Espadas y Mariposas: The Survival of (most of) New Spain {TL}

Highlander

Banned
I'm curious if Britain would be able to merge Canada with New England. Wouldn't their population alone outweigh the Canadians significantly, not to mention the different culture?

Great timeline though. Working steadfastly on your map. :)
 
Espadas y Mariposas

· December 6, 1820: Agustín de Iturbide, formerly a Colonel in the.....

It's an intesresting TL, I love the subject and at some it's point feasible, but I'd like to make some sugestions.

-You are forgeting the second "assault" of the spanish liberal revolution. In 1820 general Riego reinstaured the Constitution of 1812. That should have repercussions in Mexico as it had in OTL. Under the Constituion everyone born in a spanish municipio (all in peninsular, asiatic and american territories) was citizen, with some reserves to those of "african ascent". Since IOTL the spanish liberal contitution inspired a lot the new mexican constitution (better said, there was several common thinkers behind both constitutions), I think that it could inspire also TTL new order, so the citizenship rules that you propose could change.

-That also means that between 1820 and 1823 (intervention of the Holy Alliance in Spain) the spanish sovereignty was in the Cortes, not in the king. The Cortes are who must accept or refuse any agreement with New Spain, not Ferdinand VII. It would be interesting in TTL what happens with that Holy Alliance intervention, maybe it's butterflied.

-Maybe Apodaca is not the better man to make agreements with the new-spainiards in that lines. I think that the better option is O'Donojú, who was also the man supported by the representatives of New Spain in the spanish Cortes. He was sent to Mexico with plenipotenciary powers. He accepted the Plan de Iguala IOTL, so he should make the same or some similar ITTL. The more easy butterfly is keep him alive more time, so perhaps Flórez Estrada and cía can't dinamite the treaty in Madrid.

-I'm not so sure if "secret polices" were usual in the 1820's. But of course there are other means to kill someone as if it were an accident;). Accusing Iturbide of blasphemy and sexual deviance, you only need the correct mob in the correct place

-I'm wonderig what is doing and saying Servando Teresa de Mier in TTL.

Cheers
 
It's an intesresting TL, I love the subject and at some it's point feasible, but I'd like to make some sugestions.

-You are forgeting the second "assault" of the spanish liberal revolution. In 1820 general Riego reinstaured the Constitution of 1812. That should have repercussions in Mexico as it had in OTL. Under the Constituion everyone born in a spanish municipio (all in peninsular, asiatic and american territories) was citizen, with some reserves to those of "african ascent". Since IOTL the spanish liberal contitution inspired a lot the new mexican constitution (better said, there was several common thinkers behind both constitutions), I think that it could inspire also TTL new order, so the citizenship rules that you propose could change.

-That also means that between 1820 and 1823 (intervention of the Holy Alliance in Spain) the spanish sovereignty was in the Cortes, not in the king. The Cortes are who must accept or refuse any agreement with New Spain, not Ferdinand VII. It would be interesting in TTL what happens with that Holy Alliance intervention, maybe it's butterflied.

-Maybe Apodaca is not the better man to make agreements with the new-spainiards in that lines. I think that the better option is O'Donojú, who was also the man supported by the representatives of New Spain in the spanish Cortes. He was sent to Mexico with plenipotenciary powers. He accepted the Plan de Iguala IOTL, so he should make the same or some similar ITTL. The more easy butterfly is keep him alive more time, so perhaps Flórez Estrada and cía can't dinamite the treaty in Madrid.

-I'm not so sure if "secret polices" were usual in the 1820's. But of course there are other means to kill someone as if it were an accident;). Accusing Iturbide of blasphemy and sexual deviance, you only need the correct mob in the correct place

-I'm wonderig what is doing and saying Servando Teresa de Mier in TTL.

Cheers

Gracias my Hermano Iberico!
Once again, my knowledge is humbled by those who live in the subject's shadow. Thanks for the valuable info, I will be sure to tinker with the earlier parts of the timeline in order to account for these revelations.

Thanks again, both to Niko and to everyone else who is enjoying this timeline. Expect an update tomorrow :)
 
I'm curious if Britain would be able to merge Canada with New England. Wouldn't their population alone outweigh the Canadians significantly, not to mention the different culture?
Ya, New England was (somewhat) larger and richer than Canada at this time. Even if you include the Maritimes in 'Canada', which you shouldn't.
 
Given the commercial nature of Britain's empire--and the fact they recognized holding continental territories that hated them would be more trouble than it was worth--I suggest somewhat different terms for the American defeat by the British and New Spanish.

1. Reductions in the US Navy.

2. Reductions in US tariffs.

3. The right of British ships to use American ports.

4. Reparations to everyone who could conceivably be paid reparations to.

5. Territorial concessions in the Pacific Northwest, where the "holding down hostile populations" issue would be much less of an issue. This is where the big issue would be, not New Orleans.

The British holding New Orleans and Florida would be a nightmare--there'd be arms and people coming back and forth across the borders. I don't think the various uprisings would be so easily defeated.

Plus the only territory the British tried to grab in 1812--when the US was much weaker--was the creation of a Native American state in the Old Northwest, which (to my knowledge) were not even US states at the time. New Orleans and Florida would be MUCH more problematic.

In fact, given how important New Orleans was to the United States, if the British take the city, they can use it as a bargaining chip to get all of the points I listed and more. If you really want to (realistically) hammer the United States, have the British grab ALL of the Oregon Territory. The entirety. No Pacific port for the United States.

I also think relations with Britain would be an even thornier issue in TTL, with one party advocating peaceful relations with them (perhaps blaming reckless behavior for the US for the war with Britain) and another party advocating revenge.

The former party could be dominated by New Englanders interested in trade; the latter by Southerners interested in territorial expansion into New Spain.

And with the US chastened, I do not see a long-term alliance to "contain" the US like the September Pact or try to break it up. A mutual defense pact to prevent attacks on New Spain, sure, but your scenario is a bit more expansive.
 
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Given the commercial nature of Britain's empire--and the fact they recognized holding continental territories that hated them would be more trouble than it was worth--I suggest somewhat different terms for the American defeat by the British and New Spanish.

1. Reductions in the US Navy.

2. Reductions in US tariffs.

3. The right of British ships to use American ports.

4. Reparations to everyone who could conceivably be paid reparations to.

5. Territorial concessions in the Pacific Northwest, where the "holding down hostile populations" issue would be much less of an issue. This is where the big issue would be, not New Orleans.

