Chapter 35 Magna Bello Civili 2068 AUC / 1315 AD - 2118 AUC / 1365 AD
  • 8d444c960e18378a343f8bb8794fd625.jpg
    After an anti-Marian faction took control of the Senate, the empire was split into a mess of pieces as different generals positioned themselves for civil war. The former Caesar Marius and his family had the advantage of numbers on land but lacked the hold over Rome itself and a number of wealthy provinces, although they control the provinces beyond the Rockies and Neronia. Meanwhile, the rest of the empire was under the control of the Senate and its Committee, giving them greater resources at sea and the legitimacy of control. Neither side had clear control over the outcome of the war.

    For the time being, a timeline of events in the civil war suffices to outline its procession and explain its outcome. However, first a brief summary of the military and political situation toward the beginning of the civil war is needed.

    Unlike the Senate, Caesar Marius Silanus started with the disadvantage of having a less industrial power then Core Provinces. As for armies, Marius began the war with twenty-one legions, leaving him in control of half of the forty legions that constituted the professional branch of the Elysium army at the time. He had little trouble swelling his forces by another five legions within the first decade of the civil war.

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    With more than two-thirds of citizens, the Senate controlled the largest pool of recruits for the legion. Furthermore, the Senate had more than a hundred thousand trainees in the Castella Martiana, the exclusive training ground of the Legion. It had a standing army of 19 legions and had begun to field levies of troops armed with simpler weapons. A large fraction of the armies of the Senate were its non-professional soldiers, largely armed with polytrahoi (repeating crossbows) and lighter armor.

    With control over the capital, the Senate maintained an element of legitimacy that Marius could not muster but they needed this support to mitigate the effect of their revolution against the emperor. Many common citizens and noble citizens saw the emperor as the symbol of Elysium and continued to be entirely unwilling to support those who would overturn his lawful authority.

    The war was characterized by a more widespread adoption of firearms in combination with more traditional bladed weapons such as spears and swords. Armies were built around mass infantry units armed with the newly created smoothbore Flintlock muskets and bayonets. Light cavalry was reduced primarily for reconnaissance, detection, and tactical communications, while heavy cavalry was reduced as a tactical reserve and deployed for shock attacks. The artillery obtained fire support and played the main role in siege warfare. Strategic warfare in this period focused on control of key fortifications positioned to dominate neighboring regions and roads, with prolonged sieges a common feature of armed conflict. Military logistics were the deciding factor on several fronts, as armies became too large to stabilize on prolonged campaigns by harvesting alone. Military supplies are stored in centralized locations and distributed by baggage trains that were highly vulnerable to enemy raids. Armies were generally unable to sustain combat operations during the winter and normally established winter quarters in the cold season, resuming their campaigns with the return of spring.

    At the time of the Civil War, the Star Forts covered practically the entire territory of the Empire. During the battles at Kiowanus and Faunina, the Senatorial forces found it necessary to capture Star Forts, something that had never been done before and was considered impossible at the time. However, they tried and, with the help of two Testudos, they managed to get through the front door and take it. Battles set in Star Forts became a defining feature of the war, seeing some of the biggest skirmishes, so the taking of a Star Fort was almost synonymous with the Civil War itself. Throughout the course of the war, more than 200 of these forts were besieged and taken, with dozens of them completely destroyed in the process. Because both sides had access to numerous Testudos, literally neither side was sufficiently fortified.

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    Weapons development also accelerated rapidly during this time. Both sides, wanting to gain a strategic advantage in the war, went to great lengths to build new, innovative, and as powerful weapons as possible. For example, naval engineers at Neronia saw the effectiveness of armed Amplavis, the newly created Navis Armaturas (Galleons) differed from older types primarily by being longer, lower and narrower, with a square rather than round stern, and by having a nose or head projecting forward from the bow below the level of the forecastle. Amplavis were usually lightly armed and used to carry cargo, while Armaturas were purpose-built warships and were stronger, more heavily armed, and also cheaper to build (five Armaturas might cost around the same as three Amplavis) and were therefore a much better investment for use as vital transport or warships.

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    In addition, the tactics and techniques were evolving to better fight these battles. The most notable of these innovations was the development of a new style of hand-to-hand fighting by Senator General Marcus Publius Pugnatus. Called Deluctatis based on Pankration, a mixed martial art from ancient Greece, it made it highly effective in close combat. The deluctatis fists allow clenched fists and fights with kicks, finger punches, knee strikes and head butts. As a relatively simple fighting style, any able-bodied soldier could learn it in less than a month, something that senatorial forces benefited from during urban battles, which were very common during the war.

    The two nations also developed their own unique methods of government during this time period. The Senatorial Empire retained its Senate, although it was increased to 1,000 members. Special governors, former senators, were produced as provincial heads and continued the consular system of maintaining national federations within the state. However, these Consuls became more important with the creation of a second parliamentary organization, the Consular Congress, which assumed the executive powers once held by the government. In contrast, in the Imperial Empire, a Praetorian Council was founded to support the Emperor and offer a measure of representation for the population. This, unlike the Congress, was highly unpopular with most of Elysium's inhabitants and was a continual source of pain for the Imperials.

    By 2110, the fires of the Civil War had died down somewhat and a stable but fluctuating border soon emerged along the front line, with constant comings and goings over the last several decades. The populations of both sides never got used to this constant state of war and resentment towards both governments only increased over time until finally, in the Saturnalia of 2115 AUC (1362 AD), in the vicinity of Civis Caocia. Fed up with endless fighting, legionnaires on both sides began to question the authority of their officers. But not only the soldiers, but even many officers, refused to continue fighting. The riot initially broke out in Caociana and Magnum Fluvius, spreading rapidly; Soldiers began chanting anti-war slogans and gathering in assemblies. Quickly, the movement spreads throughout the army, reaching its peak between the end of May and the beginning of June 2116.

    More than half of the units deployed on the front for both sides will be affected, with special incidence in the units of infantry; some officers are attacked by their men being surrounded officers before being executed by the main rebel officers several units even announce their intention to march on the respective capital: Aureum Ostium or Augusta Elysium. If we add to this deep discontent, the exhaustion due to the terrible combat conditions, the incessant fighting, the deplorable living conditions and incidents such as the Second Battle of Colonia Prima Memphina, where on the night of April 24 to 25. A Senatorial recruit is killed by an old Imperial legionnaire, only to discover that it is his own son. Such events were fuel for the fire of military discontent. Who despite their burning desire for peace, most soldiers continue to identify themselves as true patriots. They only intend to modify the conditions in which they fight, turning war into something less arbitrary and more humane. Thus, although they refuse to return to combat, they continue to defend their positions until the end of the altercations. The mutinies were mainly protests by the soldiers against the conditions at the front and against the operations of the high command, although they had
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    also generalized demands for a negotiated peace. The soldiers insisted that their sacrifice should be proportional to the desired military objectives.

    Things did not change until the rebels chose Marcus Publius Pugnatus as their leader. Pugnatus, eager for change, spent a long time contemplating what he could do to end the suffering of his people. Meeting with his loyalists one day, he presented the radical idea of simply claiming the Imperial throne from the people of the Empire. His own popularity and his position were higher and it seemed that such a thing might be possible. Having already had his loyals spread the message, the general boldly asked the people to unite behind him as the new Emperor. Within days, the Senate House in Elysium Augustus and Provincial/Imperial Palace in Aureum Ostium were stormed by angry citizens and both governments forced to give up power to the General.​
     
    Chapter 36 Caesar Marcus Publius Pugnatus 2118 AUC / 1365 AD - 2128 AUC / 1375 AD
  • The development level of Elysium is staggering. In many ways this civil war was bound to happen tho, so many factions forming
    Knock knock. Its me... Electricity... I bring you to show the light....

    JUPITER OPTIMUS MAXIMUS ELEKTRO



    To begin his reign, the new Caesar first needed to consolidate his formed position as Emperor. For that he expend a lot of time in ensure the technological advances and a safe economy.

    The art of the numerarius (accountant) had grown in sophistication with the introduction of papira (paper) and the adoption of a decimal system of numbers to replace Roman numerals. Even five centuries later, the Ars Mercatura remained an essential teaching tool for accountants and merchants, in the form of reprints using contemporary numerals, but newer texts had overtaken it as reference material for active accountants. The Fiscus (Office of the Treasury) adopted a technique of listing all expenditures, revenues, and transfers as simultaneous debits (necsae) and credits (fidae) in corresponding accounts.

    Accountants and merchants during the late-13th century had invented this double-entry bookkeeping but the bilateral accounting technique had not become widely known until it was popularized by its use in state treasury accounts. This sytem was a natural result of the accounting practices used in the merciae recepticulae (import-export houses), facilities that mediated trade by buying goods from one ship and selling them later to another ship while storing the goods in the recepticulae during the intervening time. This service had made Civis Lenape the focal point of maritime trade between the cities along the coast of the Casiopea and dramatically reduced the risk undertaken by traders. Its unique procedures were always a breeding ground for new financial practices but bilateral bookkeeping was the most notable.

    Within a couple of decades, more public officials, such as the managers of the grain dole (annona) and customs offices, used the new method of bookkeeping to track changes in storage and the transport of goods. This transition was a direct result of its adoption by the treasury. However, widespread use of the procedure by private accountants did not come about until a manual on its use - De Rationum - was published, clearly describing and illustrating how to do bilateral bookeeping.

    Throughout the history of the Roman and Elysium Empire, the rapidity of long-distance communication has contributed immensely to stable governance of its more distant territories, encouraging travel by the nobility and allowing the Senate greater oversight of governors. By the 13th century, around 50,000 couriers were delivering letters for the public postal service (cursus publicus), at the requests of both public officials and paying private citizens. Through its fastest channels, the cursus could deliver news from California to Augusta Elysium in less than 25 days, always copying important messages for transport along multiple paths.

    Over the centuries, alternative means of communication had been tried, usually on a limited scale. For the Viking Invasion, the entire northern coastline of Hibernia was covered by signal fire towers that were tasked with alerting nearby legions of raiders when they came from the sea. The system was only in place for about a decade but was only one in a long history of optical telegraphy. Caesar Caninus had implemented a similar system of beacons along the 3,145 kilometers (1,954 miles) of the Vallum Magnum Toltecus (Great Toltec Wall), spreading word of an attack across the whole wall in mere hours. In short, the Elyseans were no strangers to communicating over long distances through visual signals.

