Fenians, Brits, Mexicans, Canucks and Frenchies....OH, MY! An alternate American Civil War

Japan loosing Hokkaido doesn’t make sense by 1910 the island already had a population of 1.6 million with almost all of them being Japanese. Also in 1880 the population was also already close to half a million. So even the invasion should have been much harder as it is not some random tundra with 5 people living in it.
 
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Japan loosing Hokkaido doesn’t make sense by 1910 the island already had a population of 1.6 million with almost all of them being Japanese. Also in 1880 the population was also already close to half a million. So even the invasion should have been much harder as it is not some random tundra with 5 people living in it.
According to Wikipedia, the population in 1880 wasn't half a million.

You can see that the population exploded from the 1860's (the start of my TL) to 123,668 in 1987 to 414,430 in 1890. This was solely due to Japanese immigration policy.

My TL has Japan backing off on northern expansion early and focusing on southern expansion.

Note that, without the Meiji Restoration, there would likely be no real immigration to Hokkaido at all if the Shogunate remained in power.

But it is ok to disagree.

172115,615
175021,807+1.16%
178626,310+0.52%
179828,711+0.73%
182261,948+3.26%
183467,862+0.76%
184670,887+0.36%
1873123,668+2.08%
1890414,430+7.37%
19031,089,503+7.72%
19202,359,183+4.65%
19302,812,335+1.77%
19403,272,718+1.53%
19504,295,567+2.76%
19605,039,206+1.61%
19705,184,287+0.28%
19805,575,989+0.73%
19905,643,647+0.12%
20005,683,062+0.07%
20105,506,419−0.32%
20205,281,297−0.42%
 
After losing Sakhalin and the Kurils, I think the Japanese would have done the exact opposite of what you had them do, which was arm Hokkaido to the teeth rather than let the Americans have a springboard to the home islands. In OTL, the Japanese encouraged immigration to Hokkaido because they were worried about potential Russian encroachment, and they would have done the same at the very least if they saw the US occupation of the region as well.

It would be the equivalent of the Russians or the Japanese somehow occupying Alaska and then the US deciding not to fortify TTL's British Columbia because there hasn't traditionally been many people there.

I have a hard time believing that the US would need only 8000 soldiers to occupy Hokkaido. If you are a decision maker in Kyoto, and had even a quarter of a brain cell, you would make sure that Hokkaido would be properly garrisoned. Yes, I can buy Japanese military leaders having the WWII style overconfidence in themselves, but not them being utterly brain dead and letting the Americans just walk into Hokkaido which is only 1 island away from their main island. I don't buy this.
 
Looks like the possible Nazi equivalent in TTL are the Russians. Japan is also no longer relevant in a major way since their army has no way of projecting power onto the mainland.
 
Chapter 338
October, 1907

Paris


The Commune would initially serve as the governing body of France until the new "French Socialist Republic's" new Parliament was fully embodied. But there was a great deal to do before hand. Any high ranking military official of dubious loyalty to the Socialist Parties would be removed....and that accounted for most of them.

Several soldiers would attempt coups only to find that this only reinforced the fear of the Commune. In the Parliamentary elections of 1907, the Conservative Parties were banned for "disloyalty".

Poland

A new King of Poland would arrive in Krakow weeks after the Constitution was signed. There had been numerous choices but one of the House of Wettin from which the Kings of Poland had once drawn was preferable. As a distance cousin of the current monarchy (a Catholic), the new Poland would choose its own path.

Lithuania would soon follow, as would Finland.

Others like White Russia, the Ukraine, Latvia and Estonia would hem and haw back and forth about whether to be republicans or constitutional monarchies. Eventually, in 1908, the Ukraine would offer the throne to the cousin of the Romanian King, himself a mix of Romanian, Georgian, Greek and Russian nobility.

Once the first few nations took this path, most of the others would follow. Various German princes would ascend the thrones of the Baltic states (Finland would take one of the Swedish Royal family). Another Romanian would be selected for White Russia (by this point renamed Byelorussia) largely due to the lack of good candidates. The Greek and Serbian Royal Families were too tied politically to Russia while the Bulgarians did not have any good male candidates.