The British holding New Orleans and Florida would be a nightmare--there'd be arms and people coming back and forth across the borders. I don't think the various uprisings would be so easily defeated.

Plus the only territory the British tried to grab in 1812--when the US was much weaker--was the creation of a Native American state in the Old Northwest, which (to my knowledge) were not even US states at the time. New Orleans and Florida would be MUCH more problematic.

In fact, given how important New Orleans was to the United States, if the British take the city, they can use it as a bargaining chip to get all of the points I listed and more. If you really want to (realistically) hammer the United States, have the British grab ALL of the Oregon Territory. The entirety. No Pacific port for the United States.

I also think relations with Britain would be an even thornier issue in TTL, with one party advocating peaceful relations with them (perhaps blaming reckless behavior for the US for the war with Britain) and another party advocating revenge.

The former party could be dominated by New Englanders interested in trade; the latter by Southerners interested in territorial expansion into New Spain.

And with the US chastened, I do not see a long-term alliance to "contain" the US like the September Pact or try to break it up. A mutual defense pact to prevent attacks on New Spain, sure, but your scenario is a bit more expansive.

Well Prankster, some of your point's I've already considered, others are VERY interesting, and you can expect to see your own influence very soon in the next stage of the timeline. And you hit the dualism in the (former US) perfectly, and allowed me to notice a major typo in my timeline before regarding the two NEW American states (Sovereign States vs. Free States). I seem to have switched the names in several places, including on the map :eek:.

Once I return home from work (shhh...;)) I'll be able to correct the errors and post an updated timeline for the period thus far.

In short, thank you sir, for making me notice a glaring and potential error in my earlier work. And please do try not to project too much farther in the future outside of PM's. You are too often correct ;)

Thanks again, and I will include an update with the fixed Timeline.
 
That Russian America is all out crazy :lol:. The huge Rocky Mountains prevent easy access to the northern woodlands - instead the area is naturally controlled from Hudson Bay, and is already firmly in the orbit of the HBC. You can't go round the top of Alaska in sailing ships!

As to why the British would be so dumb as to give the Russians a staging area directly above their North American possessions and access to Hudsons Bay and the Atlantic...
 
That Russian America is all out crazy :lol:. The huge Rocky Mountains prevent easy access to the northern woodlands - instead the area is naturally controlled from Hudson Bay, and is already firmly in the orbit of the HBC. You can't go round the top of Alaska in sailing ships!

As to why the British would be so dumb as to give the Russians a staging area directly above their North American possessions and access to Hudsons Bay and the Atlantic...

I waited to respond to this in order to illustrate my point more clearly. Keep in mind that the previous map was an incomplete blueprint, and that unless I commit to it as legitimate or it is addressed in the TL, it has not happened ;)

In the same vein, here is the completed map of the Viceroyalty of New Spain and its neigbors in 1853 (By the talented devil Highlander ;)).

Expect an update soon!

:cool:
 
UPDATE TIME

· September 7, 1853: The Volcanic Arms Company, based in the Free States of America, introduces lever-action repeating firearms into the international market. The weapons begin to be tested by major powers, particularly the British, Spanish, French, and Prussian Empires. The FSA finds itself increasingly wealthy due to the sale of these weapons.
· February 12, 1853: The world barely avoids disaster after FSA and New Spanish forces engage in an accidental skirmish on the former’s Pacific border. Crack diplomats successfully talk down the various powers.
· April 3, 1853: Napoleon III is declared Emperor of France.
· May 8, 1853-June 12, 1855: During a lull in international affairs, secret meetings are held by the Government of New Spain with the leaders of Britain, Prussia, Austria, Portugal and Russia over the issue of future succession to the throne of the still childless Isabella II. After months of discussion, the powers agree that a Hohenzollern, particularly Prince Leopold I, will take power after the death of Isabella. The Hapsburgs are disgusted by the decision, and withdraw from the September Pact in protest. The powers also discuss growing concern over Napoleon III in France, who is actively interfering with affairs in Italy and is acting in the guise of his uncle Napoleon Bonaparte. The Napoleonic Wars are still fresh in the mind of the powers, and the powers agree to create a failsafe against French aggression in the future.
· September 24, 1855-November 30, 1855: A meeting of the September Pact takes place in London, with Prussia sitting as a potential member. The parties agree that, with the overall lack of power in the former US, the Pact should rededicate itself to its original purpose: defending itself against French aggression. Prussia joins the pact as a full member, but receives little support from the other German states, who fear Prussia’s rising prominence.
· March 2, 1856-November 6, 1864: A series of conflicts known to posterity as the Incendiary Wars erupt in Europe, Asia, and America. In America, a large resurgence by Plains Indians erupts, forcing New Spain and the FSA to quell it. During the rebellion (which lasts throughout the Incendiary Wars), American and New Spanish forces both heavily employ the lever-action rifle/carbine. The weapon becomes the standard cavalry firearm in both states, and begins to be utilized by the other European powers as well. In Europe, the Italian Unification rages on. The Unionist forces under Victor Emmanuel (with extensive assistance from Austria and France) work desperately to unite the country with as little international disturbance as possible, but the redshirted Italian Legion (leaderless after the death of Garibaldi himself in Brazil in 1848) are controversial and brazen. The Legion soon clearly advertised motives of unifying the entire peninsula-at the expense of the Holy See-much to the chagrin of Emmanuel and his people. Ultimately, the Legion’s influence in Italy was inferior to that of the Sardino-Piedmontian King, who made a point of agreeing to a non-aggression pact with Pope Pius IX in 1861. By January of 1862, The Kingdom of Italy was founded, owning all of the peninsula save for the Papal States. Venice, however, was ceded to the Austrian Empire in retribution for their large role in the unification. The final series of troubles stemmed from Asia, and centered around the Imperial Conflict in Japan. In the Conflict, New Spanish forces worked with reformationist Japanese forces to depose the hostile and ineffective Tokugawa Shogunate in favor of direct rule by the Emperor of Japan. The Conflict raged from 1860 until 1864, and resulted in the founding of the Empire of Japan as a state allied to Spain.
· November 10, 1864-August 5, 1865: Prussia and Denmark clash in the Second Schleswig War. Prussian forces, equipped with breech-loading Dreyse Needle Guns, successfully rout the Danish forces. The conflict is settled in the Treaty of Santiago de Compostela, and Prussia gains dominion over Schleswig-Holstein. The more vital effect, however, is the wide adoption of the Needle Gun by the states of the September Pact, who were impressed by its blistering fire rate.
· August 18, 1865: The Fusil Automatique 1865 is invented by Belgian scientist Claude Sucaet. The weapon is a carriage-mounted, crank-operated, multi-barrel weapon firing 13mm center-fire cartridges. The gun is touted as a glaring improvement to the poorly-executed Mitrailleuse gun of the past decade, and is widely adopted in Europe as a support weapon.
 
