusations that the Government is being dominated by Americans, so much so that the Constitutional Democrats begin to become nicknamed the "American" Party while the Imperials gain the moniker the "English" or "British" Party. Meanwhile, Europe is increasingly rocked by extreme political movements, particularly in France where an extreme nationalist and increasingly anti-semetic movement who call themselves the "contributeurs non", literally the non - payers due to their opposition to paying taxes for reparations, who gain the nickname the NonCons, are becoming increasingly popular in the wake of the defeat.
1846: John Charity Spring (Constitutional Democrat)
The failure of Crockett to deal with the growing strength of the Kingdom of Prussia as it extended its empire to Estonia lead to the tenability of his office vanishing. However, his great personability allowed him to absorb the Buonapartite Rump, remnants of which had been eaten by the Commonwealth and Imperial Parties. The Constitutional Democrats continue their policies of Provincial Rights, Free Trade and Agrarian Economy, but also campaign for the preservation of the institution of agriculture in the Empire, more specifically in British Dahomey and the Province of Notia. The Imperials and Commowealthers are bizarrely united by their distaste for slavery...
1850: John Franklin (Imperial)
The former Governor of both Van Diemans Land and Florida, Sir John Franklin, wins the 1850 election in the middle of another turbulent era in world politics. In Europe in 1848, the French Regime is toppled in a military coup leading to an alliance between high ranking members of the military and the NonCon Movement, who immediately declare the so called "Organicist State of France" as a proto-*fascist state, which begins repairing the French Military with the mind of going to war with the Austrians. To this end, feelers are sent out the the Prussians for an alliance to challenge Austrian Hegemony in Germany . The regime also begins persecuting France's Jews. One of the reasons for the Imperials election victory is the development of events in europe as well as the continuing failure to answer the question about slavery within the Empire. However, Franklin surprises many within his party by stating that the issue of slavery, although he is opposed to the institution, is a matter for the state, provincial and colonial governments, further angering the abolitionists.
1855: John Franklin (Imperial)
The British public have become tired of war with France, tired of seeing so many young men sacrificing themselves. Franklin settled himself with reinforcing the navy and offering financial support to the Russians and Austrians, the primary fighters against the Franco-Prussian Alliance. For this reason, he became a figure of stability in an ohterwise, violent and turbulent political world and he retained his hold on power. However, his refusal to interfere in slavery leads to an awful lot of grumbling by the abolitionists, especially when the hitherto waning Royal Africa Company was purchased wholesale by the Notian legislature, and the Company utilised to keep the Province of Notia's institution of slavery running merrily. Abolitionists in Hauddenia and New England consider applying for a Royal Charter to settle freed slaves in Africa.
1859: John Frémont (Commonwealth minority with Republican and Progressive Imperial support)
The ageing Franklin retires just before the '59 election, in which the Commonwealth party wins their first election victory, albeit with a minority, under the anti-slavery candidate John Frémont with support from an unlikely combination of the Republican party, led by Peter Lalor, and the more progressive wing of the Imperials. Frémont immediately declares that Slavery will no longer be tolerated and the the Provinces and States will no longer to "be able to hold the central government to ransom". The result in Notia and parts of Hauddenia, where Frémont received virtually no votes, is a mixture of fear and anger, with many Constitutional Democrat MP's, notably Jefferson Davies, Robert Barnwell Rhett, Judah P. Benjamin, Lord John Russell and Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston accusing Frémont and the Commonwealth party of trying to start a civil war and saying that even if slavery must go, Frémont and his Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Sumner's extreme program of abolitionism and "reconstructionism" is not the way to do it. Meanwhile, the new, neo-classical Palace of Westminster (sorta US Capitol on-the-Thames) is completed and the war in Europe has ground to a stalemate.
1863: John Fremont (Commonwealth - National Government)
When a French ship fired on a British trawler, Fremont saw his chance. War allowed him to invoke special executive powers. Which allowed him to force through his policy of Reconstruction...
1865: James Onedin (Constitutional Democrat caretaker government)
With the Empire on the verge of civil war and in light of Fremont's abuse of his constitutional powers, Queen Zoe takes the unprecedented step of dismissing Femont's government and placing the Constitutional Democrats, who appoint the young but ambitious Liverpludian MP James Onedin to lead a caretaker government until the war is concluded. However, the dismissal is not popular, with Fremont and his supporters declaring the move illegal and the abolitionists claiming a conspiracy. Meanwhile, with the French regime in control of much of western europe, rumours begin to spread that the French are beginning to experiment with poison gas in Algeria as a way of brining about a "Final Solution" to the so called Jewish Question, but so far, these are just rumours...
1868: James Onedin (Constitutional Democrat-New Whig Coalition)
Onedin returns to power, promising to contain France, and restrict any further advances while promising to bring peace. However, he was forced to forge an alliance with Palmerston's New Whigs. Fremont leads his Radical Alliance in loud opposition, and co-ordinates the British Freedonian Colonisation Society. The BFCS aims to establish a free black colony called South Freedonia, and a colony composed of Jews taken off France's hands in a colony called North Freedonia, both in Africa. A lot of Jews had made their way to Britain from France and Prussia, causing widespread ethnic tension. Of course, a lot had been left in France, just as toxin research in Algeria came to fruition.
1871: Judah P. Benjamin (Constitutional Democrat-New Whig Coalition)