The Russian Czarina had approved the formal peace though some border disputes remained.

Beijing

Having destroyed the Trans-Siberian railroad for a length of nearly two thousand miles, the Chinese government was content to wait for the Russians to come to terms. In the end, the Mandarin was not concerned. Russia had its own internal problems and was busily killing hundreds of thousands of its own people to "purify" the nation.

If the Czarina wanted to pretend she still had practical access to eastern Asia and the Pacific, she was entitled to those delusions.

The Turkic tribes of Central Asia were being slaughtered. Marxists, Jews, native Siberians, non-Orthodox Christians, Old Believers, Muslims and even Mennonites were ruthlessly hunted down. The borders of Russia would ripple with the flight of huge numbers of refugees over the years.
 
Chapter 339
November, 1907

New York


The 1st New York Brigade would return to Manhattan for the inevitable parade in which Theodore Roosevelt was given the key to the city. His extended family would be there, many glaring at him over the death of his kinsmen. It would be some time before "Teddy" would be invited to family dinners.

Lieutenant Winston Churchill would manage to spy his mother Jenny in the crowd, stilling donning black over the loss of her son, Jack. Fortunately, Jenny had come to terms with her Hungarian daughter-in-law once the grandchildren started rolling in. A fourth had been born while Winston was away at war.

Roosevelt had a surprise for his friend. He'd managed to get the English-born soldier a promotion to Captain, a rare accomplishment for a man with so little experience and out of a "Volunteers" Brigade to boot. Churchill would encounter resentment from "regular" officers who had spent years working their way up the ranks. But that wouldn't bother Churchill. He'd had enough of military life and was happy to return to civilian life.

Kolyma River, "American" Siberia

First hundreds, then thousands of "native" Siberian tribesmen would cross the Kolyma River into "American" Siberia. The Sea of Okhotsk was already icing over and the tribesmen were eager to escape the Russian kill squads wiping out locals left and right. Ironically, it would be the nominal Russian Governor of Annagrad who would repeatedly offer these tribesmen transport to Kamchatka and Sakhalin.

Eduard von Toll was a Baltic-German explorer who had been put in charge of Annagrad (only a few thousand people, mostly soldiers and sailors) so he may spend more time exploring the furthest reaches of Eastern Siberia in the brief summer. As news of the horrors inflicted upon the Russian population by the Czarina's Nationalists slowly trickled in....and the independence of the European tributary regions like his homeland.....the governor would realize his presence in a position of power probably on existed if someone forgot he was here. Not an administrator, von Toll was a scientist put in the position by a friend so he may study the far east. Sooner or later, the Czarina would send someone to replace him....or bury him.

Going back to Moscow was NOT an option.

The soldiers and sailors were mostly on punishment detail. The only men who cared were the Captains of the Russian vessels which got sank by the Americans months prior. When local tribesmen started arriving in Annagrad, von Toll arranged for their transport to "American" Siberia or Sakhalin. When those ships returned, more refugees were already present. These were shipped along with a surprisingly amount of soldiers and sailors.

By winter, Annagrad was feeling a ghost-town.

But von Toll stayed as hundreds more tribesmen, political refugees and other "undesirables" showed up and he arranged transport for these as well.

When a Russian officer arrived after months of travel across Siberia with orders to enact the new Nationalist policies. A new garrison was reportedly only a few hundred miles behind. Von Toll had him thrown in prison and promptly boarded the last ship out of Annagrad.

Over the summer and fall of 1907, von Toll had evacuated thousands of Russians and Siberians.

Washington

After years of debate, Congress would finally accept the separation of Long Island from New York as a new state, Staten Island to be transferred to New Jersey and the division of California into two states (with the southern one annexing the territory of "Lower California".

Of course the latter would drag on as each demanded to solely retain the name "California". Irritated, the President promised to veto the Congressional approval if the "Californias" didn't work this out themselves.

Eventually, the names "Upper California" and "Lower California" were settled upon by grudging local governments in early 1908.