That little strip of land that the FSA has in Oregon is kinda odd looking. And probably not well defended any possibility of it ending in the hands of New Spain or Canada?
 
That little strip of land that the FSA has in Oregon is kinda odd looking. And probably not well defended any possibility of it ending in the hands of New Spain or Canada?

Of course there is possibility if war breaks out. The land was more a concession to an honorable foe than a real advantage; a privelidge to Pacific trade as an incentive to keep the US (and now Former US) in line.

And we shall see just how defensible it is soon enough.
 
· August 20, 1865: The Free States of America pass the Decree and Law of Emancipation, by which slavery is officially abolished as illegal. The SSA, however, does not free its slaves.
· September 14, 1865-November 3, 1868: The primary event of the period consists of the aggressive expansion of the Japanese Empire. The Imperial Japanese Army, trained and armed by the September Pact, launches a massive invasion of Manchuria and Korea. This leads to a major conflict between Japan and Russia in early 1866 over the oft-contested Russo-Manchurian border. The Japanese receive the support of several disguised English and Spanish divisions, all of which are uniformed in the Japanese fashion. The Russians accuse the September Pact of deploying troops in the war, but the Pact denies any involvement. By the summer of 1867, Russia has been thoroughly routed by Japan and is forced to abandon the border region in the Treaty of Kyoto.
· November 30, 1868: A secret gathering of states is held in Saint Petersburg, Russia to discuss opposition to the September Pact. The meeting is chaired by Napoleon III of France, and is attended by Russia, Austria, many minor German States, Italy, the SSA, and the Netherlands. The group eventually agrees to a mutual defense agreement, and is dubbed the Silent Coalition.
· March 14, 1869: New Spain, encouraged by the excellent performance of its forces against Russia, deploys an expeditionary force to Persia in response to a trumped-up (or possibly forged) letter detailing Persian plans to attack Anglo-Spanish shipping in the Persian Gulf.
· March 15, 1869-May 6, 1869: In less than two months of combat, Persia surrenders to Spain and sues for peace. Spain then forges a small colony out of the southern coast of the country. The colony is dubbed Spanish Medea, and serves as a boon to Anglo-Spanish trade.
· July 10, 1869: Queen Isabella II of Spain dies of a heart attack in the Royal Palace in Madrid. Word rapidly spreads of her demise, and Prince Leopold Hohenzollern travels to Spain for his ascension to the throne.
· July 20, 1869: At a crowded ceremony for the ascension of the Prince to the Spanish throne, several Republican rebels attempt to shoot and kill Leopold in rapid succession. The civilian crowds are expelled from the square, and Prince Leopold Hohenzollern becomes King Carlos Fernando I of Spain.
· September 21, 1869: In the early hour of the morning, Republican rebels (largely financed and trained by the Silent Coalition) storm the Royal Palace in Madrid with the support of some military and political leaders. Some conflict ensues, but King Carlos Fernando escapes with loyalist leaders to Spanish Sahara, where loyalist troops are stationed.
· September 30, 1869: The states of the Silent Coalition recognize the authenticity of the newly formed Spanish Republic. The act of recognition is denounced by the September Pact, which threatens war if the Coalition continues to support the rebels. The Coalition remains defiant.
· October 5, 1869: French troops invade Spain in support of the Spanish Republic, and Austria (and her German allies) invade Prussia. Britain declares war on Austria and France, as do Portugal and New Spain. Russia invades the Japanese Empire over the Manchurian border, and Prussia from Poland, declaring war upon the entirety of the September Pact in the process. The SSA officially annexes Gran Floridia and invades that country, while Floridian rebels (supported by New Spain) resist them. New Spain declares war on the SSA for the invasion. The Kingdom of Italy and Free States of America remain neutral, and do not declare war on any of the combatants.
 
And Here is the Entire Timeline So Far...