    At the start of the civil war, The Senate sought the Technaeum for a faster way of receiving reports from the frontline and sending orders in return, due to a desire to control the direction of the conflict while remaining in Augusta Elysium to secure his regime. Years laters, It was given a proposal for a means of visually communicating words using a 6x6 square array of lanterns that would encode letters and numbers in a kind of extended Polybius square.

    Completed the following year, this first catenus lucaneus (chain of lights or optical telegraph line) stretched by all empire, bringing daily news to the Senate about the war. After whatever delay was needed to reach the chain, a message would be transmitted overnight from one signal tower to the next - these towers were mostly built on the position of a mutation (change station) for horses in the postal service as they were spaced about 15 km apart. Otherwise, positions were chosen with a good vantage point on the nearest two signal towers.

    Writing a message through this optical telegraph was a slow process of opening the correct lantern in short intervals (2-4 seconds). Reading was done by telescope (distaviderum), requiring line-of-sight between towers, and was facilitated by a grid that gave a good indication of the spacing of the lanterns in the array. Lantern covers could be opened by pulling strings laid out behind the array in an identical arrangement and the lanterns themselves used candles for cost as well as ease of lighting and extinguishing. Desire to send a message was signaled by opening all lantern covers simultaneously. Operators in the catenus lucaneus worked in pairs with one person reading the signal while dictating letters to the other. A direct order was given to the legates making use of this telegraph to keep the daily reports short, as messages taking more than ten minutes to send would strain the system.

    Nearly 5000 signal towers were built in a line across the empire for this one chain. Under normal circumstances, this telegraph could deliver a 50 word message from California to Augusta Elysium over the course of hours. This increase in speed was staggering for the time. For a route longer than 4,000 km, a duration of even five hours was a nearly 50 fold increase in the rate of transmission over the already fast cursus velox (swift service) of the public postal service. Only one message was sent in each direction per night but the system could easily handle hundreds of messages, assuming suitable protocols for sorting messages when they crossed.

    The capabilities of the optical telegraph captured the imagination of the public and academia. Several treatises were written that described alternative mechanisms of signalling or invented codes and abbreviations of varying efficiency. Over the following few decades, the military adopted a number of conventions for abbreviating common phrases, as the system was adapted for other purposes than coordinating the military movements.

    By other side the development of motor technology give another step. In the academy from Civis Cheienne it was developed the first functional electric motor, based on the designs of Archaedavincus, there was a gradual improvement of the device for the next hundreds years. In various years later, a motor was built that could perform about 600 revolutions per minute, finally offering several possibilities for practical applications. Powered by DC like all other electrical inventions of the time, the motor saw its first application in a printing press. These commercial DC motors were very expensive and only the richest printing companies could afford to use them, as they greatly increased total output. Still, the motor was somewhat faulty, constantly sparking and was only used on one or two machines per city due to the risk and cost.

    A more durable design was invented in ten years later, one which could survive rigorous applications in industry were it to be used there. As well, special metal guards were put in place to reduce the risk from sparks. The new motor quickly replaced all existing instances of its predecessor and within ten years, almost 80 were in use around the Empire. Some were even bought by members of the rich who ordered for them to be used to power a carriage. Although this drained the battery within about 2 hours, the image of a man driven in a carriage with no horse was one which captivated the minds of the public. More and more people were sending their sons to the electrical academy in Civis Cheienne to help make the next breakthrough.

    Very little changed however, other than minor increases in the efficiency of the devices and interest was already starting to wane by the turn of the XIIIth Century. However, an unknown scientist working from another academy in California of all places was able to create a DC motor with no sparking and which was very similar in both design and capabilities to those in use in OTL 1900. As with the last breakthrough, this new motor replaced all examples of the old one, whilst also causing a surge in the use of motors in other areas. The best part of his design was that it combined the three central parts of a DC motor into one solid unit, the rotor, stator and commutator were now indistinguishably part of just one motor. Were it not for the turmoil in the Empire, something which most importantly cut off any collaboration between the academies, this technology may very well have entered far more widespread use a lot earlier. For the moment though, only about 250 were built for use in printing presses, though the split militaries would also research potential applications in war.

    Additionally, Pugnatus created a new currency, to support the wavering Denarius, called the Aureus, a strong golden standard for the currency. Although it was never recognized as an official currency of the Empire, which remained the Denarius, since its value was now tied to the Denarius it could be used to keep the latter from falling too much in value during hard times, as many people would invest in this convertible gold standard. Most importantly though, the government could suspend the convertibility into this standard at times when a lot of spending was required, such as war, to fund these high levels of expenditure. Several safety measures were also established to prevent deflation if gold supplies fell. The main advantage of this over other golden standards was that it was technically not related to the price of gold, but the price of the Aureus, which was worth a lot more than the gold used to make it. Although this would make the standard's efficacy related more to confidence in the new currency rather than gold supplies, Pugnatus had a great deal of faith in the Empire and felt assured that such a thing would only happen anyway if the Empire was falling, something which should be avoided always.

    Interestingly, each major coin corresponds to a class in the Empire: peasants deal almost exclusively in Sestertius and seldom handle a Denarius; Denarius are the currency of choice for the burghers, although they also use Sesterius; and the aristocracy don't even bother thinking about Sesterius, dealing instead in gold Aureus.
    Denomination
    Obverse
    Reverse
    Composition
    Equivalent
    Aureus
    Caesar Decius Aemilius Caninus
    Laurel wreath
    Gold
    1000 Sestertius.
    500 Denarius.
    Denarius
    Caesar Commodus
    Crowned Lion
    Silver
    500 Aureus.
    500 Sestertius.
    Sestertius
    Caesar Kaeso Iulius Caesar
    Roman Imperial Eagle
    Copper
    1000 Aureus.
    500 Denarius.

    Alongside his numerous civil reformations, Pugnatus made certain to rebuild the army, making it as immune to revolution as possible and bring it fully into the present of warfare, even further beyond what it was before. The new military, Aegranus hoped, would serve as the model for which all future military organizations would one day be based.

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    Firstly, he wished to reduced upkeep costs of the army, so he commissioned for about a "Manufactorum" to be made in every province and be alone dedicated to the rapid and cheap production of Legionary and Auxiliary Armor and weapons. These smithies and workshops built items such as gladii, shields, helmets, body armor and another weapons. Although this seems to mean that less of these things could be in production at any one time, it was a long term solution for the army and in the event that emergency supplies are needed, other places could easily be commissioned to manufacture those things as well. The important thing was that his plan brought these things down to between a fourth and a tenth of their original cost and so imperial funds could be now put to much better use.

    Pugnatus created a new law referred to as Auxilaria Subito, which allowed the government to call men of working ages to fight in the army when there was a national emergency, a law of Conscription. Now, an emperor could quickly field an army of any size when the need arose.

    Next he both raised the number of Legions to 50 and increased their pay to just above the highest levels they had historically been. With 5 more Legions than before, the number of auxiliaries was greatly reduced. The Sagittae (archer) become a sharpshooter like the Legionary a musketeer, as well as ballistarii (artillerymen) was also increased to offer more support for the main army. Then, Pugnatus began a propaganda campaign for the Legion, encouraging the writing of plays and novels which glorified the organization and essentially laying the foundations for the high regard given to the Legion in modern times. After two years of this, he was able to do things to increase the required training for legionaries, making them a stronger and more disciplined force even than before, at some cost to their comfort. To compensate, he spend a good deal of resources upgrading and building new forts, many of which had been destroyed in the Civil War, ensuring that more personal comforts were available to the men whilst relaxing. Strangely enough, taking a page from their neightbors, Pugnatus tried to make sure that some of the larger forts had a substantial harem of women, usually previously poor locals, for the enjoyment of the soldiers but with welfare rules like no harm or no less ten-seven years girls.​
     
    Chapter 37 Caesar Publius Claudius Moratius 2128 AUC / 1375 AD - 2163 AUC / 1410 AD
  • After the death of the Emperor Pugnatus, his eldest surviving son, Publius Claudius Moratius was given the throne. In the great procession he was dubbed Emperor Claudius. However the way he handled the situation, and his ultimate sacrifice for the Empire, has allowed him to go down in history as the Heroic Emperor.

    Many of Claudius' efforts in the public field were dedicated to upgrading and repairing much of the infrastructure, a job that was a little more difficult than usual every 200 years or so. Whilst doing so, Claudius decided to dramatically increase the number of large inter-provincial roads that stretched across the Empire. Although these had been destroyed centuries ago by Sapiens for the high-upkeep costs required to maintain them, the Empire's wealth was now at such a level that it could much more easily afford this, and the benefits of having more major roads. The improved network was completed, just in time for the next big war.

    The major issue for the beginning of his reign was a rather surprising one though. Wood, one of the most important resources in the world, had steadily become more scarce a good. North America, once covered in continent wide forests, was now in danger of having this resource completely depleted. Economists together with botanists calculate that at the Empire's current rate of consumption, there would be virtually no trees anywhere in North America by 2353 AUC (1600 AD). Whilst many in the Senate waved this off as a problem for the future, not the present, Claudius at least had the foresight to now that the problem might become unresolvable by that time. Therefore began working closely with the Empire's greatest experts to find a solution to the problem. The solution they came up with was as simple as it was effective.

    A law was passed the following year that required for anyone to cut down a tree, two more needed to be planted in the very same area. Anyone caught not following this law was subject to a crippling fine. Though this should have been enough to solve the problem, the emperor and his panel of experts were still worried that with enough people not obeying the law, there still might be a gradual decline. He therefore founded the Oficium Arboribus (Ministry of Forestry), an office in the government dedicated to the continued existence of a large source of wood, and the maintenance of the Empire's vast forests.

    One of the most important jobs of the ministry was to organize the shifting of "Protected" and "Unprotected" zones. This was extraordinarily difficult, and to be effective, required a more precise mapping of the Empire's land. Once the cartography was completed, the business of establishing a system for these zones was underway.

    Essentially the way this system worked was that entire areas would be declared off-limits for people to cut down. Scouts would be sent periodically to be sure that there were still as many trees there as when they last checked. If not, an investigation ensued. Whilst an area was "Protected" like this, the government would also send people to plant more trees until the entire zone was covered completely. After a few decades of being a protected zone, they would then become unprotected, and open to forestry again. This shuffling was usually noted in the weekly Nuntia, or could be found out by visiting the nearest government building with an Officer of the Forest.