In the meantime, the American government would also purchase from Cuba the second largest island of the Colony (after Cuba itself), Isla de Pinos (Isle of Pines). While the harbors at Guantanamo Bay or Havana were undoubtedly superior, the lightly inhabited island off the southern coast of Cuba still had an adequate harbor for the use of the US navy. The millions offered for the island by America would go a long way to making the new Cuban Government solvent for the first year or two and the Cubans were not exactly in a position to say no given that America could simply sail into the harbor and take it whenever they wanted.

Madrid

By the end of 1907, both Italy and Spain had completely cut ties to the radical new regime in France. In order to put a definitive end to the war, Spain and Italy would agree with cut all ties with Russia and France....provided that Great Britain gave up all claims to Gibraltar and Malta.

That was the price of peace.
 
Map of North America -1907
Fenians - 1907 - North America.png
 
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Chapter 340
December, 1907

Paris


The purge of high-ranking officers in the French Army and Navy would only continue as thousands were relieved of duty and hundreds arrested. Unemployed common soldiers were offered positions in factories now confiscated by the Commune. Union officials would be heavily vetted and laws supporting "workers" were placed on the books but the economic chaos would see rampant unemployment and inflation.

While the French banking system survived the war, it could not survive the Marxist-Socialists. Private deposits were simply taken by the government.....only to naturally see the banks collapse.

Similarly, the Commune would start "nationalizing" large landowners' property to distribute them as state-owned small farms. Unlike other regions of Europe, though, small landowners had long been increasing their holdings from the old feudal plantations. But tens of thousands would receive land (though nominally owned by the state) to farm with limited taxes.

However, annexing land, nationalizing factories and seizing bank deposits was, at best, a one time boon. Eventually, and far sooner than expected, the political benefits of these actions would be offset by the radical drop in taxation received from agriculture, manufacturing and the like. In short order, the Commune would be forced to raise taxes on income and land (usually higher than under the old regime). Reduced grain yields would see the government sprint to subsidize or artificially cap prices (the latter in particular was a dismal failure as capped prices reduced production). Eventually, the government would start determining which crops the farmers must cultivate. For practicality, the Government would order more potato production despite centuries-long antipathy of that particular food staple (the French were attached to their bread despite lower caloric yields per acre for wheat than potatoes).

For the most part, the French economy continued to collapse.

London


Despite the "victory", Great Britain would hardly prove in a victorious mood. For all her expenses of the war, the British had, at best, merely held the line.

At worst, they'd lost Gibraltar and Malta (now confirmed by treaty to Spain and Italy, respectively), gained nothing, seen faith in the Empire by the various Dominions significantly wane and wracked up a huge debt.

Yes, France had been laid low again but the economic collapse there also hurt the British economy as pre-war France had been a significant trading partner.

Worse, Britain's relationship with her "allies" America and Germany had also proven somewhat lackluster. During the war, America offered virtually nothing in Europe and not much more in Asia until a Japanese ship attacked an America vessel. America was concerned with America, nothing else.

Worse, the Balfour Government was also learning of large-scale protests throughout the Anglo-American Co-Protectorate by native tribes, many of which had prospered by the presence of the Protectorate but wanted additional representation in the Regional Councils. To make matters worse, the damned Americans were publicly stating that they SUPPORTED this!

Had Cousin Jonathan not learned from Britain having lost India after allowing "modest" political reform?

Cursing the Americans, Balfour would wonder if McKinley and his ilk were actually happy to potentially lose Africa.


Washington

President McKinley had reached the point he would be happy to give up Africa. The Co-Protectorate was becoming something of a political embarrassment. A large faction of Congress had spent the past years accusing him of Imperialism with the intent of turning Cuba and the rest of the Spanish West Indies into colonies (in truth, the thought HAD crossed his mind but now looked like too much trouble).

McKinley was already struggling with what to do with Guyana and Amazonia. The Orinoco Territory was clamoring for Independence, Autonomy or Statehood, depending on the day. Guyana and Amazonia did not appear likely to develop capacity to govern themselves any time soon. It would remain a sinkhole for American capital.

Similarly, Kamchatka and the Ainu Islands didn't appear overly promising. At least there was a basis for a population here, though, as tens of thousands of Siberians, Russians, Americans, Joseons and even some Chinese would migrate to the islands to work the mines or just seek refuge. The Russians fled the Chinese and the Siberians fled the Russians.

