So, since there is a South Vietnamese flag, maybe there are still two Vietnam’s, although I don’t know how plausible that is.
Not necessarily. The refugees from South Vietnam might use the flag as a symbol of their identity and as a proof they do not accept annexation of their country by North Vietnam. It is not unusual for emigrates to use flags of their old countries as reminders where they come from.
The ending was a surprise! I initially thought the Americans were going to get ambushed! From my perspective, I looks like the whole thing was set up to make the Moon Marines look bad. It wouldn’t surprise me if the Soviet government picked two cosmonauts who were speaking some other Cyrillic alphabet language that wasn’t Russian and told them to open up a box when the Americans show up. Can anyone verify what language the cosmonauts were speaking?
My Russian is quite rusty, but I'm pretty sure that they spoke normal Russian. I'v heard frazes like: "Put your weapons down, we're not a threat to you. Do not shoot. We'll explain everything, just give us a minute. We're not doing anything wrong."
I am a little suprised the cosmonauts didn't speak English and needed a short dictionary. I would think the Soviets would send men who know at least some English, considering US and Soviet bases seem to be relatively close and even accidental contact was possible. OTOH the Americans spoke Russian to them first (although with terrible accent) so they had reason to believe they would be understood even if speaking Russian. And if not, since the cosmonauts didn't speak English, they tried to communicate the best way they could.
To be honest it's hard to blame the Soviets here. They were unarmed, and while they were close to US mining facility, they didn't try to enter it. The Americans came to them. The place the cosmonauts were in was not marked in any way as US property, and American claims to it were rather dubious - their only right to that precise piece of the Moon were their rifles and willingness to use them. IMO it was a little like US Navy ships firing at Soviet hydrographic ship on international waters. Even if the Soviets were spying on them, that is not a reason to kill. Not without war.
The consequences will be... severe. The Soviets will be pissed off. From their POV one of their cosmonauts was murdered. He was unarmed, he didn't pose any threat to the Americans and he wasn't in their territory. The next spaceship to Zvezda base will have a Spetsnaz team aboard (unless they are already therer). Not necessarily to attack Jamestown, but to protect Zvezda. It's just the Soviets believe in active defence.
The Apollo-Soyuz mission is out. The Soviet narration will be: how can our cosmonauts shake hands with people who murdered their comrade?
The American prestige gets a big hit: the Americans brought weapons to the Moon and they were first to deliberately kill another human in space. The best way for US would be to cover all of it, but that might mean killing the other cosmonaut to eliminate a witness. And the Soviets will send a team to check what happened to their comrades who are not coming back for so long...
The arms race in space will get even stronger. I'm pretty sure the Soviets already have plansto arm Buran. Now in its fiirst flight it will be armed for sure. And the Soviets mu dust off MiG-105 or perhaps procede with Uragan (allegedly a space fighter, if it existed at all).