It might be possible in the Mesoamerican area. City states had already existed there for hundreds, thousands of years. One or several wide-area empires, building upon the success of the Mexica or Tarascans, could establish something like European-feudalism.
To get to it though, you're going to need some steps first. In its most classic sense, feudalism refers to a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs. Many medieval historians have included a broader social aspect, adding the peasantry bonds of manorialism, sometimes referred to as a "feudal society."
Basically to get something that most people can agree on as 'feudalism' or feudal-like you're going to need a weak, decentralized authority (king), several lords, vassals and etc in a widely arranged network and hierarchy (nobles), warriors-for-hire, usually paid for in land grants and rights (knights), a large and suppressed peasantry that is tied to the land (which do not own or rent the land upon which they work), that constitutes at least 9/10ths of the population and does all the work, mostly agricultural (peasantry/serfs), and a over-arching uniting religion with its own caste of priests and etc that interacts both outside of and in-between the nobility, the king, the knights, and the serfs.