In 1698 a one Daniel Coxe gained a patent for the Mississippi Valley to settle a colony there, a 'Province of Carolana'. He set a group of colonists over to the mouth of the Mississippi under one William Banks/Bond but this captain was turned back by Louisiana's founder, Iberville, who successfully bluffed that a large French fleet was already in the area. The point where this happened and Banks/Bond turned back is known as English Turn and a part of New Orleans today.
What if Coxe and Banks/Bond called Iberville's bluff and settled anyways? Not even Biloxi has yet to be settled, nor Port Bayou St. Jean in the New Orleans to-be limits, and so the Europeans in the area would be overwhelmingly English. France's claim to the area would be contended but have to eventually be dropped. And Florida would probably be captured sooner in one of the colonial wars due to being hemmed in by Carolana, the Bahamas, South Carolina and Georgia.
I wonder how such a settlement would even take the Revolution, if it got that far. It need not be said even during the mere twenty years of British rule Mobile, Natchez and the Mississippi Valley had a large number of Anglo-American settlers come in without any previous English presence in the area; and having an even longer amount of time than the rebelling Georgia for Carolana to develop its own identity (about an extra thirty-five years) makes me ponder on its response...
I propose also due to the vast amount of colonial American cities sharing the name of the town with home county, that the primary city/town in the colony that would probably be on the site of OTL New Orleans would be known as 'Pembroke'. A map:
http://i213.photobucket.com/albums/cc245/umbricman/Carolana.gif