On the 21st August 1870, the so called Second World War came to an end when the French, the Prussians, the Russians (who foolishly joined in later) and the Ottomans were defeated by the Anglo-American, Austrian, Scandinavian and Polish Alliance. With the war over, Onedin retires and calls an election, which the Constitutional Democrat - New Whig coalition, led by Judah P. Benjamin, wins again. Meanwhile, the legacy of the dismissal and the war leads to the old Commonwealth Party to decline in support rapidly. As a result, the remaining Commonwealth MP's and many Republicans and other Radical Independents join the new Democratic Labour Party, led by former Fremont accolade Peter Lalor and inspired by the ideas of the Prussian Refugee Karl Marx. Democratic Labour now becomes the main opposition party, while the more moderate remaining members of the Commonwealth Party change their name to the Progressive Party and attempt to steer a third way against the Coalition and Democratic Labour. In Europe, the continent, devastated by decades of war and revolution, looks forward to a new era of peace and material progress and a result of the Industrial Revolution. However, the rise of heavy industry has also led to the ideas of Marx and other radicals becoming popular with the new working class and with many others as a means of rebuilding society.
1876: Hippolyte Bernheim (Progressive)
Hippolyte Berheim, a Jewish migrant from Organicist France, finally cut out the dying institution of slavery to muted opposition. Over the ten years since the start of the last war, industrialisation outcompeted inefficient chattel slavery, and Bernheim was able to complete both Benjamin's economic and Fremont's social policies. Bernheim's sweeping changes, extending many rights to those formerly excluded leads to him being hailed as the new Napoleon.
1880: Allan Quartermain: (New Whig-Constitutional Democrat Coalition)
The Constitutional Democrats begin to experience a decline their support, so much so that by the next election they are the junior partner in the Coalition. The New Whigs, under explorer and adventurer Allan Quartermain, subsequently become ruling party when they win the 1880 election. Meanwhile, with the war over, the European powers begin to seriously colonize Asia and Africa as a way of both rejuvenating their economies after the wars and for national glory. The biggest colonizers so far are the Empire, the Scandinavians, the Poles, Dutch, Portuguese as well as the newly democratic and revitalized France, which is keen to distance itself from it's recent past.
1883: Grover Cleveland (Constitutional Democrat-Commonwealth-Coalition)
1887: Phileas Fogg (Reform)
Former Director of Her Majesty's Secret Service and Secretary of State for Commonwealth and Foreign Affairs in Judah Benjamin and Allan Quartermain's governments manages to merge the Progressive and New Whig parties at a convention in Birmingham and leads the party to a comfortable victory in 1887 after the CD-Com. coalition breaks down. Following the assassination of 7 imperial diplomats in Kyoto in the spring of 1889, Prime Minister Fogg declares that the Empire of Nippon is too unstable for self-rule and invades the isolationist nation with Scandinavian support. Nippon is duly colonized with Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, being appointed Viceroy of Nippon in 1892. As a gesture for their support in the Anglo-Nipponese War, Scandinavia is given the port city of Yokohama, which is renamed Österborg by the Scandinavians.
1892: Edmund Wedgewood-Babbage (Reform)
Grandson of analytical pioneer Charles Babbage, second-term MP for Mid-Sussex, Edmund Wedgewood-Babbage deftly navigates the British Empire through the Nippon Bubble and ensuing financial panic. Though it's an ongoing struggle against vested interests, moves are made to restructure the Imperial Economy along Radical-Scientific lines, with substantial investment in the burgeoning 'serial labour' industries of steel, mechanical calculation, and the motor car. Meanwhile, the Viceroy of Aegypt begins working on plans to flood, then dam, the Qatarra Depression.
1898: Alfred Marshall, 1st Earl Clapham (Reform)
As Wedgewood-Babbage's Chancellor of the Exchequer and the architect of the economic reforms, Lord Clapham is the natural successor to become Prime Minister when the young (only 39 years of age) Wedgewood-Babbage unexpectedly retires from politics in 1898 following Queen Zoe's Platinum Jubilee, declaring that although he is proud of his service to the Empire, he believes that he can serve her better by returning to the Professor's desk at Cambridge and continue his work as a mathematician and analytical engineer. Lord Clapham greatly reforms the empire, setting up the Ministry of Imperial Finances and Ministry of Imperial Trade, as well as constructing the great Palace of Economic Affairs in South Kensington to house these departments and the great analytical engines their work require. His greatest achievement, however, is the reformation of the House of Lords into the Senate of Britannia.
1903: Alfred Marshall, Prefect for North Yorkshire (Reform)
Standing as a Prefect for North Yorkshire, after the creation of the Senate, Marshall regained his title as PM. Wedgewood-Babbage created the Babbage Balloon in 1900, an airship outfitted with new and innovative engines that made travel across the British Empire much easier. The American Provinces grew much closer to Britain during this time, and a new economic boom started. However, storm clouds swole over the horizon, as clashes with the Italian Empire's ambitions in Africa reach new heights.
1905: John Neville Keynes, Prefect for Salisbury (Reform)
While on a trip to the Imperial Colony of Aegypt in 1905 Marshall requires a rather severe case of typhus and finds himself incapable of fulfilling his duties as Prime Minister. He resigns leadership of the Reform Party, and his premiership and retires to the country, where he after several months makes a recovery, though he declines to reenter politics. He is succeeded by the Imperial Minister for Trade, John N. Keynes, as Prime Minister.
1908: John Neville Keynes, Prefect for Salisbury (Reform with Democratic Labour support)
1908, the year of the scheduled election, turns out quite bad for Mr. Keynes: Italy invades the Kingdom of Libya and declares it an Italian colony, and Queen Zoe dies at the age of 96. There is a rise of conservative populism in reaction to these events, and the new parliament becomes hung, as the Constitutional Conservative Party (the successor of the Constitutional Democrats) secures 79 seats. Mr. Keynes is forced to rely on the main opposition party, Democratic Labour, in order to remain in power. As part of the deal, Mr. Keynes introduces the Imperial Pensions System.
1912: Archibald Gracie IV (Libertarian with New Whig and Independent Support)
The 24 years of Refrom Party rule finally comes to an end at the 1912 election. By this time, the old Constitutional Democrats were long dead and the New Whigs support and slowed to a trickle. As a result, the relatively new Libertarian (which ITTL has roughly the same meaning as Classical Liberal) Party, under Archibald Gracie IV, with some New Whig and conservative independent support win the election, campianging against the "Socialist/Scientist Dictatorship" of the Reform Parties large Imperial beuacracy while also promising to oppose the increasing red violence engulfing the Austrian Empire and other parts of europe.
Meanwhile, Greater Britain has truly reached it's zenith, now with an almost complete strip of British Colonies running up the length of Africa to add to thier colonies in India, the east and west indies aswell as the Porvinces in America and Oceania aswell as the Cape.
