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France goes to war against Spain in the 1850s. Spain looses Catalonia and the Basque Country to independence and Galicia to Portugal. Catalonia and the Basque Country become french satellite republics. Then in 1871 Germany deprives France of Brittany, Algeria and Occitania while the french Basque Country goes to its already independent neighbour and Corsica joins Italy. You therefore have a balkanised Western Europe.
1) How would this impact Ireland?
2) And Wales and Scotland?
3) Where would the capitals of the new countries be?
4) How would they get on with one another?
5) Could a scramble for Africa be avoided?
6) What about the First World War?
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