Espadas y Mariposas

· December 6, 1820: Agustín de Iturbide, formerly a Colonel in the New Spanish Army, is promoted to the rank ofCapitán General del Ejército (Supreme Commander of the Army) in recognition of his outstanding military service against insurgents in Mexico.
· December 12, 1820: Don Agustín, a Criollo, declares to the populace that all insurgents who lay down their arms and join the New Spanish cause will be pardoned for their actions against the crown. This causes a change in heart for many Criollos, who see the appointment of Iturbide as a harbinger for their future involvement in government.
· December 16, 1820: Don Agustín intercepts the rebel forces of Vicente Guerrero, and in a display of military elegance, routs the force into the Mexican desert.
· December 30, 1820: With the loyalties of Criollos gravitating towards the Viceroyal government, the rebellion begins to rapidly radicalize, drawing recruits primarily from Mechica populations. The rebels begin to terrorize Criollo and Peninsulare populations throughout Mexico, as well as those Mestizos and Amerindians who support the New Spanish.
· February 5, 1821: As rebel forces continue to kill white soldiers and civilians alike, moderates in the rebel camp begin to doubt their leaders. Weathered and war-weary, the moderates approach Capitán Iturbide and Viceroy
Juan O'Donojú
for peace talks.
· February 30, 1821: The peace talks between New Spain and the moderates, overseen by the Spanish King Ferdinand VII (acting as the representative of the Cortes in Madrid), results in a large power shift in the region, as the moderates and loyalists are united under Iturbide’s “Writ of Three Guaruntees”. The three guarantees promised to the united New Spanish cause are announced as follows:
o The Catholic Church, and tradition in the Country, will remain central to the state of New Spain.
o The newly created government position of Presidente del Gobierno will be decided by popular election, and will hold power of veto over the Viceroy, although no official may contradict the will of the monarch of Spain.
o New Spain will act independently of Spain, unless that independence contradicts the policies of Spain herself.
· May 3, 1821: The conflict in New Spain continues as rebel forces under Mestizo leader Guadalupe Victoria unite with those of Guerrero against New Spain.
· August 10, 1821: After over ten years of conflict, the Mexican Rebels meet with New Spanish leaders in order to discuss a resolution to the issue. The talks are again led by King Ferdinand.
· August 15, 1821: King Ferdinand and Viceroy
O'Donojú
, both desperate to reestablish the vital trade between America and Iberia, settle with the Mexican rebels to the Treaty of Córdoba, in which the King introduced the process of advancement:
o Any Amerindian or Mestizo may become a full citizen of New Spain after serving 20 years or until death in government service. Once ‘citizenship’ is gained, a person and their descendants may vote in the elections for Presidente.
o The New Class structure is as follows:
§ La Nobleza: Peninsulares and Criollos, must serve in the government for ten years in order to claim their position. Can be appointed (or elected in the absence of a King in Spain) Viceroy. Can vote to elect the Viceroy in the absence of a King in Spain.
§ Los Ciudadanos: Anyone of lower birth who has served 20 years of government service. (If their parent served 20 years, they need only serve 10). Vote for the Presidente.
· August 18, 1821: Several rebel leaders reveal that Iturbide had contacted them in the past (before his reinstatement and promotion in late 1820), and present evidence to the Viceroy that Iturbide committed several crimes against the people of New Spain. This, combined with his sway over the military, combine to convince Ruiz that Iturbide is a threat to his rule.
· August 30, 1821: The New Spanish Secret Police abduct Iturbide from his home in Vera Cruz and execute him for trumped up charges of blasphemy. The news of his fabricated sexual deviancy and heresy are released to the news outlets of New Spain, and support for the late General dissipates.
· October 5, 1821: The first election for Presidente is held. Antonio López de Santa Anna, a hero of the war against the Mexican rebels, is elected Presidente and appointed Supreme Commander by Viceroy Ruiz.
· January 16, 1822: After less than a year in office, Santa Anna conspires with a rebel faction to overthrow the royalist government. The people of New Spain, tired of war and secure in the rights given to them by the government of the Viceroy, do not support him.
· January 26, 1822: After ten days of conflict, the abortive coup attempt ends in a total failure for Santa Anna.
· January 30, 1822: Santa Anna is executed after being judged guilty by the Judicial Cortes. King Ferdinand, along with the Cortes in Mexico City and Madrid, declare that the office of Presidente will no longer be available to officers in the military.
· March 1, 1822: The United States and New Spain begin negotiations to join in a trade agreement, and New Spain sells the US Florida as a sign of good faith.
· March 2, 1822-June 10, 1840: After 38 years of development under two more Viceroys and four more Presidentes, New Spain has been largely reformed under Iturbide’s three guarantee system, and is a stable and prospering country. It’s wealth has rejuvenated Spain via trade, and the European state begins to reassert itself on the regional stage under Queen Isabella II. Spain, however, faces a seething movement to liberalize the empire.
· June 11, 1840: The United States, after years of peace with New Spain, is forced into conflict after a minor border incident results in a large skirmish between New Spanish and American troops. The US raids and pirates those ships attempting to trade with New Spain, including many British Ships. When Britain orders the US to cease their privateering, the US refuses, citing impressment during the Napoleonic Wars. Britain begins to see issue in the growing strength of the US.
· June 12, 1840-August 3, 1840: The US and New Spain enter into an intense series of diplomatic sessions, with neither side willing to consolidate with the other. New Spain seeks a diplomatic resolution, but the US is intent on expansion and regional hegemony. Tension increases dramatically as both factions rapidly develop their militaries
·August 8, 1840: Costa Rica, a state of New Spain, and Nueva Grenada successfully revolt and unite as the State of Gran Colombia. New Spain refuses to send military force to the south, concerned over its border to the north. The Jinetes Reales, a paramilitary secret police unit, are sent instead to ensure the integrity of New Spain's southern provinces.

· September 8, 1840: The United States, pressured by a growing population and a need for natural resources, makes the first move against Spain during the (relatively) cool month of September. At first, the US makes rapid gains, but find themselves bogged down in California and Texas by both the New Spanish Cavalry and Native tribes. The US forces, largely composed of infantry, find movement and occupation difficult.
· September 15, 1840: New Spain reaches out to Great Britain and peninsular Spain for assistance against the United States, which is able to field more soldiers. Great Britain, Spain, and New Spain form the Pact of September and the two European states deploy expeditionary forces and cease trade.
· October 16, 1840: As New Spain’s European allies begin to arrive on the US east coasts of carolina and Florida, the September Pact’s Naval forces (based at Havana and Vera Cruz) forge a blockade of US trade.
· November 2, 1840: British and Spanish forces begin to make minor inroads in Florida and Louisiana, but their greatest contribution is their involvement in the diversion of American troops from the Mexican front.
· November 20, 1840: British and Spanish troops manage to seize New Orleans after a lengthy siege. US forces are forced to attempt to retake the Mississippi River from the invaders.
· December 3, 1840: New Spain launches a major offensive composed primarily of cavalry and artillery forces. The so-called Battle of the Desert begins.
· December 4, 1840-January 12, 1841: The Battle of the Desert rages on continually, and ends with the US forces being repulsed back across the Rio Grande at a great cost to Spanish manpower. Anglo-Spanish forces continue their assault through Carolina, and besiege Richmond successfully. The United States, sensing the growing momentum against their cause, surrender to the Pact of September.
· January 31, 1841: The ‘September War’ as it is known (also later known as the First Spanish-American War) ends with the signing of the Treaty of Madrid. The major concessions are as follows:
o The US cedes Florida and part of Louisiana to Great Britain to be governed as the Province of New Orleans.
o The US is to pay large reparations to Spain and New Spain.
o The US is to no longer expand its contiguous border.
· March 16, 1841: New Spain, having found its infantry forces to be sub-par, expands its line infantry and skirmishing forces. Unfortunately for the Spanish Commonwealth and Empire, several independence movements in South America had erupted during the September War, and come to fruition at this time. The Republics of Colombia, Argentina, Chile, and Gran Peru successfully triumph against the royalists.
· June 5, 1842: A small revolt arises in Philippines, and New Spain sends an expeditionary force to silence it.
· June 6, 1842-September 12, 1846: New Spanish envoys manage to incite a Catholic uprising against the Tokugawa Shogunate under the leadership of Omura Yukinaga. The Catholic Daimyo soon receives military support from the New Spanish Phillippines, and a reluctant and ashamed Shogun agrees to allow the formation of the new Protectorate under the administration of Omura as Viceroy. The Dominion of Nagasaki is steadily fortified over the years.
· September 30, 1846-January 8, 1847: Spanish forces stationed in Nagasaki begin to establish trading outposts in China and Indochina of increased size and importance. The wealth entering the Spanish Empire swells as their presence increases.