1916: Archibald Gracie IV (Libertarian)
Appointed Austrian immigrant Ludwig von Mises Imperial Minister of Trade in early 1917.
1921: Noah Ablett (Reform)
Ablett was propelled into power as the Babbage-Wedgewood Industrial Company designed and built the Extra-Atmospheric Exploration Pod, under the auspices of Professors Henry Cavor and Artemus Gordon. This lead to an upsurge in scientific optimism, as people looked to the stars to Britain's future. The Babbage Balloon and the E-AEP became the bases of a new era of industrial expansion, allowing Abbet to swing the votes of the industrial working class into the Reform Party's Sciencist policies.
1925: Nathaniel E. Rockefeller, Prefect for Manchester (Libertarian)
Anglo-American billionaire businessman and philanthropist Nathaniel E. Rockefeller is drafted to become leader of the Libertarian Party, which a moved Rockefeller humbly accepts at the party convention in 1923. Though he lacks the raw charisma and oratory skills of Noah Ablett, Rockefeller manages to win the trust of much of the electorate the Libertarian Party lost in 1921, and in the election of 1925, the Libertarian Party manages to secure a comfortable victory in the House of Commons, though they have to rely upon Constitutional Conservative support in the Senate. Under his premiership, in 1926, the Austrian Revolution occurs, leading to the establishment of the Confederation of German Socialist Republics.
1930: Nathaniel E. Rockefeller, Prefect for Manchester (Libertarian)
Rockefeller lead Britain through the German Crisis, as the CGSR fought a three-way civil war against Rathenau's NatLibs and Schickelgruber's NatSocs. Rockefeller's attempts to prevent the NatSocs from using Prussia as a base of operations lead to many British deaths, and was deeply unpopular with a public unaccustomed to war. Oswald Mosley and Charles Lindbergh worked together to create the Britain First Party which called for not concerning themselves with a war which did not concern them. Deep down though, both men admired Schickelgruber and harboured anti-Semitic views.
1933: Sir Lionel Kobayashi, Prefect for Oxfordshire (Reform-Libertarian war cabinet)
The war lead to a deep split in the Libertarian Party, as the Peace Libertarians, lead by Sir Robert Taft and Philip Snowden, brought down their own government in a vote of no confidence and stood in the resulting general election as Patriotic Libertarians. The Reform Party won 60% of the seats thanks to the Libertarian split, and elected as Prime Minister was Sir Lionel Kobayashi, former Viceroy Archibald Primrose' illegitimate son to a Nipponese woman. The Viceroy had taken a particular interest in the upbringing of his offspring after Sir Herbert Spencer had suggested in correspondence with the imperial official that even the Orientals possessed the traits to become highly intelligent and skilled members of society. As a consequence, Lionel had received the best of educations at Eton and Oxford. The new Prime Minister created a war cabinet together with the remaining War Libertarians.
1938: Sir Lionel Kobayashi, Prefect for Oxfordshire (Reform)
With the NatSoc base of operations in Konigsberg destroyed, and Schickelgruber dead, NatSoc insurgency collapses. However it is too late for the socialist. Walter Rathenau is propelled into power, and forms the Union of Germany. Prussia remains independent and the capital of Germany is established in Vienna. Rathenau goes to some effort to ensure that Socialists and NatSocs have places in government as well as his National Liberals. However this does lead to a general policy of German unification and hope for expansion. Specifically east, toward Russia. Kobayashi returns to power, and pours more funds into the Imperial Integration Committee. Protectorates over allied native states will be supported by colonial governments, Some colonies will become Viceroyalties, and then the finally stage is the full integration of some Viceroyalties into the Union as Provinces or states.
1942: Sir Lionel Kobayashi, Prefect for Oxfordshire (Reform-Democratic Labour coalition)
Kobayashi is re-elected once more following the introduction of party-list proportional representation in the United Kingdom in the House of Commons (the Senate of Britannia, with its much larger constituencies, retains First-Past-The-Post as its electoral system), but as the polls expected, he now has to form a coalition with the Democratic Labour Party and its enigmatic leader, Frederick A. Marx, the grandson of Karl Marx. The Libertarian Party, still licking its wounds from the division within the party during the German War, is led by H. L. Mencken who as Leader of the Opposition blasts the government for allowing self-admitted socialists to sit in the cabinet. Still, Kobayashi's third term is generally considered a success. Kobayashi appoints J. N. Keynes' son John Maynard (Reform) Imperial Minister of Finance, American economist Alfred T. Roosevelt (Reform) Imperial Minister of Trade, Indian juridical scholar Mohandas Gandhi (Reform) Imperial Minister of Justice and at the age of 83, Edmund Wedgewood-Babbage makes a celebrated return to politics as Minister of Meta-Imperial Affairs (dealing with the foreign affairs of nations outside the Empire) and a famous picture is taken of him and the German Foreign Minister Theodor Heuss at an October Fest celebration in Vienna, signifying the improved Anglo-German relations.
1947: Sir Lionel Kobayashi, Prefect for Oxfordshire (Reform-Democratic Labour Coalition)
With the most competent ministry in living memory, Kobayashi's government made great strides. Reconstruction across the continent had restored Europe's glory and as a wave of liberal socialism washes across Britain, the European attitude to race also improves. However, in Russia, the increasingly reactionary Alexander IV begins preparations to combat the 'Liberal Reich' of Germany. Rathenau, still Chancellor, is more than willing to wage war on Russia, and both sides are accruing their allies. Russia is hungry to regain the land taken from them by Prussia, and more than a few in Germany want 'Lebensraum' as the German population balloons...
1950: Richard Webb (Democratic Labour-Reform Coalition)
Richard Webb, the younger son of Democratic Labour power-couple Sidney & Beatrice Webb, wins early elections held in the wake of German/Russian sabre-ratting over Königsberg. The Democratic Labour Party hold enough MPs to form a government, but Webb chooses to continue with their former coalition partners, citing preference for a 'government of all (well, most) the talents'. Despite a German diplomatic charm offensive, Britain attempts to broker a broad agreement between Russia and Germany with the Treaty of London (1951). Initially, it seems to have stuck...
1953: Clement Attlee (Wartime Coalition)