    Under Claudius, all of the science academies in the Empire were united in their work once again, and for the first ten years or so, they spent most of the time updating each other on what they'd done and re-establishing officials contact networks. Although these academies petitioned to Emperor to recreate electric weapons for his use in the war, he wagered that those devices were far too expensive to be of any use yet and instead he put almost a billion Dn every year into improving electrical research. One thing in particular that he wanted was a new source of electrical energy, less costly and more continuous than a battery. Currently the only way to charge them was through either natural sources of electricity or other batteries and the non-rechargeable ones were still costly and cumbersome to make.

    Nevertheless, Roman chemists managed in 2143 AUC to invent rechargeable batteries with at least half the capacity per volume of OTL lithium-ion batteries. These were several times denser and heavier though and became unusable a lot more quickly. Still, this invention made rechargeable batteries a more profitable investment, as methods for charging them by lightning were improved even more in the 2150's. Over two-thirds of all major printing houses and three-quarters of all electroplating shops now made use of this sort of system.

    In 2160, the Emperor decided that the Turris Horologis in the city's center should become electrically powered, something which would make it over ten times more accurate than the mechanical version and require substantially less maintenance, with the only requirement being to refill the batteries when they ran out completely, something which happened every four to eight years, and repair any occasional damage. Since very little power was required, just over long periods of time as the batteries were used to continuously reload one of two mechanical pendulums which ran the clock faces, all the energy could come from lightning strikes, as most power from the time did.

    The field where Claudius really shined was in battle, as his father wished to have a son who was a strong military commander, like himself.

    During the civil war, an Aztec army penetrated the border and attacked a town that was populated by about 1000 people near the Castrum Dentatus. The townspeople awoke to an army of Aztecs burning their settlement and looting their homes while taking imperial citizens as slaves. Aztec warriors looted and burned various houses and commercial buildings, fighting civilians defending their homes armed with crossbows and gladius, many of whom were veterans of the legions. Due to the situation of civil war, a military response could not be applied at that time and Emperor Montezuma I did not give in to the threats of the Empire or the demands for the return of the slaves, who had been sacrificed years ago in a ritual.

    Because a foreign nation could not be allowed to attack the Empire even at its weakest, Caesar decided to send 30 Legions to bring the Elysean civilization south. The Bellum Aztecus stood out for the clash between savagery and martiality. The Aztecs had evolved their technology to reach a technological military level equivalent to 1200 OTL, a level that was not compared to the 1800 OTL that the army of Elysium had.

    The Elysean legions invaded from the Castrums positioned on the border by rapid marches doubling the customary speed of 15-mile (25km) by 30-mile (50 km) per day, while the Aztec warriors tried to fight off the invasion using fortified defensive lines. , controlled forest fires, human wave attacks, extensive use of deliberate attacks against unarmed targets. A notable feature of the war was the glorification of martyrdom which further contributed to the extermination of some ethnic groups or peoples, although due to the usual Flower Wars: a ritual war fought intermittently between the Aztec Triple Alliance and its enemies many enemy peoples of the Aztecs ended up accepting the government of the Elyseans even providing auxiliary units that were identified by red cloth garments on the right arm.

    The war served as a baptism for the next Imperial mentality to be spoken of in the future. The soldiers, including many graduates of Castella Martiana and Academia Bellica, had never before engaged in urban warfare, and marched straight into the open streets, where they were annihilated by defenders well hidden in the thick adobe houses. What served to apply the doctrine known as "Annihilatio" whose objective provided for the breaking of the enemy's advanced defenses, or tactical zones, through combined arms attacks. The overall goal was to inflict a decisive strategic defeat on the enemy's logistics and make defending their front more difficult, impossible, or even irrelevant. Unlike most other doctrines, Annihilatio emphasized combined arms cooperation at all levels: strategic, operational, and tactical with a single goal.

    It must also be understood that after the civil war, the political parties known as Provinciales (those who favor the provinces) and Patricianes (men of the fatherland) ended up being eliminated to be replaced by the Martifilius (Children of Mars); it promoted nationalistic, militaristic and expansionist ideals and was mainly supported by veteran senators of the army and the Quirinfilius (Sons of Quirinus); It promoted a more prudent, gradual and progressive expansion while calling for the cooperation of the bureaucracy and merchants to maximize the imperial industrial and military capacity.

    Many members of the military's favorable political party increasingly looked to the south as a target for further expansion. The Martifilius wanted to expand new territories in Mexico, the Quirinfilius wanted new territory for commercial reasons, and all agreed that the Aztec Empire, with its valuable mineral deposits and population, would be an excellent addition to the Empire.

    Due to this, it was not difficult to invade and conquer the region, establishing four new provinces:
    30: Yaqui Caesariensis Province
    31: Neronia Ripense Province
    32: Aztec Province
    33: Oaxaca Province
     
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    Map 2163 AUC / 1410 AD
  • SPOILER_North_America_Admn._Dvsn..png


    1. Provincia Imperial - Capital: Augusta Elysium.
    Fusion of the Provincias Augusta Elysium and Nostra.
    2. Provincia Hibernia - Capital: Fluvius Finis.
    Fusion of the Provincias Hibernias.
    3. Provincia Terranova - Capital: Civis Terranova.
    Territory of the Island of Terranova.
    4. Provincia Nova Caledonia - Capital: Portus Viridis.
    Territory of Nova Caledonia.
    5. Provincia Nova Liguria - Capital: Civis Septimia Severus.
    Territory of Nova Liguria.
    6. Provincia Lenape - Capital: Civis Mohawk.
    Territory of Lenape.
    7. Provincia Appalachia Superior - Capital: Civis Nova Olisippo.
    Fusion of the Appalachia Superior and parts of Appalachia Occidentis.
    8. Provincia Appalachia Inferior - Capital: Civis Persici.
    Fusion of the Appalachia Inferio and parts of Appalachia Occidentis.
    9. Provincia Hispania Maritimae - Capital: Nova Alexandria.
    Territory of Hispania Maritimae.
    10. Provincia Magnum Fluvius - Capital: Portus Magnum Fluvius.
    Fusion of the Provincia Magnum Fluvius and parts of Appalachia Occidentis.
    11. Provincia Irocois - Capital: Civis Aguntum.
    Territory of Irocois.
    12. Provincia Dacotas - Capital: Civis Centolacus.
    Territory of Dacotas.
    13. Provincia Magnum Lacus - Capital: Civis Aquincum.
    Territory of Magnum Lacus.
    14. Provincia Ursi Tellus - Capital: Caronto.
    Territory of Ursi Tellus.
    15. Provincia Caociana - Capital:Civis Caocia.
    Territory of Caociana.
    16. Provincia Neronia - Capital: Neropolis.
    Territory of Neronia.
    17. Provincia Kiowanus - Capital: Civis Kiowa.
    Territory of Kiowanus.
    18. Provincia Dinania - Capital: Civis Dine.
    Territory of Dinania.
    19. Provincia Transheraclidae - Capital: Civis Ute.
    Territory of Transheraclidae.
    20. Provincia California Superior - Capital: Aureum Ostium
    Territory of California Superior.
    21. Provincia California Inferior - Capital: Colonia Caesaropolis Maritimae
    Territory of California Inferior.
    22. Provincia Silvania - Capital: Diocletianopolis
    Territory of Silvania.
    23. Provincia Flavia Caesariensis - Capital: Colonia Ulpia Commodona
    Territory of Flavia Caesariensis.
    24. Provincia Superi Caesariensis - Capital: Nova Venetia
    Territory of Superi Caesariensis.
    25. Provincia Faunina - Capital: Colonia Mandanus
    Territory of Faunina.
    26. Provincia Fauninus - Capital: Civis Sascaton
    Territory of Fauninus.
    27. Provincia Hibernia Maritimae - Capital: Castra Escimo.
    Territory of Hibernia Maritimae.
    28. Provincia Cuba - Capital: Colonia Fabia.
    Territory of Cuba.
    29. Provincia Taino - Capital: Portus Taino.
    Territory of Taino.
    30: Yaqui Caesariensis Province
    Territory of Yaqui Caesariensis Province.
    31: Neronia Ripense Province
    Territory of Neronia Ripense Province.
    32: Aztec Province
    Territory of Aztec Province.
    33: Oaxaca Province
    Territory of Oaxaca Province.

    Link to Interactive Map
     
    Chapter 38 Caesar Gaius Claudius Varro 2163 AUC / 1410 AD - 2226 AUC / 1473 AD
  • While the new provinces were "cleansed" of the remnants of the Aztecs with the support of the allied tribes of the Elyseans who got friendly treatment from Elysium, the native people were taught the Roman religion and Latin. Elysian officials worked to maintain cultural aspects that did not violate Elysian laws, and a syncretic religion developed in a process similar to that effected during the conquest of Hispania, Greece, and Gaul. Most Elysians undertook to learn the major languages and wrote grammars so SE could learn the languages and establish effective administration.

    At first, religious conversion seemed to happen quickly. The priests soon discovered that most of the natives had simply adopted "the conquering gods," as the Roman pantheon called them, as another of their many gods. Although they often considered Jupiter, Juno, Minerva or Mars to be important deities because they were the gods of the victorious conquerors, they did not see the need to abandon their old beliefs, which was allowed but certain restrictions were applied that included human sacrifices, which that only occurred in times of dire need: the most recent known example was during the Second Punic War after the Roman defeat at Cannae.

    Although the Elysian colonization of Mexico after the war was little more than the subjugation of the natives, with the establishment of small settlements, all other military conquests involved the gradual founding of a Elysean city in each new conquered region and the almost total enslavement of the tribal populations. All with the thought of a blank canvas, thus expanding the current borders over their conquered territories. To the south, their approach was especially harsh, with entire areas completely enslaved and merciless against any settlement revealing heinous acts such as cannibalism.

    The 14th Century became the Century of the Galleon, the ship itself had already become almost symbolic of the Empire's naval power, in both foreign and domestic circles. More than 90% of trade was done with Ampluvis (Carracks) or Armatura (Galleon); all public transport was done with Amplavi and the entire Classis had about 125 Armaturas in its arsenal, through the Varrus Naval Reforms between 1420 and 1430 AD. These were only added to the Navy, and so other ship designs remained in use, though to a slightly less significant degree. Furthermore, in 1440, Varrus commissioned the construction of the Imperial Flagship, the Elysium Invictus, a gargantuan 150 m length (length) and 50 m beam (width) ship with four decks and a total of 140 guns with 35 in every deck.

