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Europa: A Victorian United Nations TL Today we gather for a noble Goal...- Opening words of the Treaty of Vienna
The Year of our Lord 1814 was a momentous year for Europe and the World. The French Revolution and The Napoleanic Wars were over and Europe was forever changed. The republican ideals of the French Revolution were stamped out by the old monarchies of Russia and Britain and silencing the growing Republican movements in their own nations, for now. Across the Atlantic the United States had shown its muscles by beating the British in the War of 1812 setting it on a one way path to greatness. But out of this success arose chaos as the borders of Europe were redrawn to great ire of many countries who now found themselves under foreign rule. To counter this chaos Austro-Hungarians hosted a "Congress of Europe" in Vienna and invited the major powerhouses of Britain, France, Russia and Prussia. Its goal was to fix the turmoil the downfall of the French Empire left Europe and form a new status quo. It began in September of 1814 with Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, an Austrian statesman, beginning opening and overseeing the discussions.
It went on for almost five months, even through Napoleons triumphant return for the Hundred Days War and his final defeat in Waterloo. In it many powers gained significant tracts of land while France lost all of her recent conquests. In the Treaty of Vienna:
Prussia gained 2/5 of Saxony, parts of the Duchy of Warsaw, Danzig, and the Rhineland/Whesphalia
Russia gained the rest of the Duchy of Warsaw and was allowed to keep Finland which it annexed from Sweden in 1809 causing the Swedish delegation to march out in a huff
A German Confederation was formed out of 38 German states to replace the Holy Roman Empire which Napoleon destroyed. It was to be run by the Austrian Emperor and included Prussia and parts of Austria-Hungary
The Netherlands and Southern Netherlands were united in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
To compensate Orange-Nassau's loss of land in Nassau (they were to become rulers of the UKN) they gave Luxembourg (part of the German Confederation) to the UKN under a Personal Union
Swedish Pomerania, given to Denmark in return for Norway, was given to Prussia
Switzerland was guaranteed as a neutral power
Hanover gave Laurnburg to Denmark but in return was granted Munster and East Frisia and also make a kingdom
The territorial gains of Bavaria, Wurttemburg,Baden,Hesse-Darmstadt and Nassau from 1801-1806 were recognized. Bavaria was given Rhenish Palatinate and parts of the Duchy of Wurzburg, Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. Hesse-Darmstadt, in exchange for giving Westphalia to Prussia, was given Rhenish Hesse and moved its capital to Mainz
Austria was given Tyrol and Salzburg from Russia, Lombardy-Venetia from Italy and Ragusa in Dalmatia. Austrian territory was given to Wurttemburg and Daben, and the Austrian Netherlands was turned into the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
Habsburg princes gained power in Tuscany and Modena
The Papal States was given to the Pope and restored their former territory (without Avignon and Comtat Venaissin which was given to France)
Britain was confirmed control of the Cape Colony in Africa, Tobago; Cleyon; and other colonies in Africa and Asia. The Dutch East Indies and Martinique were given back to their previous owners however.
The King of Sardinia was put in power in Piedmont, Nice and Savoy and was given control of Genoa (putting and end to the Republic)
The Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla were given to Napoleons wife Marie Louise
The Duchy of Lucca was created and gifted to the House of Bourbon-Parma which would gain control when Marie Louise died
Ferdinand IV, a Bourbon and King of Sicily was restored to control the Kingdom of Naples after their previous king, Joachim Murat, supported Napoleon in the Hundred Days and attacked Austria, starting the Neapolitan War
The slave Trade was Condemned
The Freedom of Navigation was given for many rivers including but not limited to the Rhine and Danube
A organization was created with Headquarters in Bern, to oversee the implementation of this treaty and further the cause of Peace in Europe and the World.
The Treaty of Vienna or The Europa Accords, as it is more commonly known, was signed by Austria, France, Portugal, Prussia, Russia and Britain. Sweden-Norway and Spain didn't sign the treaty but ratified it in 1816.