In 1952, tensions between Russia and Germany exploded into war. The British sided with Germany, but they soon found their empire under assault by Russia's allies in the East and in the West. China, France and Italy were all allies against 'British imperial domination'. The sheer breadth of Britain's domain and the wars it had waged to make it had bred dissatisfaction by nations who had either lost out or had been blotted out by the Empire. Clement Attlee's War Labour faction overthrew Webb's Peace Labour and lead Britain in a coalition against stark odds.
1959: Oliver Smedley (Libertarian-Progressive Conservative Coalition)
After a long war, the Anglo-German alliance emerges victorious after the nuclear bombing of Novosibirsk. Attlee sends the Winter Palace a warning that St. Petersburg and Moscow will be next if the Russians doesn't immediately surrender, which the Tsar does. A Duma is finally instituted in Russia, the Tsar loses nearly all of his powers and is forced to abdicate in favor of his 23-year old son, the notorious playboy Nicholas III. Though Clement Attlee is celebrated as a war-hero, most people in the Anglosphere are weary of wartime rationings and increased planning and the Libertarian Party under the leadership of Oliver Smedley wins a landslide of 47% of the seats in the Parliament, promising to allow the economy to breathe freely once more. The Libertarian Party enters a coalition government with the Progressive Conservatives, who split from the Constitutional Conservatives back in the 1930s. The PC Party is led by Sir Dwight Eisenhower and currently holds 7% of the seats in parliament. Smedley begins the long, painful process of Britain letting go of its powerful empire, beginning with the independence of Nippon in 1962.
1962: Enoch Powell (Heritage-Libertarian-Progressive Conservative Coalition)
The 1962 General Election is marred by the independence of Nippon, and the decline of the Empire. This causes Enoch Powells Heritage Party, which once only held 4 seats, to expand to 52 seats. The election is so close, that Powells small band holds the balance of power. In order to preserve the current governments policies to some degree, Prime Minister Smedley resigns and the coalition elects Powell as Prime Minister...
1963: Victor Montagu, Prefect for Dorset (Heritage-Libertarian-Progressive Conservative Coalition)
In 1963, Powell is shot by an anarcho-nativist while visiting the Empire's remaining colonies in West Africa. His is succeeded by his Foreign Secretary, Victor Montagu (Heritage), who, in agreement with the King, resists calls to dissolve parliament.
1964: Barry Goldwater (Libertarian-Progressive Conservative-Heritage Coalition)
In the so called "Christmas Coup of 1963", members of the governing coalition and the opposition Reform-Democratic Labor coalition unite, calling a vote of no confidence, and at the governing coalitions conference, replace Montagu with Barry Goldwater, who wins the general election of 1964 by a very narrow margin.
1969: Pierre Trudeau, Prefect for Montreal (Reform-Democratic Labour Coalition)
Under Pierre Trudeau the Reform Party finally receives a larger share of seats than Democratic Labour, and he brings the Reform-DL coalition back into power. Pierre Trudeau begins a devolution of the British Empire, setting up the regional Parliaments of America and Australia. He appoints Harold Laski (DL) Imperial Minister of Finance and reappoints the aging John Maynard Keynes (Reform) as Imperial Minister of Trade. Democratic Labour's leader Aneurin Bevan is made Minister of Meta-Imperial Affairs. Under his premiership, the Babbage-Wedgewood Industrial Company creates the world's first independently thinking machine or cognitroid.
1974: Pierre Trudeau, Prefect for Montreal (Reform-Democratic Labour Coalition)
With Britain forging ahead with liberalisation of the Empire, the Quasi-War is in full swing. Germany took a significant swing to the right with the rump NatSocs reforged as the National Radical Party after Rathenau's death. The cooling in Britano(the new suffix after Trudeau's reforms)-German relations began at the end of the war after Germany refused to withdraw from the Ural area. Britain was in no position to argue as Germany was on a complete war footing and the country was tired of wartime rationing. The German nation was now vast and the two countries competed post-war in a friendly fashion but in 1973, the Germans tested their own nuclear bomb. The two nations were now in an ideological race, the liberal scientific-radical British on one side and the neo-imperialist romantic Germans on the other. Elsewhere, the British Constitution is amended, creating the British Federation. The Federation is composed of the British American, Australian, Aegyptian and Bengali Confederacies, each composed of Provinces, in turn composed of states. External to the Federation are the remaining Colonies and Dependent Territories which are governed from London. The Quasi-War primarily lead to a greater interest in space, with the economy improving and cognitroids on hand to calculate cheaper methods it seemed more possible than ever.
1977: Charles Prospero (Reform-Democratic Labour Coalition)
Trudeau is assassinated in 1977 by militant Bengali nationalists, unsatisfied by his reforms of the empire. He is succeeded by his Imperial Minister of Justice, Mr. Charles Prospero, former Analytical Engineer from Manchester. Prospero gets a lot of good publicity half a year into his premiership when the anticipated moon landing finally takes place in January 1978, and the Union Jack is raised upon Earth's natural satellite. A special reception is held in 10 Downing Street where all remaining living Prime Ministers gather together to celebrate the event. These include Sir Lionel Kobayashi, Richard Webb, Oliver Smedley and Barry Goldwater. Victor Montagu refuses to attend the reception as he wishes not to talk to Goldwater ever again, still bitter about the latter's palace coup.
1982: Charles Prospero (Reform-Democratic Labour Coalition)
The success of the British space programme leads to a simultaneous upsurge in national optimism and a darkening of relations with Germany who openly competes with Britain for various 'firsts'. The Babbage-Wedgewood Industrial Company comes under the management of notable chemist Margaret Thatcher. North and South Freedonia are united as the United Freedonian Confederacy within the British Federation. However, there is some violence as some extremist Jews want to separate off North Freedonia as 'New Zion', in fact they preferred colonial rule to their status in United Freedonia.
1986: Thomas von Mises (Libertarian-Progressive Conservative-Heritage Coalition)
The centre-right coalition wins a surprise upset in the 1986 election, and the leader of the Libertarian Party, grandson of famous former Imperial Minister of Trade Ludwig von Mises, is propelled into office. Despite much positive press and what seems to be fortunate times to take office, the coalition soon finds itself in inner struggle as Thomas von Mises and PC leader Sir James E. Carter find themselves developing a poor working relationship with Heritage leader Norman Tebbit, made even worse after Tebbit is caught saying to MPs of his own party that Carter belongs in Reform, something the latter demands an immediate apology for. Chaos continues brewing in North Freedonia.