    Another novel reform was the System of Ministries that was perhaps one of his most significant simplifications of government affairs. Varro created a set of transparliamentary bodies that administer government functions on behalf of Caesar. Almost all ministries are headed by a praeministrum appointed by the emperor apart from various numbers of minor officials and magistrates who would work for the ministers to perform their assigned administrative functions.

    Several of the other Ministries founded included: Ministry of Electricity, for the maintenance of standards on electrical equipment and subsequent transportation of electricity; Ministries of Higher and Lower Education, leading organizations of the new educational system, divided into Higher (Universalis | OTL: University) and Lower (Grammaticus | OTL: High Schools) and Ministry of Technology, government advisory council on recent technology and possible implications for the Empire.

    The two aforementioned ministries of education were created as part of the Emperor's Educational Reform. The problem that was solved here was that the Empire did not have a formal public education system and, in fact, almost all children who lived outside the cities did not receive any education, except what they learned from their family or private individuals. Furthermore, even many people in the city could not afford education for themselves or their children, and many of the trades and knowledge that people acquired were obtained through apprenticeship methods or again from their families. In total, only about 25% of the population could attest to having attended a school of any kind.

    For this reason, the Emperor financed the construction of 28 Grammatici in Augusta Elysium, facilities that provided education from 3 to 16 years old. All costs of these schools, once completed, were borne by the government, allowing anyone with Imperial citizenship to send their children there for free. The same year, he held a dinner with some of the directors of various academies throughout the Empire and managed to convince many of them to go into the business of creating their own private Grammatici, thus helping to expand the private educational system. Then, over the course of the next 20 years, Varro worked to create thousands of public schools in every major city, and many smaller towns, throughout the Empire. Though he was never able to take the time to visit all of them due to the extent of his empire.

    The Universalis were another of the marked features of the reforms. Before him, facilities known as Academies, such as the Academy of Architecture and the Military Academy, were places of higher education dedicated to the study of a particular subject. Varro had the idea that a single facility could provide joint education for several, even dozens of these subjects, giving its students a kind of universal education. Beginning construction just outside the capital, in an area his predecessor had cleared entirely, Magnus ordered the construction of the Grammaticus Universalis, the first universal school. With the extensive use of slave labor, the main part of the University was completed in five years and the first students began to arrive. The Universalis Augusta houses 8 different academies, each providing a comprehensive education on a particular subject, for example "Philosophy" or "Law and Politics".

    The following year, the Emperor and the two ministries of education finished the Nova Doctrina Populare, the New System of Civic Education, formally organizing the independent educational systems into an imperial standard. All schools, both public and private, and of course all academies were forced to follow this new system or be closed down. In short, the new order of things was that the children of the empire were to receive a general education from the ages of 3 to 14, after which their assigned Grammaticus would give them a specialized education in at least 4 subjects, up to a maximum of 10. After two years of this, a Diploma Grammaticum would be given to the child, showing that he had passed all his lower schooling. The child can then go into specialized education for whatever they are going to do later in life.

    His patronage for his education did not stop at building schools and reforms, he was also a well-known patron of scientists working at various points, even paying for it from his family's private treasury. Surprisingly, not only did all these expenses not put the state in debt, but his reorganization of the Empire actually resulted in a net profit at the end of his rule.

    One of his favorite scientists to patronize was the now famous Decimus Falso Volta, a scientist who worked at the Electrical Academy of Cheienne. To the surprise and great delight of the scientific community, Volta came out with his two Magna Opi, first his Theory of Electricity Generation by Magnetic Induction and then his Theory of Electromagnetism in November of that same year. These two detailed diaries finally provided an acceptable and verifiable explanation of the action of the newly invented motors and generators. Furthermore, Volta reasoned, generators weren't very useful at producing direct current, the kind used by batteries, and instead provided much better power by making alternating current. In his tests with one of the three DC generators running on the academia, and other tests with a makeshift AC generator, found that there was less power loss over distances with AC, and that it also had many more applications than the older DC.

    Volta was also quite erudite, and soon after released his Tabula Typica de Elementarum, an educational table that organized the elements known at the time into rows and columns. Started out purely out of interest, Volta gradually realized that he was onto something and within a year he applied for a grant to further investigate what he was in the process of discovering. Though this violated the Academy's "ONE grant per person" policy, the Emperor personally intervened, allowing Volta to finish the table for him. Not only did this periodic table classify all elements into groups with similar properties and periods that followed each group once, it also left holes in his table where he predicted later undiscovered elements would fit. Furthermore, he disproved the nature of water and limestone as distinct elements, and later, he showed that air was composed of at least three different substances, one for breathing, one for plants, and one that did neither. but that somehow made up more than half of its composition.

    Regardless, with the theories of electromagnetism established, Volta set out to build the first alternating current generator. Although it took him another three years after developing his theories, he finally built the first prototype of him. The device doubled the power output of DC generators that were in use before, completely eliminating any potential competition from the water.

    Since Volta managed to patent his new invention of the AC Generator, he was now on his way to a life of great fortunes, since until his death he had exclusive rights to the use of the technology. However, in a somewhat paranoid move, he forbade allowing other scientists to use the device in research, giving himself the exclusive right to advance the technology, and if someone else did, he had to relinquish the rights. This reflected his astute business style, something many have criticized him for. The problem here was that although he had the generator and the theory, large-scale application was impossible with the device he had.

    After another three years of work, Volta created the first waterwheel AC generator on the river that runs past his village. Using the electrical power that he was generating from the waterwheel, Volta turned on a large ceiling fan in the main hall of his villa that cooled the room noticeably on hot days. That same year, Volta was declared by Varro to be president of the newly created Societas Imperialis de Scientiae (Imperial Society of Sciences), an organization founded by Volta's bequest that administered and discussed all scientific matters in the Empire.

    The SIS was controlled by the Concilium Scientium, a board of the Imperium's most respected scientists, who were selected for their position by the current board members each day of Saturnalia. Usually, people applied for the position and members accepted or put them on hold, but on rare occasions the Society itself sucked out potential candidates. The supplier (President) was, of course, selected by the imperial government, usually the Emperor or the Minister of Technology and then, if he was accepted by the board, kept the position. Any other scientist could attend S.I.S meetings, reserving a place at any of its meetings, although, as usual, the board could decline a reservation. In any case, the entire goal of the Imperial Society was to stimulate scientific discussion and keep the Empire on the right path to advancement, much like the OTL The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge.

    Volta was now the most influential member of the Elysium scientific community, both in rank and in terms of respect. Using his many contacts, he was able to convince four Senators to have one of his Waterwheel Generators built on their Villa properties, for a very high price of course. One of the biggest things which Volta had going for him was the cost of electricity at the time. Only huge guilds could afford it as batteries had been the only source. As a single generator was projected to be able to provide power for decades, Volta could put practically any price he desired on his product, which he did. Each of the units he sold, not including the waterwheel and wiring, cost around 90,000 Dn, or ten times more than most Elyseans citizens made in a year.

    Over the next 12 years, Volta had another 100 generators built at the villas of more of his friends in the Senate and he had been using many of the funds he was gaining in this to further his research into electricity. For instance he developed a small electrical device which he theorized would be able to act as a kind of "gate" for the electricity. Consisting of two metal plates with a removable insulator between them, the device shocked Volta when he found out its actual use. Instead of stopping and releasing the electricity when the insulator was removed, it allowed the current to pass unhindered. Confused, he tried it with DC current instead, and whilst this did stop the current, it did not act as a gate as he expected. Over the next two years he discovered that the Condensatrum (Capacitor) responded to what he termed "electrical potential" differences, and could be made to store and later release a charge depending on these factors, acting kind of like a battery.

    Inventions like the capacitor though were only a distraction, albeit a persistent one, from his primary work on the generator. By 1470 AD the technology had been greatly improved, and in the next year he had a deal with the resort town of Argen (OTL: Aspen) to build his largest generator yet to heat some of the Thermae (Public Baths) which were so popular there. This time he tried out a Windmill design for his generator, something which required far larger magnets than he would have liked, bringing the generator cost up to about 30,000 Dn. That same year, at the insistence of a close friend in the Imperial Society, Volta created his own guild, Eletrika Generalis so that his family could continue to reap the benefits of his inventions even after he had died. Ironically, it was because of this action that his family would ultimately lose access to a lot of that money. However, the guild did allow him to pay his own people to build the devices and the wheels or mills for him, so it did have its advantages at the time.

    GE built 14 Waterwheel generators near Civis Cheienne providing almost 30,000 W of power to the the city. The next year 3 were built to supplement the Windmill in Argen and then in one of the largest deals of his career, the Praetor of Dina commissioned for 30 generators to be built outside Civis Dine in 1472. In general, the power provided by the generators was used by printing houses, electroplating industries and the all popular public bathing houses. The problem at the time though was that a lot of power was still being lost in bringing the electricity from the generators up to the cities. Even with large amounts of electrical insulation, energy was being lost as heat in the wire and nothing it seemed could be done to stop this.

    Further construction projects stopped for the next two years whilst Volta worked on solving the problem. Right off the bat, he reasoned that the heating originated from the "movement of electrical fluid" in the wires and that since he had earlier discovered that the power generated was a product of the electrical current and the electrical potential, all he needed to do was lower the current whilst simultaneously increasing the voltage. Although the solution eluded him for all of 1474, mid-way through the next year he realized that it might lie in the number of wire loops used in the generators. After trying several combinations of wire in different places, he finally tried to loop wires around a metal ring and then pass the current onto a more looped wire on the opposite end. He realized that this was perfectly in line with his theory of electromagnetic induction. Volta had invented the first transformer.

    Almost immediately Volta offered a "deal" on these new transformers, promising that they will significantly improve the amount of power that they'll have access to. Although the Governor in particular was skeptical of the scientist's intentions, everyone agreed that the pay-off was worth it and so the devices were installed at every power generator over the course of the next year. The next year GE built their second windmill generator, along with 6 waterwheel generators, this time north of the city of Colonia Canina Apache. Over the course of the next 5 years, Volta became the third richest man in the Empire, after the emperor and the head of the Printing House Guild. More than 900 waterwheel generators and 40 windmill generators were built for the most important cities of the Empire, providing huge boons to the local economies.