Now, however, America was expected to defend lightly populated territories near three potentially hostile powers, not only a great expense but increasing the likelihood of sparking another war, a war in which America could by definition have little to gain and much to lose.

Like Sakhalin and the Kurils, it had long been assumed that eventually America would hand back Kamchatka to the Russians. Looking at a map, it did not seem likely or possible for American to retain such remote territories proximate to three powerful nations for long. However, the poor relations with Russia prevented McKinley from making a magnanimous offer to return these lands to Russia (and possibly Hokkaido to Japan). The Yellow Press had decried the massacres and thuggery apparently forcing hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of people across Russian borders. Non-Orthodox Christians, Jews, Muslims (mainly in Central Asia), Siberian tribesmen and basically anyone else the regime didn't like were being forced from their homes in vicious Pogroms.

Handing ANYTHING back to these people was unacceptable to the American public.

McKinley, after eight years, was happy to turn over the nation to someone else in 1908.
 
If they didn't want it then why even annex Hokkaido? Just cause you occupy it in war doesn't mean you have to annex it afterwards. This seems like a self made issue that could have been easily avoided by just not doing it.
 
Why not use Hokkaido as a bargaining chip for peace rather than have it as a lingering causus belli for Japan that will be extremely difficult to defend any future war? They'll make far more money selling it back to Japan than trying to invest in a territory that is far away with a hostile population.
 
If they didn't want it then why even annex Hokkaido? Just cause you occupy it in war doesn't mean you have to annex it afterwards. This seems like a self made issue that could have been easily avoided by just not doing it.

Exactly. Annexing something for the sake of annexing it was a hallmark of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a matter of pride to aspiring colonial powers and few nations gave back land even if it looked obvious that it would be better to be rid of it.

I don't see America being any more immune to this than Britain, France or Germany.

Did Germany really believe that Togo and Samoa were REALLY going to make them a global power?

The cost of most colonies would never be paid back in full. For every West Indies in the Sugar Trade era, every India and every South Africa, there were half a dozen colonies which gained the colonizers nothing and as often as not got them into trouble.

In this case, McKinley knew that holding Kamchatka and Sakhalin long term would be prohibitively difficult but the increasingly Fascist Russia and Japan would not likely lead to handing back territory. I'm not sure if selling it back would be an option as that inferred that Russia and Japan could afford to pay anything.

Thus, for now, America holds new territories that don't make much sense on a map.
 
Chapter 341
March, 1908

Brooklyn Naval Yard, State of Long Island


President McKinley would personally christen the new USS Georgia, the latest of the Michigan-class warships to launch. In July, the USS Louisiana would follow, being the last of the Michigan-class for the next class of heavy warships, the Virginia-class, had already laid keel in Norfolk. If the designs could be finalized soon, the following class would soon lay keel next year, probably in the San Diego shipyard.

Having lost half the US Navy's heavy ships in less than two years, the necessity of rebuilding the fleet bigger and better than before was obvious to anyone, the President thought grimly. Japan did not lose their war due to losing many battles, but losing too many ships even in victorious battles. America came perhaps too close to suffering the same fate. The fact that America and her allies had a few more ships than the Japanese meant the difference between total Japanese dominance of eastern Asia to being entrapped upon their home islands.

Forfeit a few more ships and the American Pacific colonies, the American West Indies, Guyana-Amazonia and the Co-Protectorate could have been just as easily lost.

Of course, the fact that every nation is not only rebuilding their fleets of capital ships but furiously adding new submersible and destroyer designs as well proved that the great powers are hedging their bets. Perhaps the arrival of the torpedo heralded the end of the age of super-battleships early. When the 20 man crew of an Italian submersible can sink the HMS Dreadnought without even being seen, how useful WERE these big ships?

Maybe this USS Georgia was already obsolete?

But the ship had been bought and paid for. It may as well put to sea. Time would tell if it would prove to be a white elephant, yet another waste of government spending.

April, 1908

Chicago


The Republican Convention would commence in late April in Chicago. There were a number of candidates though William Howard Taft, General Theodore Roosevelt and Senator Fairbanks and others were considered the front runners.