1988 (April): Thomas von Mises (Libertarian-Progressive Conservative minority Coalition)
Tebbit refused to compromise, saying that the Libertarians and Progressive Conservatives had turned too far to the left and the electorate of the Heritage Party were getting nothing out of the Coalition. Von Mises continued to struggle on in a minority government, but it was clear that the government was turning towards a political crisis. Especially when the New Zion Liberation Army got hold of German armaments...
1988 (December): Charles Prospero (Reform-Democratic Labour Coalition)
In December 1988, the barrel of gunpowder finally exploded when the North Freedonian Governor-General's mansion experienced a terrorist attack. Soon thereafter, conflicts on the streets begun to escalate. The bomb killed G-G Michael Dukakis and von Mises found himself presiding over a divided government, unsure whether to send in Imperial troops or not. Tebbit joined the opposition and brought down his former coalition partners in a vote of no confidence less than 6 days after the bombing. In the Christmas election of 1988, Charles Prospero returned to power with Democratic Labour in a majority government. His first course of action was clear: The deployment of imperial troops to North Freedonia.
1993: Alfred Sharpton (Social)
The success of Prospero's last term was marred by his heart attack in 1992. His successor Alfred Sharpton formally united the Reform and Democratic Labour parties in an attempt to prevent a split in the Left Coalition. North Freedonia was pacified, but a long term peace agreement was signed with moderate rebels in an attempt to find a mutual path to peace. Elsewhere, the Babbage-Wedgewood Industrial Company builds a research station on the moon. The construction of such a blatant claim to the soil of the moon inflames tensions on Earth and unofrtunately looks set to attract attention from off it...
1997: Alfred Sharpton (Social)
To no one's surprise, Alfred Sharpton is re-elected with a moderate majority in 1997. His second term is marked by pretty much nothing of note happening politically, which interestingly is quite an improvement compared to the problems previous administrations have had to deal with. Dame Margaret Thatcher is in 1998 proud to announce that the BWIC has now perfected the chemical engineering techniques necessary to construct and design custom-made enzymes and in the special dinner held in Manchester to commemorate her work at her retirement, she predicts that a full cure for cancer will be commercially available within 10 years. Both the Libertarian and Progressive-Conservative parties tries to court her to stand for either the House of Commons or the Senate, but Dame Margaret declines, saying that she want to be remember for her work as a scientist, not the "petty squabbling a politician's office is associated with."
2000: John Hewson (Libertarian-Progressive Conservative Coalition)
Sharpton's government falls hard after a perceived failure to deal with the Millennium terrorist attacks as well as aggressive German posturing in space, the result being the first Australian Prime Minister, John Hewson, is elected at the head of the Libertarian/PC coalition. Meanwhile, tensions in space continue to mount after a manned British Mission to Mars is announced for the end of the decade.
2004: John Hewson (United Right-Emergency Executive)
Only two months after a landing site for a Mars Mission was selected, a message was received on all channels from a non-human source. Earth and its satellites and neighbours were proclaimed to be tributaries of the Greater Okrinion Federal Cluster and that this claim was to be enforced in two rotations of Earth around the Sun. It took nine months to translate the message, but as soon as it was clear what this meant an Emergency Executive was proclaimed to deal with the inevitable crisis. To ensure Party stability, the long-standing alliance between the Progressive Conservatives and the Libertarians was formalised as the United Right.
2006: Popular-Marshall Sir Lionel Duncan-Smith (Emergency Executive)
After the death of much of the cabinet (and 25% of the population) on IB-Day (Initial Bombardment Day), the Emergency Executive turned to the highest ranking military commander in the Empire to head the government. As Duncan-Smith was transported to Command HQ under the hills of Cornwall, the first transport ships entered the atmosphere...
2009: Popular-Marshall Sir Lionel Duncan-Smith (Emergency Executive)
Sir Lionel Duncan-Smith decides to postpone the elections, to the entire Emergency Executive's agreement. The last 3 years has been more than just problematic, with nuclear bombardment of the industrial hubs of Machester, Liverpool and Glasgow. The former colonial capital (now capital of independent Nippon) of Kyoto is now firmly in Okrinion hands. In a covert operation to Nippon the bodies of a number of Okrinions is obtained, which are immediately transported back to Cornwall. Professor Carol Thatcher, daughter of Dame Margaret, initiates the project to fulfill the Herculean task of creating a biological weapon that will only harm the Okrinions. At her hand, she has her mother's greatest invention: Custom-designed enzymes.
2013: Richard Mandelson (Reconstruction, leading Emergency Executive)
With the VV (Victory Virus) theoretically completed, Duncan-Smith insists the Executive accept his resignation so he can personally command the British section of the front against the Okrinions, by now stabilised along the Dnieper. He hands over power to the civilian industrial genius who has organised the British rebuilding programme since IB-Day.
2020: Steven Yaxley-Lennon (Humanist-United Right Coalition)
The Victory Virus eventually works by targeting both the Okrinions immune systems as well their reproduction of red blood cells. The result is that by 2017, the Okrinions have been nearly completely expelled from earth. The results of the war eventually lead up to a major shakeup of Earth politics. With much of the old political establishment dead from the war, the First Democratic elections held since 2004 in 2020 end up being a contest between Mandelsons Reconstruction Party, who support using the plethora of captured alien technology and information (such as anti-matter drives and complicated ray guns etc) for "Peaceful inter-stellar co-existance" and the new Humanist Party, which basically supports "taking the fight back to the damm lizards!" (or something that could basically be called Human Supremacy), led by the young Stephen Yaxley Lennon. The Reconstruction parties rhetoric of peaceful co-existance however proves unpopular with a war torn population hungry for revenge and the Humanists in coalition with the surviving elements of United Right win the election by a landslide and the government immediately begins planning for a long awaited counter attack against the Okrinions home planet of Enchek, which the humans name Bellerophon (and which another universe knows as Gliese 581 g).
 