    Unfortunately, Volta was researching a new gas which he had discovered along with "empowering airs" when splitting water with electricity, a substance which he dubbed for the time being Aquas Materias Vegetas, what later scientists call "Protium". Anyway, he had a very large glass container filled with the gas which was accidentally knocked over by a slave of his bringing him some water to drink. The resulting explosion knocked him off his feet and gave him serious injuries, but worst of all, set his villa on fire. In only moments the burning building collapsed around him and he died in the rubble.

    As was stated in his will, his body was buried in the Academia Imperia Scientiae which was completed by Volta's own request, and served not only as the seat of the Societas Imperialis de Scientiae but also as a Universalis dedicated to the natural sciences. It was decided that he was to be buried in the main courtyard and a statue was to be built on top to honor his achievements. Known as the Throne of Volta, the statue shows the man himself seated on a marble and silver throne and holding a clear glass ball in his right hand to represent clarity gained through science.

    This was not to say that all was well and good following his death, as the government of Elysium was able to influence matters so that they "inherited" the entirety of Volta's estate, in particular the guild he had founded. His four children were given only about 20% of his wealth (every children receive a 5%), which despite making up more than 120 million Denarii, was nothing compared to the wealth being generated, so to speak, by his company. Through the deals he had made with his customers, 30% of the money received from selling the electricity had to come back to General Electric. The government now had full use of his patents, and therefore his inventions and was already preparing itself to expand this new industry even before Volta's body had made it into the ground.

    The next emperor was especially delighted by what the government was now capable of and ensured that within only a year the now government owned General Electric was building its generators again, with a new stipulation that the newly created Ministry of Energy had full management duties over all GE power generators and that 50% of all income garnered by them went to the Imperial Government. From that point up until the end of next Emperor' reign, more than 600 waterwheel generators and 900 windmill generators were constructed and power was now being provided to over 80 cities.

    The two Ministries within the jurisdiction of electrical generation were also working on the issue of long-distance power generation in order to bring the generators away from urban areas. Years later it was decided that wires were allowed to only extend along a roadway, and that when doing so must run through the small concrete walls on the edges of the roads. Though this necessitated rebuilding these walls to be open-able, it was agreed that it was the best option to not only maintain the security of the power grid, but to also stay to the interests of conservative who would have objected to great big wires "getting in their way" so to speak. Also, in order to prevent the problem of arcing between wires, all lines on one side of the road provided power in one direction, whilst those on the other side brought it in the opposite direction and the concrete and wide space between them prevented an electrical field from forming.​
     
    Chapter 39 Caesar Aulus Claudius Magnus 2226 AUC / 1473 AD - 2241 AUC / 1488 AD
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    The Industrial Revolution, spurred on by electrical technology was just then gaining momentum. By 2226 AUC (1473 AD), when Emperor Aulus Claudius ascended to the throne, already half of all major cities had access to at least some electricity. A census taken two years before noted that there were: 215 Windmill Generators, 506 Waterwheel Generators and one new structure known as a Irrigagger Electrika. The Irrigagger, built along the Niagara River, provided an enormous amount of electricity to the region, but necessitated damming the river. The Niagara River Dam itself was huge and made entirely out of concrete. Although its construction was highly lauded amongst the rich, the costs in relation to the rewards were simply too much and the idea of building any more was abandoned for the time being.

    The electricity generated by the Irrigagger was however put to very good use in Factiara. The first factiarum was built less than one km from the Dam and was designed to cast metallic pieces for wheels at a rate of about two every second. As the entire process was powered by electricity, there was only a slight need for human involvement to oversee the process and fix any minor mistakes made by the machines. It was an extremely simple process however and mistakes in this factiarum were very rare. Over the next two years, nine more factiara were built around the Irrigagger, building things like Armors, Gladius, Muskets, Building components.

    The repercussions of the Industrial Revolution are enormous. Engineers were now focusing on building innovative new machines that made use of electrical energy to more easily perform a task. A large machine, not unlike a Spinning Jenny was created that automatically wove large cloths for bedding and the like. Others built things purely catered to the rich. The patriarch of the Valerian family for instance now had a front door that could be allowed to open whenever someone stepped on a mat on either side. Other Patricians and Equestrians had things like electric heaters for keeping their houses warm in the Winter and large fans to keep them cool in the Summer. In fact, when Gaius Metellus Corvus was elected Senatus he promised to the people of Faunina that every home by the end of his reign would have access to enough electricity to keep out the cold. Amazingly, he was able to have more than 50 Windmill generators and 80 waterwheel generators built to serve the cities of his provinces, thereby supplying power to over three-quarters of the population.

    In 1480 an interesting new innovation was developed. Lucius Claudius Horus asked some Doctores Electrikae (Electrical Engineers) to install wiring directly into the walls of his house, and give him access to this electricity at will through a small emplacement sticking out of the wall. Normally, any electrical equipment had to be specially installed in each house, but this new convenience that Horus had come up with would allow someone to have the wiring installed, and then bring in any other devices later. This "contact piece" (Contactrum) became all the rage among the aristocracy, many of whom had their electrical plus coming out of some fancy piece of furniture in their homes to proudly display them to guests.

    The only requirement for a contactrum was that it need three holes. An input, an output and a grounding wire for safety (required by law). The actual arrangement of these holes varied widely, making it impossible to create standardized power plugs, but that was all part of the fun for the rich as customization seemed to be the big thing when it came to electricity. Virtually no poor houses had access to electricity, the only time the Plebs could ever see any electrical devices were in public places or at work where they were used.

    One of the novelties within the army was the beginning of the Bellum Exercitiis. Magnus seeing the state of the Legions, decided to teach a series of exercises aimed at improving the command, logistics and tactical capabilities of the Empire's units. The most famous exercises are:
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    • Imperatoria Defensio: The Exercise is one of the largest and takes place in the vicinity of Augusta Elysium. The objective of the exercise is to defend a series of lines in a fictional invasion of Augusta Elysium. Imperatoria Defensio's focus is learning about possible defensive weaknesses in Augusta Elysium.
    • Obsidium (Siege): Obsidium is a military exercise conducted to explore defensive and offensive warfare. The stated goal was military training to break through the heavily fortified defensive lines of a military opponent.​
    • Excipio (Capture): Excipio was an exercise carried out with the aim of capturing a person or a group of people. Normally, this exercise could be combined with Obsidium.​

    This trend led a series of students from the Bellica Academy in Lenape to create a strategy game called Ludi Bellum with the aim of realistically representing war. the pieces represented real military units (cavalry, infantry, artillery, etc.) and the squares were color coded to represent different types of terrain (rivers, urban, plain, forest, swamp, etc), to alternate the boards it was allowed that each board was removable and mountable in a total of 100 grids. The pieces were forced to move across a chess-style grid: only a single piece could occupy a square (even if that square represented, say, a square mile), and the pieces had to move square by square. This, of course, did not represent how royal troops maneuvered in the field.

    Years later, a Patrician and wargame enthusiast named Quintus Fabius Barbatus set out to develop a more realistic wargame in which units could move freely over more natural terrain. Barbatus first experimented with a table covered with a layer of wet sand. He sculpted the arena into a three-dimensional model battlefield, with hills and valleys and even added rivers with water in some. He used blocks with representations of troop formations whether it be infantry, cavalry, artillery or other. Several Legion officers heard about the project and called for a demonstration. He showed it to them and they enthusiastically recommended the game to the Emperor.

    Barbatus did not want to present the Emperor with a table of wet sand, so he set about building a more impressive device. Two years later, he presented the Emperor with a wooden folding table. The table drawers stored all the materials to play. The cabinet came with a folding board which, when unfolded and placed on top of the cabinet, provided a playing surface approximately two meters in size. Instead of sculptured sand, the battlefield was made of ceramic tiles, on which the terrain features were depicted in painted bas-reliefs. The tiles were modular and could be placed on the tabletop to create a custom battlefield for every occasion. Troop formations were represented by small blocks of wood. Blocks could be moved around the battlefield freely; Dividers and rulers were used to regulate movement.

    The Imperial family loved the game and played it frequently. However, it was not adopted by army instructors or sold commercially due to its small size. But more importantly, his system was not complete and required some improvisation on the part of the players. For example, the rules for resolving shooting and melee effects weren't fully worked out. The development of the wargame was continued by his son and Centurion of the Legion.

    He took over the development of the war game from his father after his father lost interest in it. He developed the game with the help of a circle of young officers. In earlier wargames, units were like chess pieces in that when attacked they were simply killed and removed from the game, even if the pieces represented groups of soldiers. Conversely, units of that version could take partial losses and still remain on the battlefield. A unit can withstand several rounds of enemy attacks before finally collapsing. The game was therefore the first to incorporate unit hitpoints. He also modeled variable damage: the casualties inflicted by an attacker on his enemy were determined using dice.

    The Son of Barbatus game was designed to be played on topographical maps. The Elysian army had only recently begun to use these types of maps, which were the product of new advances in cartography and printing. The use of topographic maps allowed for a more natural terrain and the game of battles in real places, reaching the point of being able to make recreations of cities.

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    However, the big innovation was the introduction of a referee. Players did not directly control troop blocks on the game map. Rather, they wrote down their orders for their troops and gave them to the referee. The arbiter would then move the blocks across the game map according to how he judged the imaginary troops would interpret and carry out the players' orders. When the troops engaged the enemy on the map, it was the arbiter who rolled the dice, calculated the effects, and removed the dead units from the map. The game could also simulate the so-called fog of war, where the arbiter would place blocks on the map only for troops that were in visual range of both sides. The arbiter kept track of where hidden troops were and only deployed blocks for them when they were in sight of the enemy. The referee also refereed situations not explicitly covered by the rules, plugging any loopholes in the previous system. Naturally, this required the referee to be an impartial and experienced official.

    In the early 1480s, Barbatus's son was invited to present his wargame to the Emperor and his superior officers at the Imperial Palace. They were impressed and officially endorsed his game as a training tool for the officer corps. The Commander of the Praetorian Guard, declared: "This is not an ordinary type of game, it is an education for war. I must recommend it and I will strongly recommend it to the army." The Emperor ordered that each regiment receive a set of this new game which was called Strategus, after the Generals in command of the armies of Ancient Greece. Barbatus's son established a workshop whereby he could mass produce and distribute it. He sold the game material in a box at a price of 30 Denarii. This was thus the first wargame widely adopted by an army as a serious tool for training and research.

