Consider Zheng Zhilong, who in 1633 had thirty ships being built according to the latest Dutch models and fitted with the state-of-the-art cannons. Before the Dutch sneaked in and burnt down virtually all these ships, that is. And since Zheng Zhilong was really just a provincial warlord, how many European warships could the 17th-century Ming or Qing have made in an year if they felt the need to? 60? 100? 200?