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The Jacobite Reconquista

In 1744, King Louis XV of France authorised an invasion of England. Shockingly, Louis' invasion fleet got past the British blockade and managed to drop Charles Edward Stuart the Jacobite claimant to the British throne on English shores. Following him was an army of Scottish and English exiles and Louis XV's finest men. Though the fleet was largely destroyed after leaving England, enough supplies and cannon had been taken off to make 'Bonnie Prince Charlie's' presence in southern England a sizeable threat. This Jacobite army quickly marched on London, where Marshal Wade and the Duke of Cumberland had fortified the city in preparation for the inevitable attack.

While the future king wrestled with the Hanoverian British soldiers in the south, the Highland Scots rose in rebellion. Most of the soldiers garrisoning this area had been drawn south to fight Charles, it being reasoned that with no Stuart there to inspire revolt, there would be no revolt. They were very wrong. Just the news that the titular King of Scots was laying siege to the capital of England was enough to bring the clansmen out, waving their dirks and roaring their battlecries.

By years end, London and much of the South was being demolished as Charlie's soldiers pillaged for resources and Scotland was virtually independent and preparing to field an army into northern England. Wales, an area that was Royalist in the Civil War was tentatively hoping that Charles would succeed and remove the Whig dominance that ruled over them. Ireland had broken into its own rebellion in support of Charles and was waging a war against the Anglo-Scots settlers of Ulster.

In mid-1745, London had been taken and Wales had turned Jacobite. Newcastle had been taken by the Scots and a chunk of Charlie's army was heading west to join up with Welsh rebels to take control of the West Country. With the outlook looking bleak, and the unprecedented success of Charlie's army, Louis XV sent another army to England hoping to completely knock England out of the War of the Austrian Succession. This lent a new wave of energy and zeal to an otherwise lagging campaign.

Finally, in December 1745, the Whig government surrenders and the King George flees back to Germany. The Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland are reorganised under King James III and VIII, who returned to England from exile in Rome, pleased with the success of his son. Sir Watkins Williams-Wynn was appointed Prime Minister, and the Stuarts settled back into ruling the British Isles with a more committed French ally at their back.

Bonnie_Prince_Charlie_by_John_Pettie.jpg
 
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Seriously? This is extremely implausible. If, and this is a huge if, a french invasion of Britain succeeds, there is no way that they'll be able to successfully plant a Jacobite on the throne without serious insurrection by the English. It's not worth the massive losses for France; most likely after occupying London, they'd ask for a lot of colonial gains (India, Caribbean, North America, West Africa) but the Hanoverians would keep the throne because they are protestant.
 
Seriously? This is extremely implausible. If, and this is a huge if, a french invasion of Britain succeeds, there is no way that they'll be able to successfully plant a Jacobite on the throne without serious insurrection by the English. It's not worth the massive losses for France; most likely after occupying London, they'd ask for a lot of colonial gains (India, Caribbean, North America, West Africa) but the Hanoverians would keep the throne because they are protestant.

If you look at the OP, its not all going to be sweetness and light in the newly restored Stuart monarchy. There will be rebellions in England, Lowland Scotland, and Ulster up until the Second Glorious Revolution and the final overthrow of the Stuart monarchy and the reestablishment of the Hanover line.
 
If you look at the OP, its not all going to be sweetness and light in the newly restored Stuart monarchy. There will be rebellions in England, Lowland Scotland, and Ulster up until the Second Glorious Revolution and the final overthrow of the Stuart monarchy and the reestablishment of the Hanover line.

I suppose, but they'd need a LOT of French troops to keep the peace and that would bankrupt France.

But again, it's implausible for an American to get the Prime Ministership in the 1790s

In a TL with a British Federation; I don't see an American PM until Americans are similar population wise to Britain (ie like 1830).
 
War of Austrian Succession

With Britain knocked out of the war, France could continue the war unopposed. They took the reins of those opposing Empress Maria Theresa, and were soon wreaking havoc in the Netherlands. Fortunately for the Austrian Netherlands, an allied army under Traun pushed back the invasion and Louis was forced out of the Netherlands. But all was not lost. The British soldiers in this alliance left the frontline to help entrench George II's position in Hanover and any aid from either faction of British was impossible come 1745.

Maria Theresa herself performed admirably defending Austria (with the exception of Silesia) from Prussian attentions and raising the Hungarian people in defence of the Hapsburgs. However, Saxony saw the strengthened French position as well as greater confidence in Prussia and decided not to heed the cries of Austrian emissaries. Even while Louis fell ill at Metz, and the French were left in disarray, the Saxons remained unmoved.

The Prussians attacked, and Marshal Traun was called back from the Rhine to defend Austria proper, and any hope of reclaiming Silesia was crushed. The Austrian army managed an orderly retreat into Bohemia, and capably pushed off Frederick's repeated assaults.

At the same time, Louis recovered and launched a second assault on the Rhine. With Traun defending Austria there was little to oppose them. Freiburg was taken, and the Southern Netherlands 'looked like a fruit ready to drop into my hands' in the words of Louis.

In 1745, the Quadruple Alliance that had been planned now looked rather threadbare. Britain was a de facto French puppet and Saxony was too frightened of Prussian aggression to turn to Austrian. It was now simply the Alliance of Austria and Holland. Despite this, the Austrians managed to defeat the Bavarians and push them out of Munish. Elector Maximillian III promised to recognise Grand-Duke Francis' claim to the Imperial title, effectively pushing Bavaria out of the war.

Prussia was now worried, as Austria could now concentrate on Bohemia and Silesia, and push Prussia off its land. France wasn't going to help as Marshal Saxe was still pacifying Britain and the other major French theatre of war was the Netherlands and Rhine.

This seemingly threatening situation was reversed when the Prussians routed Prince Charles' troops at the Battle of Striegau. Charles was struck down by a musket ball and one of Austria's finest commanders was lost. Prussian morale soared at this colossal victory while Austrian morale broke. Ultimately the defeat cuased many otherwise supportive principalities of the Empire turn against Austria. Maria Theresa was ousted by disaffected Austrian troops in late 1746, and a new Emperor was elected.

