Ethnicities that could have been one in ATL

Poland
Upper Silesians and Cracovians could have been considered the same people speaking the same dialects/language, Silesian was closer to the standard Polish before the move to Warsaw and not being a part of the PLC made the dialect of Upper Silesia, a living Fossil of the time when Poland's capital was Krakow and not exposed to the Mazovian/Northern influence, plus the people of Wielun region, Krakow and Upper Silesia have similar surnames.

Portugal
Galicia and Portugal used to be one country and one people, if Afonso Henriques decided to conquer Galicia, it is possible.

Czechoslovakia
Moravians and Slovakians
 
Finns and Karelians

Could be same people if Greater Finland would has been succesful.

Scandinavia

Surviving Kalmar Union or some another united Scandinavian country.

Greater Russia

Belorussians and Ukrainians never be consired as their own peoples and languages.

Serbocroats

Serbs and Croats adopts same religion or surviving Yugoslavia.
 
Different Turkic tribes
Well, if their Asian invasions were minimized or averted, concentrating instead on Central Asia.

Tungusic groups
Manchus defeated by a robust Shun China, concentrating its resources instead on conquering the northern tribes like the Evenks.

Norwegians, Danes and Swedes
A more consolidated and longer-lasting Kalmar Union.
 
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Ireland, Mann and Scotland If Brian Borumha or some other serious and competent irish king had United Ireland permenantly and then gone for Scotlsnd and Mann. All three had a common language.
Spain and PortugalReconquista happens differently and/or Iberian Union lasts longer
Germany and Austria
Inner Mongolia,Outer Mongoliana and Buryatia
 
Liever Turks dan Paaps

Spanish Moriscos flee to the Netherlands creating a "Dutch-speaking Reformed Muslim Church" mixing islam and calvinism.
 
Tai groups (Shan, Siamese, Lao...)
More concentrated on Isan and Lanna kingdoms of OTL Thailand.

Higaonon-Binukid
Indianized Malay nobles exiled to OTL Misamis-Bukidnon region, intermarried with local women as they spread Indo-Malay civilization to the area, including Kawi script.

Subanen groups
Same scenario as the Manobos of OTL Misamis-Bukidnon region.
 
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Bulgarians and Macedonians, Moldovans and Romanians: a few butterflies in the 19th and 20th centuries would be enough to keep Macedonia and Moldova ethnically Bulgarian and Romanian - well, they actually are but, after decades of Serbian and Russian propaganda, it's as if they speak a different language altogether even if they do not.

Bosniaks, Croatians, Montenegrins and Serbians: a common religion and less centuries of domination by foreign powers (Austria for Croatia, Venice for Montenegro, and Turkey for Bosnia and Serbia) would create a single nation instead of four. Would Slovenia be a part of it, too? Slovenian is similar to Serbo-Croatian, but not identical.

Indonesians and Malaysians: British Indonesia or Dutch Malaysia. Even though Indonesia and Malaysia are as ethnically and linguistically united as Italy - not at all.
 
The Dutch and Germans: Have a medieval Emperor strong enough to centralize the Empire like Britain and France and Dutch would be remain only a German dialect instead of it's own language.
 

SinghKing

Banned
Using the creation of the Han Chinese ethnicity IOTL (created by the Imperial Chinese and their policies of systematic Sinicization, forcing all of the people under their rule to adopt Han surnames, institutions, and culture for millennia), I'd propose these ethnicities:

Indian>Mauryan
European>Roman
 
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