Soon enough, Roosevelt would take control and Taft and Charles Hughes were brought over to his candidacy by brazen promise of the next two Supreme Court vacancies.

In short order, the General was nominated. At that point, it was more a matter of his runner up. Considered a "Progressive", many Republicans wanted to balance the ticket with a more conservative. Seeing this, Roosevelt begged the leading Progressive in the Senate, Robert La Follette to seek the nomination but the Senator refused.

In the end, Speaker of the House Joseph Gannon agreed to take the nomination. He was enthusiastically supported if only to get him out of Congress. Perhaps no Speaker in history carried such power. Members of the Progressive faction were livid that the seniority system had been set aside by Gannon who would then personally select all members of various committees. A revolt was predicted in 1908 where members of the Republican Progressive side were actually going to ally with Democrats to select another Speaker.

In order to avoid such a spectacle, the Republicans agreed to give Gannon the Vice-Presidency. Already 74 years old, Gannon was considering his legacy. History books always noted Presidents and Vice-Presidents....but seldom Speakers of the House.

It was a reasonable compromise and Gannon agreed for his own reasons.

In the meantime, the young and moderate Governor John Johnson of Minnesota, hardly a household name nationwide (it was a very poor year for Democratic candidates), would be selected as the Democratic nominee.

July, 1908

Beijing


Dowager Empress Cixi would, after nearly half a century of dominating Chinese politics, expire. Her son, the Tongzhi Emperor, would diligently have her buried before returning to his diffident lifestyle. However, he was soon shocked that HE was expected to make decisions now. Utterly unwilling to do anything resembling work, he would delegate that to his son and return to his mistresses and poetry.

Brooklyn Naval Base, Long Island

While Congress was out of session and preparing for the election of 1908, President McKinley would return to Brooklyn for the christening of the USS Louisiana. After the traditional breaking of the champagne bottle on the hull hilariously took four attempts before the damned bottle actually broke (by this time, the entire crowd, including the President, was laughing hysterically), the President made for his carriage (he hated the smelly new automobiles and only rode in them for photo opportunities).

Minutes later, the President would be pushing through a crown of well-wishers only to be stabbed by an onlooker who somehow managed to slip the knife into his lower back without catching notice in the press of humanity. The man managed to escape while McKinley was momentarily held up by the tight crowd.
 
Quay's dead since 1904. No new VP mentioned.

Thhis could be a funny scenario: . Gannon as speaker becomes President for a few months only to become VP after the inauguration.
 
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Chapter 342
October, 1908

Mayo Clinic, Minnesota


The frail Governor John Johnson would expire after a last minute surgery in his home state of Minnesota. This would be tragic enough if he hadn't also been the Presidential nominee of the Democratic Party. Johnson was a moderate, consensus-builder and the first Democrat Governor in Minnesota's history. He would be legitimately mourned.

His running mate, former State Senator John Kern of Indiana, was hardly a national figure. He was among the "Progressive" wing of the Democratic Party. In truth, no one knew who the hell he was. While there would be a wave of sympathy for the death of Governor Johnson (another less than famous figure), the near absolute lack of name recognition for both Johnson and Kerns would not help in the Ballot box.

A Republican sweep in November was looking more and more likely.

November, 1908

Washington


President William Frye of Maine had been President Pro-Tempore of the Senate at the death of President McKinley. Unfortunately, Vice-President Matthew Quay had died months prior to the actual 1904 election and the Republicans hadn't acted quickly enough to replace him on the ballot in the fall of 1904 due to infighting. Many figured the sympathy vote of having a dead man as Vice-President was probably worth more than a living man, anyway.

For nine months, Frye would serve as President. By law, Frye had been forced to resign his Senate seat and thus the old man would serve out his final public position(he would die in 1911) in the highest of the land.

He would oversee the 1908 election in which Roosevelt would win by a considerable margin. Frye would also happen to face two Supreme Court Justice vacancies in short order. While HE had not made any promises to the men Roosevelt had guaranteed Supreme Court Vacancies, Charles Evans Hughes and William Howard Taft, Frye would nevertheless support his party's unity by nominating the two men for the seats.