The terms of surrender were that Prussia was to annex Silesia and part of Bohemia, France was take a chunk of the Austrian Netherlands, the Duchies of Parma, Piancenza and Guastalla were to be returned to the Spanish Bourbons, George II was to be recognised as Elector of Hanover, Maria Theresa to be recognised as Queen of Hungary (as a concession to her line of the Hapsburgs) and Maximillian III of Bavaria was elevated to Holy Roman Emperor. His defeat at the hands of the Austrians during the war made him the perfect choice, as he was now reliant on French favour.

Ultimately, the war in Europe had established France as the premier military power. Their puupets and vassals and relatives now dominated Western Europe. But in the process, ancient alliances had been strained, and enormous debts had been run up. These would come back to bite France later. But for now, Louis XV was truely hailed as an heir to the Sun King and a legendary King of France.

496px-Louis_XV_by_Maurice-Quentin_de_La_Tour.jpg
 
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The 16 Years Tyranny of the Stuarts

From 1745 to 1761, King James III ruled as a Catholic King over a largely Presbyterian and Anglican nation. This era is legendary in Britain today, with rebels elevated to the level of folk heroes. It is believed to have been the defining decade in British history, binding together a union of the English, Scots and Welsh against French domination and monarchical absolutism. The 16 Years Tyranny can be most easily defined through the Prime Ministers of King James. James, though he believed in the Divine Right of Kings, was a hands off monarch and his son Charles, known to the people as the Italian Bastard, was forced to work with a humbled Parliament to run the country.

Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn (1745-1750)

Williams-Wynn had to deal with growing rebellions and riots across the country, even as the Stuarts settled into their new role. The Lowlands fought back against Highlanders running riot through the streets of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and blood was actually spilt on the streets of Boston and Lincoln.
The British Army proved unreliable, often refusing to fire on rioters and sometimes joining outright. The Highlanders were too erratic to deploy as a policing force, and the Irish proved to be unwilling to form a Catholic army for the English. Williams-Wynn was forced to turn to the French for troops, much to Louis XV's chagrin. Marshal Saxe soon became yet another level of government, joining the King, the Prince Regent, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, and the House of Lords. His French troops put down the principal rebellions in East Anglia, Lincolnshire, Lowland Scotland, Ulster and London.

The result of this, was that many rebels of wildly differing political stripes fled abroad. King George was Hanover, put his son Frederick had moved to the British colonies in America to rally support for his father's claim to the throne. This was also the destination for most of the rebels, and the Americans selected a Viceroy to reign in America. Benjamin Franklin designed the 'Provisional Government of British America' and became the colonies first Viceroy.

Ultimately, the British Isles were now firmly under the thumb of the Stuarts but were really a mere tributary of Louis XV's greater France. Hanover and America had become centres of British resistance to French and Jacobite domination. Wynn's government ultimately fell with James and Parliament uniting in anger at Marshal Saxe going over their heads in government, and trying to reduce his influence and the prescence of French troops. All this did was create an atmosphere of panic and a feeling that the Stuart government was on the way out. Many Highland clans felt that they had got little out of their alliance with the Stuarts, and rumours of Hanoverian plots in the Highlands and amongst anti-Jacobite MPs were rife. When riots broke out in Lancashire and Wessex in 1750, it was clear that Sir Watkin's government was in a state of terminal collapse and it became necessary for him to resign.

Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (1750-1754)

Scudamore came to the premiership with a nation in uproar. Williams-Wynn's old government were split in three ways between the Ultra-Tories, arch-monarchists and cypto-Papists if not actually Catholics; the Moderate Tories, Scudamore's supporters who wished to treat with the rebels, the Americans and even the Hanoverians; and the Jacobite Whigs, who wished to further separate from France, and establish more political independence, and many had links to Georgian restorationists. Beaufort succeeded in upsetting both extremes of the spectrum, and earned the ire of the King. Scudamore's government struggled on for five years, succeeding in several now forgotten areas. Scudamore founded Britain's first cohesive police service in place of the French occupying forces, hence the affectionate name for policemen today, Scuddies. France withdrew troops from Britain, and Scudamore co-ordinated the pacification of the rampaging Highland Scots. His greatest victory was an agreement to recognise Benjamin Franklin as Viceroy of British America in an effort to keep the colonies within the empire. It was this that actually forced James to unseat him. In fact, by the time of his deposition, Britain was largely peaceful apart from the long-rebellious areas of Lancaster and Wessex. James was displeased with Beaufort because he had nigh upon recognised the authority of what were in his eyes, rebels. Clearly, Beaufort was no longer fit for service.

Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont (1754-1756)

Wyndham governed for only a short time, but he succeeded in completely demolishing Scudamore's carefully constructed relationship with the American colonies. The Scuddy police force proved expensive, and the French-dominated state was strapped for cash. Tensions were growing on the continent and Egremont wanted Britain to be ready for a war that they would have to fight on France's side. He also wanted to repair Britain's naval prestige and re-establish it as the world's premier colonial power. In order to raise the necessary funds, he agreed to cede all claims on the Ohio Country to France in return for a large sum of cash. Destruction of records by mobs later on means that we have little knowledge of the precise quantity of money given to Britain. What we do know is that it allowed Egremont to construct a number of ships and pay the Scuddy policemen for five years. However this sale poisoned relations with the settlers and exiles of the British colonies. Benjamin Franklin was unseated as Viceroy, and exile William Pitt replaced him. Pitt called America the 'True Britain' and the Stuart monarchy in London, a 'pale imitation of its glory'. Ultimately, Egremont was unseated due to a need by the still influential French to have Britain on their side in the war in Europe. The Ultra-Tories took power with the King's blessings.

John Boyle, 5th Earl of Cork (1756-1761)

Boyle was a puppet PM, installed by the King and his French allies to ensure Britain's entry into the war against Prussia. Prussia's military strength and its connections to Scandinavia were the only block to complete French domination on the continent. Prussian protestation at overtly pro-French policy within the Empire had been long and loud since the end of the Austrian War. The Franco-Russian Alliance sealed the deal. Prussia allied with the cowed Austria to try and form a block against French power. This situation swiftly devolved into war. Jacobite Whigs withdrew from a Parliament that was increasingly a rubber stamp to the King and the Prince Regent's activities. They plotted with Viceroy Pitt and the Electorate of Hanover. Ultimately, Frederick the Prince of Wales forged an army from the colonies of British America and landed in Lancaster, joining the rebels.