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    On the other hand, a group of engineers wanted to build an improvement on the usual material transport system where wagons (or trams) using wooden rails, pulled by horses, were used to facilitate the transport of barrels of ore to and from the mines. . With the introduction of mass steel, the wooden rails were replaced by steel. The transportation method known as Ferriviaria was a horse train or passenger tramway between Augusta Elysium and Mons Reial with a stop at Castellum Martiana on a 240 kilometer journey. The Ferriviaria Imperialis stood out for a series of wagons that included a sleeper train for those night journeys.

    This would lay the foundation for the Elysium rail system. For this reason, the aforementioned Engineers designed a system that dispensed with the horses that were necessary for a total of eight. The result was a Railway Electrification System: A system that supplies electrical energy to trains and trams thanks to a network of electrical cables suspended above the tracks that is used to transmit electrical energy to the electric motors of the trains. Which use a high electrical potential by connecting to feeder stations at regular intervals.

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    In metropolitan areas, the use of streetcars became popular for rapid connection, even leading to the formation of private companies with the aim of coordinating operations and projecting expansion. This on the other hand came with the creation of the Locomotives using steam engines that were created for the use of long distances, reaching the point of starting the creation of the Ferriviaria Transcontinens: A continuous railway line that would take years to create but gave thousands of jobs while emphasizing trade and transportation of material and people, even sending Legions to the Oxaca Province in a matter of days.​
     
    Chapter 40 Caesar Titus Claudius Corvus 2241 AUC / 1488 AD - 2260 AUC / 1507 AD
  • HERE WE COME
    HERE COME THE BOOM

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    While Elysium continued with the process of expanding its Railway. Caesar Corvus's reign was marked by rapid development and settlement in the provinces of Mexico, first by riverboats and later aided by the completion of the transcontinental railroad. Large numbers of freedmen took free or low-cost farms. At the same time that the discovery of gold, silver and copper mines became the engine of the economy in the region. Although most of the newcomers aspired to find gold and there were some small mines, the vast majority were content with the discovery of large deposits of silver.

    Caesar Corvus, seeing the prosperity of the Empire decided to build a monument to the prosperity of the Empire. The monument was a colossal sculpture of Venus Genetrix, a sculptural type showing the Roman goddess Venus in her aspect as a robed Genetrix ("foundress of the family"). She performing the Roman salute over her head with her right hand, and in her left hand she carries a tabula ansata inscribed with the date of the beginning of the Elysian Empire. A Gladius and a broken crown lie at her feet as she walks forward, commemorating military victories and the rejection of the monarchy.

    The monument's design contained elements of classical architecture, including Doric portals, as well as some elements influenced by Aztec architecture.

    In form, the structure was a truncated pyramid, 70 square feet at the base and 40 feet at the top. All four sides are identical in appearance. On top of that, a balcony was placed on each side, framed by pillars. A separate viewing platform was placed near the top of the plinth, on which the statue stands.

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    Apart from this statue, in Augusta Elysium it was decided to reform the Field of Mars. The reform was carried out by moving the field and building 11 square kilometers of urban complex. The objective of the new Campus Martius was that it would also be a parade ground so that 500,000 legionnaires could be deployed with 2,500,000 spectators in stands around the field. In addition, 100 cement towers were built that had statues of Roman Legionnaires on top in a resting position. Apart from the fact that in the box where an important person: Emperor, Dominarch, Senator or any politician or leader, could give a speech, two statues of Venus and Mars were made on top.

    But in October 1492, a flotilla of three ships that waved flags of golden castles with three battlements, masonry of sable and clear of azure together on a silver field, a rampant lion of purple, tongued and armed with gules, and crowned of gold. The design of the three medium-sized ships was reminiscent of an Ampluvis although the design was cruder. Even so, the Classis (Navy) stopped the overseas fleet and the Navis Legatus (Admiral) Quintus Fabius Maximus moved to start conversations with the newcomers since they obeyed the orders of the Marinus (Marine) although the Latin they spoke was a broken and corrupted version although they could understand each other in their own way.

    In the city of Portus Guainabo, the Navis Legatus Maximus and the Admiral, Christophorus Columbus conversed at length. The reappearance of Europeans on Elysium was met with disbelief and alarm from both the authorities and the population. The memories of the Viking invasion returned and a possible invasion by this kingdom called Castillae was feared. As a gesture of goodwill, the crew members were allowed to tour the city although they were forbidden to leave it and had to go unarmed under search and each accompanied by a slave who would serve as their guide and watchman.

    After a month of talks in which Columbus witnessed various weapons and ships in simulated combat that included the use of firearms, naval artillery and military training. This made Columbus return to Europe after that, carrying the news to the Catholic Monarchs. But with the discovery of Elysium, Castile who longed to find India and compete with Portugal in their commercial
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    monopoly that they had controlled since the early 1400s. Unlike the Portuguese whose main objective was trade, not colonization or conquest, whose trade brought the European market gold, ivory, pepper, cotton, sugar and slaves of great value. The Castilians soon thought of a more permanent colonial expansion similar to that carried out in the Canary Islands, in which they tried for the first time on a certain scale the experience of conquering, populating and administering a new territory, inhabited by unknown peoples, assimilating and Christianizing them in the process.

    A year later, Christopher Columbus began a journey to officially discover and take possession of the new lands for the Crown, later a month later, Christopher Columbus would reach what we know as Brazil, landing in what OTL would be known as Recife. After officiating the first mass, Columbus took possession of the land in the name of the Kings of Castile and began the construction of the first colonial settlement of Castile in America while a ship traveled the coast and began to name the main geographical features.

    In the middle of the reconnaissance, he found only the pernambuco wood as an exploitable resource, made of reddish wood that could be used in the dry cleaners that would later exploit the pernambuco wood, the first economic activity of the colony together with the subsequent sugar imported from the Canary Islands. By 1500 A.D he had managed to establish a large-scale sugar economy, thanks to a series of favorable conditions. In addition, he had access to a necessary workforce in the form of enslaved Indians. Finally, Castilla achieved a rapid penetration of sugar in European markets.​
     
    Chapter 41 Caesar Gaius Claudius Heracleitus 2260 AUC / 1507 AD - 2280 AUC / 1527 AD
  • Corvus's adopted son and successor was Gaius Claudius Heracleitus, a popular politician born in California. Heracleitus lacked experience in handling national security issues, he tried to reconcile the wishes of political parties to agree with foreigners, the Quirinfilius wanted to keep foreigners out, and the Martifilius wanted to go to war. But Heracleitus decided Elysium to foreign trade, while taking military precautions by tripling the Classis by expanding the fleet to 400 ships, deploying 300 in the Atlantic and 100 in the Pacific.

    At the same time, he decided to prepare a fleet whose mission was to make friendly visits to numerous kingdoms while displaying the might of the Elysium Empire. The purpose of the deployment was multifaceted. It apparently served as a model of goodwill, as the fleet visited various countries and ports. Furthermore, the voyage of the Grand Fleet demonstrated both within and to the rest of the world that Elysium was a great military and economic power. Such was the fame that it was called the China of the West due to the riches that were imagined in Elysium. The travel itinerary was as follows.
    Civil Lenape. - London - Amsterdam - Caen - La Coruña - Lisbon - Cadiz - Marseille - Genoa - Rome - Naples - Alexandria - Istanbul.​

    The Galleons captured the imagination of the naval powers while the image of the Legionnaires made the Swiss Pikemen, Spanish Tercios, Ottoman Janissaries and French cavalry obsolete.

    In the expedition, one of the most renowned events was the arrival in Rome, when Pope Julius II expressed his respect for the Legions of Elysium who did not disembark, they remained in the ports of Ostia respecting the ancient lex that no army of Rome would approach the city of Rome with the exception of that authorized by the Senate. In such a display of diplomatic character, the Elysian ambassadors were the first Elysians to pass through the Porta Ostiensis.

    "When we Elysians step into Italy and Rome. We only have this: a sense of melancholy and euphoria. Seeing the city of marble built by our ancestors for the first time gives us the sense of pride that we Elysians were proud for, built an empire that lasted through the passage of time. At the same time, sadness, for the ruins of Rome, were nothing but painful reminders of our once great empire. The Colosseum, the grandest symbols of Rome, was nothing more but a beautiful ruin full of shameful display. It's people tore it down for stones and quarries in exchange for the pride they no longer believe in. The aqueducts were in disrepair. It's temples were converted to churches, to spread the blasphemous ideas of the Pope. The Forums, a place of civilized discussion, now in ruins, replaced by the rhetoric and lies spewed by the church.

    The Europeans thought that we have perished, nothing more but a once proud empire that brought light to this world. Revering a once glorious past that they themselves destroyed. But we have survived, we have thrived, and we have been longing for our return. So long as there are Elysians, there is Rome. As long there is our Emperor sitting on our throne, there is Rome. So long there are our reminders and relics of the past, there was indeed a dream called Rome.

    The Light of Rome is still here, and it has not yet perished"


    But while the Grand Fleet toured Europe visiting the ports, being celebrities among numerous circles and even raising comments even from the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. It happened a remarkable was, the succession of the Crown of Castile and Aragon. Contrary to what happened originally, Miguel de la Paz, son of King Manuel I of Portugal and Isabel of Aragon, princess of Asturias and daughter of the Catholic Monarchs, survived while in order to deal with certain Castilian-Aragonese dissatisfaction, the Trastamara houses of Castile and Aragon and Avis of Portugal which would unify after the death of Isabel and Fernando, the Iberian Peninsula since the time of the Visigoth kings.

    But an event in Europe was of extreme mention: the web of political alliances made by Isabel de Castilla. Isabella of Castile had decided that to combat the power of the then hegemon of Europe: France, she should form a coalition capable of confronting them. Meanwhile, the Catholic Monarchs decided to begin the conquest of North Africa, with the argument of the continuation of the Christian Reconquest by the former Mauritania Tingitana province of Roman Hispania, and with the strategic objectives of preventing the North African kingdoms from undertaking a reconquest of Granada while eliminating the focus of Barbary piracy in the area.