· January 26,1847: Don Carlos Ruiz de Castille, a minor New Spanish governor in Texas, is murdered by a group of Texans pressing for more independence. The Jinetes Reales are dispatched to the area, and rapidly kill the collaborators.
· March 4, 1847-May 27, 1847: The Jinetes Reales determine that the rebels hail primarily from the United States. Those who have recently immigrated to New Spain from the US are encouraged to emigrate to California and Sonora, and are effectively dispersed throughout the country. A new election is successfully held in Texas and a new governor rises to the occasion.
· June 12, 1847: Spain, emboldened by their recent military successes in America, pursues an invasion and colonization of Morocco, much to the chagrin of France. The invasion begins with the battle of Ceuta, in which Moroccan troops were routed utterly.
· June 13, 1847-January 4, 1848: The Spanish colonization of Morocco and the western Saharan coast is successful, and the Captaincy General of Sahara is established.
· January 5, 1848-February 4, 1848: Many native tribes (primarily the Comanche) begin to increase military pressure against the New Spanish border regions. New Spain, in order to protect their hard-won border with the US, commits several military units to Texas, New Mexico, and California.
· April 16, 1848: Britain faces a rebellion of former US citizens in Louisiana and Florida, and rapidly deploys several troops to the region to put it down.
· August 12, 1848-January 2, 1849: The Tokugawa Shogunate, having attempted to modernize with Dutch assistance, attempts to drive New Spain out of Nagasaki. The attempt, however, fails to drive Capitan General Omura out of the city. He soon finds New Spanish military forces arriving from the Philippines. Within several months, the Shogun is besieged at his capitol of Edo, and surrenders on behalf of the Emperor.
· January 3, 1849: The Japanese Empire, under the mandate of Shogun Tokugawa, allows the Captaincy General of Nagasaki to control the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku.
· February 10, 1849-October 5, 1849: The Captaincy General of Nagasaki begins to establish a formal colonial presence in China, in order to better maintain their trade holdings there.

