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Louis of Orleans, brother of the King Charles VI of France, was betrothed to one Catherine, the daughter (and heiress) of the King of Hungary and Poland. Historically, she died young, and the marriage never happened. If it had, my understanding is that Louis would have eventually ascended to the thrones of Hungary and Poland. In theory, anyway - the Polish nobility could probably have thrown a wrench in the works there.

Imagine that Catherine doesn't die, and that marriage takes place. Now, if my understanding of the French succession is correct, until Charles had a son, Louis, as his only brother, would have been the heir to the throne of France if something happened to Charles. There were occasions where things came very close to happening to Charles - he could easily have died at the Ball of Burning Men, for example. He was mad - it's not a stretch to imagine his early death.

Imagine that all of these things go in Louis's favor. He ascends to the thrones of France, Hungary, and Poland.

This isn't easy for him - he doesn't seem to have been terribly popular even in France, historically, would eventually provoke a civil war against the Duke of Burgundy, and I believe France was even going to accept a different pope than Hungary come the Schism. The latter two things, though, can both post-date Louis's ascension, I believe, and possibly be butterflied by it.

So how does this all affect Europe? I can't imagine the HRE would be happy to be surrounded by Valois. What about the Ottomans? Historically, the French were at the Siege of Nicopolis along with the Hungarians. If that still happens, it could go better or worse. Could we see Hungarians or Poles in any continuation of the Hundred Years War (seems unlikely to me, but maybe).
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