    The war in North Africa began with the taking of Melilla by Pedro de Estopiñán in 1497 and continued after the death of Fernando II of Aragón, called "the Catholic" in 1516 through the use of the Militant Orders of the Peninsula: Order of Montesa , Order of Santiago, Order of Calatrava, Order of San Juan (Castile), Order of Alcántara, Order of Christo, Order of Santiago de la Espada, Order of Avis and Order of San Juan (Portugal).

    Other renowned events were the so-called Diplomatic Missions. A method copied from Elysium which in turn had its equivalent in the now extinct Byzantium. The first Diplomatic Missions were from: Castilla-Portugal-Aragon, France, Venice, Austria, England.

    To further this process, the Elysées used to overwhelm visitors with lavish displays. The riches of the Empire served the diplomatic purposes of the state as a means of propaganda and as a way to impress foreigners. When Gutierre Gómez de Fuensalida de Castilla was sent as ambassador to the capital of Elysium, he was overwhelmed by the residence, the lavish meals, and the acrobatic entertainment. He took special care to stimulate as many of the senses as possible: brightly lit things to see (the light bulbs), scary sounds (the coliseum games), tasty food (barbecue); even the diplomatic scenario of having natives standing around the throne wearing their native clothing.


    Writer's Note: The part of Miguel de Paz surviving, came after reading the A different 'Plus Ultra' - the Avís-Trastámara Kings of All Spain and the Indies, a work that I sincerely liked a lot and that could be easily complemented with the story although it would not be a total Copy. Apart from the fact that the dream of Isabel and Fernando was precisely to expand the Reconquest to North Africa.
     
    Elysean Armor during the XV Century.
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    Originally the Signifer did not wear wolf skin as is erroneously believed but given the scarcity of lions and the danger of overexploitation from bear hunting, a wolf skin was opted for although bear skin may be if available.
     
    Chapter 42 Caesar Gnaeus Claudius Ursinius 2280 AUC / 1527 AD - 2313 AUC / 1560 AD
  • Heracleitus's successor was his son who educated from a young age for the task of ruling the Empire. Gnaeus Claudius Ursinius had a thorough education, showing talent above all in mathematics and military subjects, he also learned history, philosophy, military technology, geography, literature as well as Greek and European Latin. As he grew older, Ursinius showed an authoritarian character mixed with a certain stubbornness and enormous pride, not without signs of humility and self-sacrifice. Gneus stood out in his military skills, proving to be a good swordsman, shooter and an accomplished horseman, so much so that at the age of 10 he killed his first Bull Moose in the and at 13 he killed a bear that earned him his cognomen "Ursinius": of the Bear. Later, Ursinius would be sent to the Bellica Academy where he would acquire the friendship of those who would be the beginnings of his so-called "Hetaroi".

    Ursinius, in his accession speech, proclaimed: "Born and educated in this great Empire, I glory in the name of Elysium. For this I will defend this great Fatherland as a mother bear defends her children." Although his accession to the throne was at first welcomed by politicians of all parties, the early years of his reign were marked by political instability, generated largely as a result of clashes between the Elyseans and the Christians. New Emperor immediately showed that he was a hard worker. Consul Vitellius stated that he had done more business with the Ursinius in ten minutes than with Heracleitus in the same number of days. Consul Calvus described him as an excellent businessman, asking enough questions to help him understand the matter, while others were afraid to ask questions lest they show his ignorance, and Ursinius asked too many questions and then didn't expect an answer. The Emperor went to great lengths to endear himself to the people to the point that he instituted a procedure in the Imperial legal code.

    Ensuring that crimes committed by patricians, which almost never happened before, could now be won by the plaintiff. This class-oriented system ensured that someone's judge was always of the same social order as they were, the plebs were henceforth judged by a plebeian judge, and so on. This did nothing but give amazing popularity. On the other hand, Ursinius distrusted foreigners such as the Spanish, which he recognized as a "prejudice that would threaten the values of Elysium as much as the Christians did in Rome". He also felt strongly that Elysium should not interfere in the internal affairs of other nations, which brought him into conflict with the interventionist Senator Matellus.

    On the other hand, Ursinius discovered the colonization and creation of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (OTL: Brazil.). The discovery of such a colonial state made Ursinius give permission to the fantasies of the Martifilius: The Military Expansion of the Empire. The objective was to expand the Empire to the lands of the Guna people (located in Panama and Colombia). On the eve of the conquest, the lands were dominated by various tribal states. In the centuries that passed, kingdoms and small empires had been forged that could be compared to the Russian Principalities of the Middle Ages before the Mongol invasion.

    The first of these kingdoms to fall were those established in the Yucatan Peninsula, a vast limestone plain in southeastern Mexico. The invasion of the Yucatan peninsula was hampered by its politically fragmented state. The Legions engaged in a strategy of concentrating the collaborating native populations in newly founded towns. The native resistance to the new settlements took the form of the flight to inaccessible regions such as the jungle or the union of neighboring Mayan groups that had not yet submitted and the confrontation that always ended in a massacre with few or no casualties among the Legions. due to their superior weapons, armor and combat training (remember that a legionnaire spends 5 years being trained before being deployed in a combat zone). But among the Maya, ambush was a favored tactic given its effectiveness.

    Commonly, when the Golden Eagle of the Legions was seen, the most "intelligent" caciques or connoisseurs of their fate if they resisted, offered gold, food, clothing and a group of young slave women in homage to the Elysées who soon destroyed any kind of breach of the religious tolerance of Elysium. Others, on the other hand, resisted and ended up condemning their people to slavery. Unfortunately, guerrilla warfare was a style of warfare known to the Elysians dating back to the Conquest of Hispania or Britannia. Unfortunately, one of the most common problems was tropical diseases that seemed to be used by the tribals. Therefore, a young officer suggested the idea of use viruses or bacteria capable of inflicting massive damage on an enemy rather than risk soldiers. The Civil War taught the high command many things about industrialized warfare. But the use of bioweapons was only used to a primitive degree: either by poisoning a water supply, sending out infected plague or other types of disease transmission. However, it is one thing to read about its use on distant battlefields. It is quite another to see a soldier full of pustules or other kinds of plagues. This style of devastating warfare was horrible, but effective. The young Centurion stated that while his firearms were proven and effective and his methods of warfare were indeed effective, he would still pale in comparison to the ability to deploy what he called "Terribilis Telum". Even so, the Emperor gave authority to begin experimentation with this
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    class of weapons on dangerous people and useless slaves.

    This led to the creation of Castrum Tartaros: A fortified complex built on the expanse of the California desert (OTL: Nevada), made up of a large hexagonal walled enclosure of reinforced concrete, with a large housing area. The only way to get to or from the base was through a long road that basically glows in the desert sun. The fort was a state-of-the-art building, with state-of-the-art laboratories for the time, a huge underground prison complex for test in human and animals subjects, air conditioning, electric generators, and fairly luxurious quarters for the troops, including a shooting range. All the soldiers responsible for the construction of the fort were stationed there as security detachments. Dominarch Gneus Julius Albus himself visited them to inspect the first biological weapons test. Suffice to say, the time was too long for immediate military application, but Castrum Tartaros remained operational and would begin conducting all sorts of gruesome experiments to track the progression of various diseases, as well as to determine new diseases that could be weaponized.

    During the Campaign, the legions ended up developing light infantry tactics. So by A.D. 1537, the Legions learned counter-insurgency fighting and the tribes by the time the Legions arrived, were fighting well organized and displaying orderly battle lines. Due to hostility, the native Nicarao were wiped out by a combination of the slave trade, disease, and warfare. It is estimated that up to two million slaves came from the region. By 1542 AD, the region was organized under the Provinces of Yucatan and Sterculia.

    Meanwhile, in Europe and North Africa, a direct commercial and cultural exchange between Elysium and the Old World was taking place. The Elysians were allowed to trade and create "Emporium" trading posts where they traded numerous items: Swords, armor, crossbows, bows, cloth, food seeds even animals and the almost present Chocolate which became synonymous with Elysium. At the same time, people were inspired by new ideas and fields of study. The Elysean books brought to Europe stimulated interest in learning, some physicians, for example, used concepts from Elysean medicine to help spark a revolution in European ideas about human anatomy. But on the other hand, knowledge of the usefulness of technology and firearms made some states consolidate their domains: The Iberian Peninsula led by Miguel de la Paz with his Hispanic Tercios, The Holy Roman Empire led by Charles V of Austria with his Landsknecht, The Ottoman Empire led by Suleiman "the Magnificent" with his Janissaries.

    At the same time, the introduction of better firearms techniques, and a new push toward total battle, away from traditional individual combat and concepts of honor and personal bravery, had particularly dramatic effects for several decades to come, to the point that by the 1560s thousands of gunpowder weapons were in use and began to have revolutionary effects on tactics, strategy, army compositions and fortification architecture although most nations had outdated and decentralized military forces compared to Elysium.

    Unfortunately, colonialism and the desire to have territories with which to extract exotic resources, made it difficult to colonize Cassiopeia (America), Africa was the objective of European colonialism. Initiating an aggressive competition for territorial acquisitions outside Europe and the emergence in the colonizing countries of doctrines of racial superiority that denied the suitability of the subjugated peoples for self-government. The European colonization of Africa involved the emigration of large numbers of settlers, soldiers and administrators with the intention of owning land and exploiting the apparently primitive (for Old World standards) indigenous peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa.

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    European colonialism highlighted by different variants. The most prominent were:

    Iberian Colonialism consisted of the creation of a new colonial society through the fusion of European culture with indigenous cultures, similar to the case of the Roman Empire.

    French Colonialism concentrated more on establishing fortified trading posts with a strong religious element while trading with tribal groups or establishing sugar fields or mines at key points.

    English Colonialism concentrated more on not integrating the subject peoples into their society, limiting itself to exterminating the local population to later occupy their territories where they transferred the entire European ways of life.

    By AD 1560. The following European countries had territories in Africa:

    Kingdom of Spain: Viceroyalty of New Spain (OTL: Brazil) and Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, Viceroyalty of Morocco (OTL: Morocco, Algeria), Viceroyalty of Mozambique, Viceroyalty of Angola and Viceroyalty of Buena Esperanza (South Africa.)
    Kingdom of France: Vice-royauté de Tunisie. (OTL:Tunisia)
    Kingdom of England: Colony of Goldcoast (OTL:Ghana)
    Habsburg Empire: Friedrichsburg (OTL:Namibia.)