George Washington, general in the army conquered Lancashire and ensured that the county was firmly under Hanoverian control. The Hanoverian army from Germany, bolstered by British troops from the Austrian War of Succession. They landed their troops in Wessex, and secured the county for Frederick. Things were rapidly getting out of hand. Right at the point where the Jacobites needed strong leadership, they had Boyle. King James was no statesman, a poet and artist at best and the Prince Regent was descending into drink.

Boyle fumbled, as more and more troops were moved from America and Germany into Lancaster and Wessex. Scuddy policemen switched sides, over to the Hanoverians. The hammer in the coffin were the Patriot Committees. People in localities rose up against Jacobite administrators, taking power for the community. Liberty, the Rights of Britons, the Anglican Church and the True King were their ideals. The common experience of Jacobite-French domination had bound together the English, Welsh and Lowland Scots. The Highland Scots and the Irish were the strongest remnants of Jacobite power.

James and Charles fled from London to France aboard a tea clipper in 1761. The Patriots formed an unofficial mob army and joined the regular armies of Frederick and sweeped away the last remnants of Jacobite government in May. Frederick was crowned King of Great Britain, and of Ireland in August and the 16 Years Tyranny was finally at an end.
 
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The 10 Years' War

Austria and Prussia had stood up remarkably well for the first six years of the war. But by 1761, the two nations were finding it remarkably difficult to stand up against the two nations. But the coronation of Frederick as King of Great Britain lead to a run on the financially questionable Banque Royale. While the Franco-Spanish troops performed admirably, as pay checks ran dry they began to desert and Bavaria was overrun by 1762. The entry of Britain on Austria and Prussia's side along with the Dutch began to a terminal decline in the Franco-Spanish war effort.

Swathes of French and Spanish territory were annexed by the victors, leaving the formerly two most poweful nations in Europe cowed and weak. However, the victors in turn were not exactly titans, and soon found themselves overstretched logistically and economically. This was most acute in Britain.

Britain had recently undegone a violent conquest, followed by an equally violant rebellion. They had then taken part in an expenseive and bloody war, conquering huge tracts of land. They were now in a horrible hole of debt, with expenses increasing year on year from the running of the sheer breadth of their newly acquired empire. Quite simply, they could not continue in this way. Prussia and Austria, as well as the Netherlands, also suffered but not nearly so badly as the British. So, in order to extract the funds necessary to pay off their debts and repair their damages in order to run the empire efficiently, the British exacted enormous reparations on France and Spain. This certainly helped as a secondary source of income, and money from French and Spanish coffers soon found itself invested across the globe, returning monies and colonies which contribute to the Empire's vastness today.

But for France and Spain, these reparations could not come at a worse time. The expense of building their respective empires had been vast. It had seemed worth it while they were winning, but now their debts were colossal and much of their nations wealth went to Britain. Poverty grew, and disease festered in improverished, stagnant cities. All of which made it easier fo the British to dominate French, Spanish and European markets. With poverty came discontent. It is in the 1750s, that the Macadamite for the road to French Revolution was laid, not in the 1770s.
 
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The First British Political Revolution

The Earl of Bute had co-ordinated the last years of the 10 Years War, and is remembered today in Britain for two reasons. He expanded the Empire to its greatest extent at that time, and he was the last PM to acknowledge himself as a Tory. Admittedly a New Tory, but a Tory nonetheless.

Britain found herself with an embittered neighbour across the channel, restive colonies in the Americas because of increased taxation and regulations, a resurgence of Jacobitism in Ireland, a fear of overextension of the Empire and the Highlands and a bad liquidity problem.

Despite these issues, Bute was popular and hoped to be able to restore the fortunes of his party. It was not to be. General Washington, one of Frederick's closest aides and military governor of the Highlands was shot in the head by a mob of enraged Jacobie clansmen. Fear and paranoia spread across England. There had been riots in Ireland, but whats new? The resurgence of the Jacobite Scots brought back some painful memories.

The Patriot Committees, though they had lain dormant throughout Bute's term had not lain idle. They had attended to local affairs and a network of correspondence had woven its way across the whole of the British Isles. Indeed, it is the Patriots that we have to thank for our Postal Service today.

Now, the Patriots reorganised the mobs that had paved the way for James III's demise and forged an alliance with the Whig members of Parliament. Networking with the colonies across the Atlantic, the Whig-Patriot Alliance emerged as an enormous political party.

Bute's position soon proved untenable, as the Committees appealed to local issues, while rallying around national Whig figures. The emergence of the Patriot-Whigs is often credited as the founding of modern British politics.

With Bute and the New Tories removed, King Frederick agreed to recognise the Patriot-Whigs as the legitimate government of the nation. Unfortunately, the nature of the Patriots and their wildly differing policies meant that no one man emerged to seize the reins of the nations. By 1770, a National Directorate was created to pool the efforts of the personalities towards a new kingdom.

The other personalities have been forgotten by history, but one man's name is remembered. John Taylor. Taylor was born an Irish commoner, but through the Patriots had crawled to the top of government. He united the powerhouse of the Patriot-Whigs and emerged as one of Britain's few non-partisan leaders. Taylor is remembered as one of the National Fathers, an exalted member of Britain's high pantheon of national leaders.

Taylor introduced radical policies like the univeral suffrage for both men and women, an utterly unique idea that took an incredibly long time to catch on in other nations because of the social status of women at the time, as well as people's attitude to the common folk. One of his best remembered policies is the New Parliament Act which turned Parliament as the primary law-making body with the King as a mere rubber stamp.

The First British Political Revolution was completed in 1775. Taylor was displaced as PM and the interim government and National Directorate removed. The House of Commons had 500 seats representing people from Great Britain, Ireland and most importantly, the British colonies in America. The largest faction of the Patriot-Whigs emerged as the Radicals who formed Britain's first government. The other parties to emerge from the Patriot-Whigs were the Country Party, the Physiocrats, the Whigs, Independents, Republicans and Dissenters. The Radicals had absorbed much of the original Patriot-Whigs where the others had absorbed more radical or more coservative interests and so the Radicals were to remain Britain's party of government for some time.
 
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