· November 10, 1849-November 25, 1849: British forces face down the ‘First Rebellion of Flowers’ in Louisiana and Florida. The rebels are put down brutally, but the British face more casualties than they expected. There is serious debate in Parliament over the destiny of the Dominion of New Orleans.
· November 30, 1849: After crushing a second revolt by former-US Citizens in Texas, the New Spanish government ceases to allow immigration from the US.
· December 25, 1849: A Mestizo farmer in California stumbles upon a shiny rock while searching for escaped livestock. He soon discovers that the area is rich in gold, and event to be known in the future as the ‘Christmas Find’ and ‘California Scramble’. Thousands of Prospectors from throughout New Spain and the Iberian peninsula rush to claim the precious metals. The Prospectors of New Spanish descent come primarily from New Spain’s oriental territories and members of the Mexican lower class.
· December 26, 1849-April 13, 1851: Using the vast sums of wealth excavated from the hills of California, the Government of New Spain focuses on modernizing its infrastructure. Railroads, steamships, and state-of-the-art military and industrial technology floods to the region, and factories become much more common. In response to this, many people of lower class rise to middle-class status by virtue of wealth. Large finds are uncommon, with many people unearthing only moderate amounts of Gold. Of particular benefit to the aftermath of the Scramble are the people of Puerto Rico and Cuba, who find a sharp increase in quality of life. The United States tries desperately to advance its technological level, but is plagued by deep social divisions. After US President Lewis Cass launches a desperate and disastrous attempt to seize land in Western Africa- known bitterly as ‘Cass’s Asshole’ by modern Americans, he is impeached by a flabbergasted Congress. The US scrambles as it sees its opportunities for power slipping from them rapidly, and hold an emergency election for President. The election is found later to be fraudulent, and the state devolves into chaos and rebellion. In late 1850, a young, charismatic, and obscure politician rises from the maelstrom. A veteran of the War with New Spain and a devout, hard-working Christian, Samson makes many speeches in cities across the US, and wins the second emergency by a landslide. Samson makes a point to unite the nation behind his view of the US as the ‘Sleeping Giant’ or ‘Victorious Underdog’. Britain and Spain are demonized in American writings of the time.
· May 5, 1851: The Second Rebellion of Flowers begins in Louisiana and Florida.
· May 14, 1851: Spurred on by the massive profit attained by the fabrication industry in New Spain, Spain founds a Royal Academy for Art and Fabrication, pouring money into industrializing their obsolete domestic economy.
· May 18, 1851: The Second Rebellion of Flowers is vanquished.
· July 4, 1851: After quelling yet another rebellion in New Orleans, Parliament finally grants the Dominion independence that they desire, with the understanding that the newly-formed republic will never rejoin the United States.
· July 5, 1851: A new Spanish Merchant ship is sunk off the coast of Japan by an unknown cause. Anglo-Spanish media blame the US. Tensions between the Pact of September and USA increase, but the US is not confrontational.
· August 30, 1851: Hapsburg Austria, noticing the rise in power and affluence of their enemies in Prussia, reaches out to Catholic Spain for an alliance. Spain agrees, and Austria becomes part of the Pact of September.
· September 2, 1851: Trade opens between the newly-independent Dominion of New Orleans and the United States, the US benefits greatly from the Mississippi Trade.
· September 11, 1851: Spain’s attempts to industrialize finally begin to yield results, and the Colony of Sahara is greatly improved by the addition of railroads and improved infrastructure. The Spanish use this strengthened foothold to expand further south.
· October 8, 1851: As the US finally begins to industrialize its military and commercial sectors, an unexpected civil war breaks out between Conservatives (in favor of the recapture of Florida and New Orleans through force) and everyone else (who understands the US currently lacks the military capacity to win a war with the September Pact). The combat is hectic and geographically sporadic.
· December 14, 1851: After over two months of bloody combat, the Loyalist US forces finally begin to achieve a slight advantage over the highly militant Conservatives. It is on this day that the President is approached by British envoys. The envoys threaten to covertly intervene on behalf of the Rebels unless the United States submits to their demands. The US grudgingly begins discussion with Britain.
· December 24, 1851: After ten days of deliberation, it is agreed that after the US successfully wins its Civil War, Britain will be sold much of the North Western US as well as most of Maine for a large sum. Britain and New Spain also supplies the Loyalists with some equipment and support for the remainder of the war.
· December 30, 1851: The Loyalists win the decisive Battle of Fayetteville during which the Conservative leader, Senator Jefferson Johnston, is killed. The leaderless rebels soon surrender without condition, and reparation begins.
· January 1, 1852: The New Year’s Treaty is signed, ceding the prearranged US territory to Britain in exchange for two million Pounds Sterling, and all US citizens are deported across the border. The US population is shocked and outraged by the event, and those who support the Government’s decision are known derisively as ‘Doves’.
· January 12, 1852: Britain sells a large tract of (largely useless) northern land in northern Canada for 5 million Ruples. The Tsar combines the new area with Alaska, and begins to encourage immigration to the new region with monetary incentives.
· February 5, 1852: After a minor border conflict, New Spain and Britain declare war on the Republic of Colombia.
· February 6, 1852-April 3, 1852: After a small and one-sided conflict, Colombia loses her war with the September Pact miserably. Britain seizes Panama as a prize and begins work on a daring engineering plan to create a canal across the territory to link the Atlantic and Pacific. The project will continue off and on for over half a decade before completion.
· April 10, 1852: Unbeknownst to the world, a revolutionary republican group begins to form in Spain with a headquarters in Bilbao. Dubbed the ‘Abrilistas’ (in contrast to loyalist ‘Septiembristas’) they begin to work towards inciting a revolution against the monarchy.
· June 23, 1852: After a long period of peace and inactivity, New Spain feels comfortable enough in America to expand upon its activities in the orient. It launches a large invasion force from bases in the Phillipines and Taiwan (Formosa) towards Hainan.
· July 10, 1852: Haikou is taken, and Hainan Island officially surrenders to New Spain. Haikou is renamed San Ignacio, and becomes the base of operations for the invasion.
· August 5, 1852: New Spanish troops from San Ignacio arrive in Indochina on the Cochinchinese east coast.
· August 30, 1852: New Spanish envoys, in the form of the Captains-General Omura and Eguía of Nagasaki and the Philippines, respectively, meet with Emperor Tu Duc of Viet Nam. The Emperor is convinced into becoming the Captain-General of Saigon, and ruling in the name of the Spanish King rather than being overthrown.
· September 2, 1852: The Captaincy-General of Saigon, known worldwide as the Spanish Orient, is officially declared with Emperor Tu Duc as Captain-General.
· September 17, 1852: New Spanish forces under the command of Emperor Tu Duc invade the neighboring state of Laos.
· September 18, 1852-February 3, 1853: New Spanish forces successfully conquer Laos, and the territory is added to the Spanish Orient.
· February 24, 1853: New Spanish forces invade Cambodia from Laos and Viet Nam.
· March 4, 1853: Franklin Pierce becomes President of the United States on a platform of reunification with Florida and Louisiana, now known as ‘Gran Floridia’. This further galvanizes the US Conservative movement, led by Representative John C. Breckinridge, which wishes to re-take Gran Floridia.
· August 13, 1853: Anglo-Spanish diplomats arrive with Pierce in Washington to inform him that any act to annex the former US territory of Gran Floridia will lead to war. Pierce passes this on Congress.
· August 14, 1853-July 2, 1853: The US Congress debates furiously over whether to annex Gran Floridia. Many votes are held, and are always tied or against annexation. Pierce himself soon decides to not support the war declaration, and the bill dies in Congress. On July 2, Vice President William King dies of Tuberculosis.
· July 3, 1853: President Pierce is assassinated whilst giving a speech in Washington DC. His assassin is soon caught, and is found to have been hired by a major Dove organization. A riot ensues, and a massive crowd storms Washington. Many Doves in Congress flee north to where the Pro-Unification movement is less powerful.
· July 4, 1853: The peace movement, having the support of most of the US government and the general northern population, takes power in most of the country. The government begins to actively rout the conservative riots occurring throughout the South.
· July 16, 1853: Many southern states, led by South Carolina, fear the new government in Washington (and the potential infringing upon of state governments) and secede from the union.
· July 28, 1853: The Secessionist states, composing of the US parts of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina, form a formal Confederation, and create a capitol at Charleston, South Carolina. Representative Breckinridge is declared President of the provisional government after a unanimous vote of the provisional congress.
· July 30, 1853: SSA troops amass on the North Carolina border, but the September Pact threatens to declare war if the FSA is invaded. The SSA retreats for the time being, and works instead on preparing its people and military for a war against the British and Spanish.
· September 7, 1853: The Volcanic Arms Company, based in the Free States of America, introduces lever-action repeating firearms into the international market. The weapons begin to be tested by major powers, particularly the British, Spanish, French, and Prussian Empires. The FSA finds itself increasingly wealthy due to the sale of these weapons.
· February 12, 1853: The world barely avoids disaster after FSA and New Spanish forces engage in an accidental skirmish on the former’s Pacific border. Crack diplomats successfully talk down the various powers.
· April 3, 1853: Napoleon III is declared Emperor of France.
· May 8, 1853-June 12, 1855: During a lull in international affairs, secret meetings are held by the Government of New Spain with the leaders of Britain, Prussia, Austria, Portugal and Russia over the issue of future succession to the throne of the still childless Isabella II. After months of discussion, the powers agree that a Hohenzollern, particularly Prince Leopold I, will take power after the death of Isabella. The Hapsburgs are disgusted by the decision, and withdraw from the September Pact in protest. The powers also discuss growing concern over Napoleon III in France, who is actively interfering with affairs in Italy and is acting in the guise of his uncle Napoleon Bonaparte. The Napoleonic Wars are still fresh in the mind of the powers, and the powers agree to create a failsafe against French aggression in the future.
· September 24, 1855-November 30, 1855: A meeting of the September Pact takes place in London, with Prussia sitting as a potential member. The parties agree that, with the overall lack of power in the former US, the Pact should rededicate itself to its original purpose: defending itself against French aggression. Prussia joins the pact as a full member, but receives little support from the other German states, who fear Prussia’s rising prominence.
· March 2, 1856-November 6, 1864: A series of conflicts known to posterity as the Incendiary Wars erupt in Europe, Asia, and America. In America, a large resurgence by Plains Indians erupts, forcing New Spain and the FSA to quell it. During the rebellion (which lasts throughout the Incendiary Wars), American and New Spanish forces both heavily employ the lever-action rifle/carbine. The weapon becomes the standard cavalry firearm in both states, and begins to be utilized by the other European powers as well. In Europe, the Italian Unification rages on. The Unionist forces under Victor Emmanuel (with extensive assistance from Austria and France) work desperately to unite the country with as little international disturbance as possible, but the redshirted Italian Legion (leaderless after the death of Garibaldi himself in Brazil in 1848) are controversial and brazen. The Legion soon clearly advertised motives of unifying the entire peninsula-at the expense of the Holy See-much to the chagrin of Emmanuel and his people. Ultimately, the Legion’s influence in Italy was inferior to that of the Sardino-Piedmontian King, who made a point of agreeing to a non-aggression pact with Pope Pius IX in 1861. By January of 1862, The Kingdom of Italy was founded, owning all of the peninsula save for the Papal States. Venice, however, was ceded to the Austrian Empire in retribution for their large role in the unification. The final series of troubles stemmed from Asia, and centered around the Imperial Conflict in Japan. In the Conflict, New Spanish forces worked with reformationist Japanese forces to depose the hostile and ineffective Tokugawa Shogunate in favor of direct rule by the Emperor of Japan. The Conflict rages from 1860 until 1864, and resulted in the founding of the Empire of Japan as a state allied to Spain.
· November 10, 1864-August 5, 1865: Prussia and Denmark clash in the Second Schleswig War. Prussian forces, equipped with breech-loading Dreyse Needle Guns, successfully rout the Danish forces. The conflict is settled in the Treaty of Santiago de Compostela, and Prussia gains dominion over Schleswig-Holstein. The more vital effect, however, is the wide adoption of the Needle Gun by the states of the September Pact, who were impressed by its blistering fire rate.
· August 18, 1865: The Fusil Automatique 1865 is invented by Belgian scientist Claude Sucaet. The weapon is a carriage-mounted, crank-operated, multi-barrel, weapon firing 13mm center-fire cartridges. The gun is touted as a glaring improvement to the poorly-executed Mitrailleuse gun of the past decade, and is widely adopted in Europe as a support weapon.
· August 20, 1865: The Free States of America pass the Decree and Law of Emancipation, by which slavery is officially abolished as illegal. The SSA, however, does not free its slaves.
· September 14, 1865-November 3, 1868: The primary event of the period consists of the aggressive expansion of the Japanese Empire. The Imperial Japanese Army, trained and armed by the September Pact, launches a massive invasion of Manchuria and Korea. This leads to a major conflict between Japan and Russia in early 1866 over the oft-contested Russo-Manchurian border. The Japanese receive the support of several disguised English and Spanish divisions, all of which are uniformed in the Japanese fashion. The Russians accuse the September Pact of deploying troops in the war, but the Pact denies any involvement. By the summer of 1867, Russia has been thoroughly routed by Japan and is forced to abandon the border region in the Treaty of Kyoto.
· November 30, 1868: A secret gathering of states is held in Saint Petersburg, Russia to discuss opposition to the September Pact. The meeting is chaired by Napoleon III of France, and is attended by Russia, Austria, many minor German States, Italy, the SSA, and the Netherlands. The group eventually agrees to a mutual defense agreement, and is dubbed the Silent Coalition.
· March 14, 1869: New Spain, encouraged by the excellent performance of its forces against Russia, deploys an expeditionary force to Persia in response to a trumped-up (or possibly forged) letter detailing Persian plans to attack Anglo-Spanish shipping in the Persian Gulf.
· March 15, 1869-May 6, 1869: In less than two months of combat, Persia surrenders to Spain and sues for peace. Spain then forges a small colony out of the southern coast of the country. The colony is dubbed Spanish Medea, and serves as a boon to Anglo-Spanish trade.
· July 10, 1869: Queen Isabella II of Spain dies of a heart attack in the Royal Palace in Madrid. Word rapidly spreads of her demise, and Prince Leopold Hohenzollern travels to Spain for his ascension to the throne.
· July 20, 1869: At a crowded ceremony for the ascension of the Prince to the Spanish throne, several Republican rebels attempt to shoot and kill Leopold in rapid succession. The civilian crowds are expelled from the square, and Prince Leopold Hohenzollern becomes King Carlos Fernando I of Spain.
· September 21, 1869: In the early hour of the morning, Republican rebels (largely financed and trained by the Silent Coalition) storm the Royal Palace in Madrid with the support of some military and political leaders. Some conflict ensues, but King Carlos Fernando escapes with loyalist leaders to Spanish Sahara, where loyalist troops are stationed.
· September 30, 1869: The states of the Silent Coalition recognize the authenticity of the newly formed Spanish Republic. The act of recognition is denounced by the September Pact, which threatens war if the Coalition continues to support the rebels. The Coalition remains defiant.
· October 5, 1869: French troops invade Spain in support of the Spanish Republic, and Austria (and her German allies) invade Prussia. Britain declares war on Austria and France, as do Portugal and New Spain. Russia invades the Japanese Empire over the Manchurian border, and Prussia from Poland, declaring war upon the entirety of the September Pact in the process. The SSA officially annexes Gran Floridia and invades that country, while Floridian rebels (supported by New Spain) resist them. New Spain declares war on the SSA for the invasion. The Kingdom of Italy and Free States of America remain neutral for the time.
 
