Hyderabad at its largest was almost the size of France, Mysore was maybe 2/3rd that size as was Madurai. Travancore had around the same land area as Belgium.
Each of these forms a good basis for a nation state too since they vaguely conform to different ethnolinguistic regions- Hyderabad for the Telingana, Mysore for the Kannadiga, Madurai for the Tamils and Travancore for the Malayalees.
Hyderabad and Madurai have coal resources, though this isn't anthracite but lower quality brown coal. Travanacore has geography very well suited to water power- though that would only come much later unless the technological progression works very differently with someone figuring out how to build a primitive hydro generator somehow.
It would be fascinating to see independent Indian states experience a wave of nationalism in the 18th/19th centuries.
We've covered the reason for China's difficulties pretty thoroughly. Here's what I'm not at all sure about: why didn't any part of India industrialize?
I know that some parts came fairly close - but no Indian state ever achieved the level of industrialization that most parts of Europe did before India was fully colonized.
India had a rich linguistic tradition, a large class of well-educated, literate leaders, and plenty of natural resources. What prevented India from remaining on par militarily and politically with Europe?
Indian states had occasional successes, such as in the Dutch-Travancore war, but the Dutch were small potatoes by that time, and very overstretched.
Cheers,
Ganesha