Frye would also normalize relations with Brazil, Chile, Spain, France and Italy over the following months (as well as Peru and Bolivia after declining to return their territories). . Trade resumed and, beyond some minor discussion regarding reparations for attacks on civilians or seizure of private property, relations would return.

Bolivia and Peru (the latter engaged in a civil war.....again), would be outraged at the new "Atacama" Protectorate formed from their coastal regions (plus some of northern Chile). However, having intervened three times on their behalf, was no longer interested in dealing with the dysfunction of the locals. Instead, America took direct control over the region. Oddly, this would satisfy the Chileans more than the Peruvians and Bolivians as America would actually follow through in respecting civilian contracts and allowed immigration to any who desired to reside there.

In 1908, there had been more Chileans in the Bolivian Atacama region while there were more Bolivians than Peruvians in Peru's section. There were also large numbers of "foreigners", particularly Europeans. There seemed to be no particular inclination or ability for Peru and Bolivia to resume control and it was politically unacceptable for Chile to be handed the area (or even the section which had belonged to them prior to the war).

Instead, America would guarantee Bolivia's access to the the sea (which was never secure under THEIR nominal control) and swiftly returned to the business of nitrate production. America would improve several port facilities and commence construction of the first north-south railroad along the length of the territory (and two routes into Bolivia).

Chile had fallen into civil war when four different General led coups in the same year, eliminating any pretense at Democracy in what had been the most stable country in the region.

London

Having routed Balfour's Conservatives in early 1908, Liberal Prime Minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman would die in office. He would be replaced in the government by his Chancellor, H.H. Asquith.

While Britain had nominally "won" the war, the lack of any credible gains for the loss of billions in treasure and over a hundred thousand lives would make voters question Balfour's judgement and the Liberals would sweep back into power. Like most of the leaders of the past war, Balfour's Conservatives would pay the price for a conflict many doubted was necessary (only the American and German parties in power during the war would remain so after).

Newark

Seeking a new "antagonist" for the hundreds of movies already lined up in 1909 and 1910, the new Motion Pictures of Newark would select a young Italian, Benito Mussolini for the role. With his odd looks and somewhat over-the-top theatrical demeaner, he made for the perfect villain. He would be among the most proliferate actors in Newark.

Mussolini had fled Italy years before to avoid compulsory military service and spent the war years in Switzerland. Not exactly welcomed back by the government, Mussolini would end up in New York teaching Italian before answering an audition flyer for bit part actors. Within the year, he had moved up to bigger roles until he signed his contract with MPN.
 
Chapter 343
December, 1908

Rome


King Umberto I would be forced to dismiss Prime Minister Solandra of the Conservatives. Paolo Boselli of the Liberals would take over despite the King's personal loathing. Like so many others, the leadership of the Italian government would fall despite winning Malta and the Tirol. Italy had been forced to, once again, publicly repudiate any designs on Africa, the true purpose of the war on Italy's participation in the war.

It was not a promising beginning to a new government.

As it was, Umberto I would suffer a stroke in December and his son Victor Emmanuel would assume a regency. Not remotely as inclined towards politics as his father, Victor Emmanuel would develop a good relationship with Boselli over the coming years.

Shanghai

The new Chinese shipyards had been chartered by the late Dowager Empress Cixi and was intended to finally give the nation a shipyard capable of building ships powerful enough to challenge the other Great Powers on the high seas.

The Naval Minister knew full well that without the aid of Great Britain, Australia and America that Japan could easily have crushed China at sea. This had been the reason for the Chinese entrance into the war. Japan must be stopped while China could FIND allies.

The naval race would begin once again.

Warsaw

After months of debate, the more central city of Warsaw was determined to be more viable than Krakow as the long-term capital of Poland. While the new King would actually prefer Krakow, he made no objection (he truly loved the architecture of the ancient city). But Warsaw was nice too. Better, he didn't have to deal with his jackass cousin any more in Saxony. It was so much better to have one's own Kingdom.

The new Constitution was signed, the new Parliament engaged and the nation was already taking shape. The monarch was left to do little more than fix up a local palace in Warsaw and cut a few ribbons (oh, and learn to speak Polish).

The specter of Russia, though, would always hang over Poland.