At Long Last...an Update!

Helloy everyone! I've been incredibly delayed lately with RL issues, and as such, have been sparse here. Thankfully, I've managed to create an update for E&M. I warn you now, the walls of text are a tad steep this time.

Without further ado, this timeline's World War 1/ American Civil War equivalent: The First Great War!


· October 6, 1869-March 13, 1871 (First Phase of the First Great War): As the war begins in earnest, New Spain finds itself occupied primarily with the war against the Sovereign States of America. The Sovereign States prove to be a difficult foe to defeat whilst in a defensive position, winning the Battles of Tennessee, Wilderness Springs, and Saint Augustine during the initial months of the war. The tide in North America turns, however, with the battle of New Orleans on April 5, 1871, where a large SSA Army is routed by a combined force of Floridians and New Spanish. General James Winthrop, the most brilliant SSA leader, is captured during the battle and surrenders his army to Gran Floridia. This effectively ends the war in North America, as Floridian and FSA forces occupy the SSA. Meanwhile, Europe and Africa are completely engulfed by the war’s initial battles. The forces of the September Pact face extreme difficulty in the beginning, with Britain, Prussia, and Portugal left alone to contend with their opponents.

Africa, however, is much less lopsided, with highly established September Pact Colonies (and the Omani Empire, a British Protectorate) engaging more expansive but less well prepared opposition from the Silent Coalition.

