In 1693-1694, a massive crop shortage caused widespread famine in France, killing an estimated 1-2 million people. France under Louis XIV was fighting the War of the Grand Alliance and was already under massive strain from the costs of the war. Say Louis XIV had shown more restraint, or perhaps the Glorious Revolution had been a failure, or perhaps the German princelings had been intimidated by his threats, as was his intention, and France is at peace in this time period. What effects would this have had? Could widespread death have been averted? I believe the famine is also listed as one of the causes of the decline in French natality, so would there be significant long term demographic and economic effects as well? Lastly, could this crop shortage during a time of peace in France have led to more significant voluntary emigration to Canada and other colonies? This question also applies to the famine of 1709-1710, which took place during the War of the Spanish Succession.