Ankara

A group of young officers led by Ishmael Enver called the "Young Turks" seeking more political reform. However, the officers would not realize the depth of support for the Pasha by the common people. The army largely supported the Pasha and most were arrested. Shortly thereafter, a mob of several thousand people would storm into the prison and hang dozens of rebellious officers from Enver down to a young officer named Mustapha Kemal.

Seeing that the would-be coup was backed by some genuine discontent, the Pasha would enact a certain phased series of reforms with a new Constitution which allowed multiple parties.

The Pasha would be surprised to find that granting multiple parties did more to cement his status than anything else he could have done. By splitting the opposition into factions, they were FAR easier to manipulate.
 
Chapter 344
March, 1909

Washington


President Theodore Roosevelt would take the oath of office in March, 1909. Roosevelt took Churchill's advice and didn't wax on for hours on end and kept his speech a relatively short 20 minutes. He was complimentary to the outcoming Acting President (Frye) and to Congress for their efforts in a difficult time. The Republicans had gained back most of what they had lost in 1906 and, once again, held a moderately comfortable majority.

Better still, the Democrats were splintering again. Southern Democrats were livid at being marginalized at the Convention after John Johnson and John Kerns were selected for the Presidential ticket. Closer to the "Progressive" side of the Democratic Party preferring in the north, the southern Democrats wondered why the hell they bothered supporting the Democrats at all. It had been the Southern Democrats which supplied most of the Democrat electoral votes in recent elections, not the north.

Many began to wonder if simply breaking away into a new party would make sense. On the surface, it did not. There would likely be no support outside of the South for such an entity. However, breaking away would have some potential benefits. The southern Democrats, removed from the hindrances of a Party with deep regional divisions, may take advantage of the situation by offering their votes in Congress to whichever Party offered the most for them.

The probable results of such an action would be the "Progressive Democrats" moving ever closer to the Republican platform. This would lead many "Progressive Republicans" to join them while more traditional Republicans to retrenched. This would lead to a potential "three party" system. There were arguments against this, of course, as the American electoral system (winner takes all) seldom allowed for more than two parties as it, by necessity, encouraged all groups to consolidate and then move towards the middle as the "third" party would never take exact amounts of support from both of the others. Multiple parties made more sense for proportional representation systems akin to many European governments.

But there was also the potential for the Republicans to split as well. Similarly divided into faction, the Republicans were not a monolith. Already, opposition to Roosevelt was growing in some quarters.

Roosevelt was leading his Party into a Progressive direction which did not make everyone happy.

Nothing had been decided in 1908 but the issue would rise up again and again.

Orinoco Territory


Having seen the rapid expansion of the oil industry in Orinoco Territory, the denizens had debated for years if statehood or independence should be the goal. Sitting on a pile of wealth surrounded by potentially jealous neighbors without American military power to protect it did not appeal to most. Besides, still seeing dictatorships from the remnants of Venezuela and aggression by Brazil, the people of Orinoco would prefer statehood.

Despite the rush of American immigration to the territory in the past two decades, only about 40% of the territory spoke English as a first language compared to 45% Spanish and 15% "other". This was concerning by some in Washington but not critical. The educations system was entirely in English and that was enough for most to think that English would one day be spoken by all.

What was more, many in Washington believed refusing statehood would eventually lead to the loss of Orinoco as well as Guyana and Amazonia.

Statehood would be investigated over the next several years but quietly delayed until more American settlers could reach the region.

Luanda

A 24 hour general strike in the transportation industry would shut down Luanda almost completely. From train conductors, light rail drivers, teamsters, longshoremen and cab drivers (both horse and automobile), Luanda stopped.

The strike was a protest against the lack of native representation in the various Councils of the Co-Protectorate. Indeed, even many of the "non-native" Council members were ready to advocate more tribal representation.

A proposal was written to add a number of Urban and Rural tribal members to each Council. The Americans were generally supportive but Great Britain had not been. However, the new government in London was far more accommodating and was willing to compromise.

The Co-Protectorate had grown so much in recent years that a new Constitution was likely required anyway merely to govern it. A convention was called in which a new....higher.....continental Parliament would be formed while the regional Councils would be reformed greatly. Guarantees of representation by large tribes and of regional proportional representation would be made.
 
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