In Europe,the British try twice to establish a beachhead in France, but the position is to highly defended. After failing to land there, the British instead deploy in support of their Prussian allies, who have resorted to trenches in order to repel the massive Franco-Austrian force moving against them. After being routed during the first, second, and third Battles of the Trench, Anglo-Prussian forces successfully manage to fortify an extended front, and the Coalition finds itself unable to penetrate further into Prussian territory. By 1871, the Coalition has built counter trenches, and the Eastern Front of Europe devolves into back and forth exchanges of infantry and artillery. In the Western Front of Iberia, however, trench warfare is mostly unutilized. Rather, the Iberian war consists of massed, Napoleonic battles occasionally interrupted by bouts of irregular and guerilla warfare. The Coalition faces a strong monarchist insurgency in Spain supplied by the British, Portuguese, and Spanish Colonies in Africa. By 1871, there is little change in borders or line positions, but over 50,000 combined military and civilian casualties have resulted from the conflict in Iberia alone.

In Africa, the French lose swathes of West Africa to the Spanish, and the British overrun several Austrian-aligned German colonies in Southwest Africa. Concurrently, the war is pitched in Asia, with two major fronts (one in Manchuria, primarily between Russia and her Chinese allies and the Empire of Japan, which proves surprisingly adept at modern warfare. The Russians lose several pitched battles at Khabarovsk, Harbin, and the Manchurian Plains. This results in a rapid seizure of Outer Manchuria by the Japanese. The Imperial Japanese Army, however, also conquers nonaligned territories from the south of the Empire of China. This is considered an outrage by the Coalition, but downplayed by the rest of the world powers. In the second major front, the Dutch East Indies are invaded by the New Spanish and British. The Dutch, being members of the Coalition, battle courageously against the September Pact, but are too isolated from allies to successfully repel the invaders. This culminates in the Battle of Batavia, a final defeat which prompts the Dutch to sue for peace. By 1871, the Asian front is secured in all areas except Manchuria, which continues to be the site of large Russo-Japanese conflicts.

· March 14, 1871-December 23, 1872 (The Second Phase of the First Great War): As the conflicts in Asia and Africa continue in much the same way as in the First Phase. The marked difference in Europe lies in the expulsion of the September Pact from Iberia and the Fall of Lisbon in May of 1871, and the bloody guerrilla insurgency which follows Portugal’s annexation by the Republic of Spain. The most heated contest during the second phase lies in the waters of the Atlantic. In hundreds of battles and skirmishes the September Pact and Silent Coalition clash constantly with little result. The primary naval combatants are the Loyalist Spanish/New Spanish and British opposed by the French, Dutch, Republican Spanish, and (to a minor degree) Austria. The September Pact pushes heavily to establish naval supremacy in the Atlantic, as it desperately wishes to transport troops from America to Europe. The September Pact also faces major setbacks in Africa despite its promising performance during the initial campaigns. In America, Russia and Britain collide in Canada in a small and oft-ignored front of the war. On December 24 of 1872, the two alliances agree to the Treaty of Bruges, by which the conflict will cease until the end of the Christmas holiday.

· December 24, 1872-December 25, 1872: Hostilities cease between the Silent Coalition and the December Pact, and Christmas is celebrated in many Western states. Japan, however, does not cease in its conquest of China, and continues to expand its influence along the coast.

· December 26, 1872-September 13, 1874 (The Final Phase of the First Great War): The naval conflict between the September Pact and Silent Coalition rages on, with continually more aggressive and damaging battles occurring as time goes on. In April of 1873, the Battle of the South Atlantic occurs, resulting in a devastating victory for the Anglo-Spanish Fleet over the majority of the French Navy. The resulting vacuum in the Atlantic is filled by a massive New Spanish expeditionary force consisting of just over 200,000 men. The fleet arrives on the west coast of Iberia on the 12th of October, 1873. The Anglo-New Spanish forces establish a beachhead during the seven-day Battle of Leiria, after losing nearly ten thousand men. The September Pact finds much support from the Hispano-Portuguese population, and soon is able to liberate Portugal from the Coalition. After a costly naval campaign in the straits of Gibraltar in December of 1873, the Pact successfully deploys an expeditionary force of 35,000 men from Spanish Africa to the Iberian mainland. The British soon are able to reinforce the Pact’s position in Iberia with over 100,000 men, and within six months, Spain has fallen to the September Pact. In what will be regarded by later scholars as a dramatic failure in strategy, the Republic of France will redeploy its troops from Germany to western France, entrusting the front to Austria and her Allies. Austria proves able to hold the line against Britain and Prussia for only a few months, and her army is routed handily by the Pact at the Battle of South Prussia. Anglo Prussian forces pour into Austrian territory, and many German states change their allegiance to Prussia. The war seems to be dramatically going in favor of the Pact when nearly half of the Russian Army pours into Europe, desperate to redeem itself after its failures in Asia. Despite winning the Battles of Koningsberg and the East Baltic, the Russians are repulsed after failing in the disastrous Siege of Brandenberg. In the wake of this, the exhausted and depressed Tzar Alexader II commits suicide on the 5th of March, 1874 (although many believe that he was assassinated). His successor Alexander III readily makes peace with the September Pact. The Austrian Empire responds to this betrayal by also suing for peace, having lost a staggering 600,000 overall casualties in the war. This leaves France and Republican Spain without further allies, and the war officially ends with the Sieges of Paris and Madrid in September of 1874.

· September 25, 1874: The Grand Armistice is signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (FSA) between the September Pact and Silent Coalition. In the Armistice, King Carlos Fernando is granted the throne of Spain, and reestablishes the monarchy there. Russia is not forced to cede any land in Europe due to their surrender during the war, but is forced to acknowledge Japanese gains in Asia. The Dutch East Indies are divided between New Spain and Britain, the two powers gaining dominion of the west and east respectively. France is allowed to retain its sovereignty, but is forced to cede its colonial possessions in Africa to Spain and Britain. The German states are united under Prussia in the aptly named Prussian Empire, with those states who betrayed Austria or supported Prussia having a semi-autonomous status. Austria is bisected into the Austrian Empire in the west and Hungarian Empire in the east. All of the members of the Silent Coalition are forced to pay war debts to the September Pact, but much care is taken to ensure the stability of the defeated regimes. The total civilian and military casualties for the war amount to between 2,500,000 and 4,000,000 deaths, with over 2,000,000 more wounded and missing.
 
I will still be extremely constrained by RL issues for a few months longer, but do expect the occassional update to arrive in my timelines. Thank you all for your support and understanding, I hope to return to a more regular schedule soon.
 
Story to Come

Hey guys, I'm just letting you know that I'll be returning to AH.com in a part-time capacity with my Seminary schedule in mind. Expect to see more from me in time. God bless you all.
~Ash
 
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