    While on Elysium, cultural developments gave rise to many types of music, dance, literature, cuisine, and visual arts. It is important to note that Elysium as "Rome's heir" tends to be an exporter of culture, as well as absorbing other cultural traditions with relative ease, such as music, entertainment, and even clothing. The cities offer classical and popular music, scientific research centers, museums, musicals and plays, as well as artistic projects and world-class architecture. This development was the result of contributions from private philanthropists, as well as from the government.

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    At the same time, the Collegia (Latin singular Collegium) began to emerge, such as the Collegium Armariorum, which was mainly made up of the Gladiator area and the fight in the Arena, the Collegium Communionis Minirum, which was focused on the actors, even the Collegium Lupanariorum. who organized the brothels. But there was a Collegium that came as a surprise, this is that of the Velox thermopolia, a type of specialized establishment where food is prepared and served to be consumed on the street, which had a wide fame in the cities and Legions, especially there was special liked the isicia omentata, a type of hamburger made with minced meat, wine and pepper, which was also liberally poured with garum, a sauce made from fermented fish viscera, which was healthier and in itself much more nutritious than the that we know

    On the other hand, the use of electricity en masse led to the creation of more elaborate refrigeration systems, previously, people used axes and saws to collect ice for their primitive refrigerators. This method turned out to be difficult, dangerous, and certainly unlike anything that could be duplicated on a commercial scale. So a series of researchers tried to find a system that would allow them to store their dairy products, fish, meat and even fruits and vegetables in a cold and safe way. It would not be until years later that the first practical refrigeration system that worked with electricity. The refrigeration systems were large and cumbersome but they allowed the creation of refrigerated wagons that, with the dense railway network, became an extremely important link between the market and the farm, which meant a greater internal commercial impulse.

    The meat industry gave the first impetus to the demand for refrigerated railcars by giving the beefpacking industry dominance of the refrigerated railcar business with its ability to control ice plants and set icing fees. The refrigerator wagons made it possible to transport perishable crops hundreds and even thousands of kilometers or miles.
     
    Chapter 43 Caesar Amulius Claudius Ferrarus 2313 AUC / 1560 AD - 2340 AUC / 1587 AD
  • Ursinius's successor was Amulius Claudius Ferrarus, a young man who specialized in the Classis leading anti-piracy campaigns against the Muslim Pirates that populated the Mediterranean. Amulius, aged thirty-two, ascended the Imperial throne. There, he earned a reputation as an Industrialist by favoring industrialization including the electrification of rural areas with a flair for rhetoric; he openly defended the idea that Elysium should lead the way as an example of civilization, be it in culture, science and
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    military. This caused him to soon acquire a powerful control by the force of his personality and ideals.

    New inventions or innovations were produced, among them the Testudo maris: steam-powered warships protected by iron or steel armor plates, the Testudo Maris could be used for various roles, from high seas battleships, long transport cruisers range and coastal defense boats. This invention fueled the development of heavier naval guns, more sophisticated steam engines, and advances in metallurgy that made steel shipbuilding possible. Along with this came Naval Explosive Projectiles: The most practical threat to wooden ships was fire from red-hot conventional guns, which could lodge in a wooden ship's hull and cause a fire or explosion of ammunition. in case you have powder. But with explosive projectiles, it was only enough for the projectiles to hit to cause an explosion, it would produce the destructive effects equivalent to an exploding mine, which would produce an immediate destruction of the ship if it was made of wood.

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    While this was taking place, the Emperor continued his predecessor's decision to expand the Empire. By 1570, the Empire was beginning its expansion in North Colombia and the coasts of Venezuela even going to war with the Muisca Confederation of Colombia: a loose confederation of different Muisca rulers (zaques, zipas, iraca and tundama) in the central Andean highlands. Legionaries of Elysium Legionnaires marched towards the mountains, but faced a guerrilla war where the natives fought with fierceness, determination and great capacity for sacrifice, something that surprised many Legionnaires and learned to respect.

    The tribes though poorly armed. They obtained most of their material by looting transport caravans and used ancient techniques to make traps, such as camouflaged stakes covered in excrement to hasten gangrene. In addition, their adaptation to the terrain allowed them to live hidden or working during the day, to carry out all kinds of attacks and sabotage at night, using the terrain, the vegetation and "primitive" weapons: bows, spears and axes along with swords and maces. In this way the night really belonged to them, because during those hours, they were the ones who ruled the jungle. This was combined with the factor of diseases that plagued the rainy seasons and hot summers where the equator increased the effects even more.

    But on the other hand, the Emperor would decide like the Castilian Columbus did, to explore the west. For this reason, he ended up sending a flotilla of 12 Galleons from Aureum Ostium (San Francisco), in 1575. For two months, the flotilla sailed through the Pacific Ocean, anchoring for a few days in the Hawaiian archipelago, discovering that tribal chiefs ruled their settlements and maintained alliances with each other, conflicts and wars for dominance. Later they continued the trip, until at the end of June they reached the island of Kyushu, Japan.

    The Elyseans ended up meeting local Japanese people and Jesuit priests of Portuguese origin. The Diplomats of Elysium did not take long to combine Portuguese seafaring maps with those of Elysium and finally managed to make a map of the world, as a gesture of goodwill two copies of it were made and one was given to the Jesuits. Japanese officials ended up taking to the Elysians the greatest political leader in Japan. Which was had much in common with the Elysians, such as effectively uniformed and protected troops, widespread firearms and even reported that this Leader or Daimyo had ample possibilities to be a unifier of Japan. But he also had a bad reputation such as the use of dishonest military tactics, massacre of innocents and even the destruction of massive natural areas such as burning an entire mountain to finish off the enemy.

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    The Elysean Delegation arrived on June 29 at Nagashino Castle on the Shitarabara Plain in the Japanese province of Mikawa. A day earlier the Battle of Nagashino had occurred between the combined forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga against Takeda Katsuyori. The Delegation and Japanese officials witnessed what might be called the first "modern" Japanese battle, where 10,000 arquebusiers decimated 12,000 troops by using wooden palisades and revolving fire blasts to defeat Takeda's cavalry tactics, which they had achieved a certain supremacy due to their overwhelming numbers. Oda Nobunaga met with the diplomats at Nagashino Castle. In the interview, Nobunaga was very interested in the culture of Elysium comparing it to the European, which was still very new to Japan. The leader of the Elysians, Marcus Cornelius Marinus would write in his memoirs:

    "This Dux called Nobunaga of the Oda Family, has all the factors to unify this Kingdom fragmented in family feuds but all are unified in loyalty to an Invisible Emperor. Nobunaga is the Mario of this Kingdom."

    Marco Cornelius Marinus would be one of the first Elysians who would end up learning Japanese thanks to who would later be his wife Tokuhime of the Oda clan and widow of Matsudaira Nobuyasu, the first son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Trade with Japan began with Nobunaga who, due to his position of power, would have the benefits to the point where the title of Shogun became compared to Dominarch and the Tennō (emperor) with a position comparable to the Šāh of the Persian Empire.

    The relationship with Japan would be better compared to that of China, who engaged in silk trading in an exchange of Elysian silver for Chinese silk. Therefore, in the end Elysium would end up focusing on Japan. Elysium and Japan would end up developing a cultural exchange.

    By the end of Ferrarus's reign, advances in Elysean metallurgy allowed the construction of rifled breech-loading weapons that could fire at a much greater velocity. After the Imperial artillery was shown to have hardly changed since the Civil War, the Technaeum to design a new artillery piece. After numerous studies it was decided to design a lighter and more mobile field gun, with greater range and accuracy given the difficulties experienced by the Imperial Army in maneuvering their heavy field guns. The Techneum built a breech-loading weapon with a strong rifled barrel made of wrought iron wrapped around a steel inner casing, designed to fire a projectile instead of a ball. Three years later a five-pounder gun was ready for inspection by a government committee. The gun proved successful in testing, but the committee decided that a larger caliber gun was needed, so an 18-pounder gun of the same design was built.

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    After tests, this weapon was declared superior to all its rivals. The new gun used a "constructed" construction, comprising a steel "A" center tube supporting the bore over which several wrought iron coils were shrunk holding the center tube under compression, a breech, and a trunnion ring. In addition, a 38-groove rifling was applied along with a turn of one turn by 38 calibers. The cast-iron projectile had a thin layer of lead that made it slightly larger than the barrel of the gun and that engaged with the rifled grooves in the gun to impart spin to the projectile. This twist, along with the elimination of wind resistance as a result of the tight fit, allowed the weapon to achieve greater range and accuracy than existing smoothbore muzzleloaders with a smaller powder charge.

    At the top of each powder cartridge was a "lubricator" consisting of tallow and linseed oil between two tin plates, backed by a wad of beeswax-coated felt, and finally by cardboard. The lubricator followed the shell through the bore, the lubricant squeezed between the tin plates, and the wad behind it cleared away any lead deposits left on the shell plating, leaving the bore clean for the next round. An innovative feature more generally associated with this new generation of weapons was what was called its "grip", which was essentially a pressure port; the 6-inch bore at the muzzle end was of a slightly smaller diameter, which centered the projectile before it exited the barrel and,
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    at the same time, slightly depressed its lead casing, reducing its diameter and slightly improving its qualities. ballistics

    Breech loaders used a vertical sliding block, called a vent piece, which had a conical plug with copper rings on its front surface that sealed the firing chamber, to close the breech. To hold both the block and the plug firmly in place, the guns used a hollow breech screw (hence the name "screw breech") behind the block, which the gunner would turn to tighten and seal the breech before firing. The Elyseans used the new guns extensively to great effect in the conquest of what we now know as Colombia and Venezuela. As reported by Tribune Lucius Brutus, after an attack on a barbarian fortification:

    "Numerous dead barbarians lay around the guns, some of them terribly lacerated. The wall afforded the archers very little protection, and it was amazing how they managed to hold out so long against the destructive fire our new cannons poured down on them."

    Meanwhile the new Testuda Maris were complemented by the Testuda Altilium: A type of armored and armed vessel, carrying heavy weapons but having few other qualities as a warship. The role of the battery was to help bombard the coastal fortifications or defend the coast. These Floating Ironclad Battery were soon ashore and near the key docks of Elysium, ready to defend the Port.​

    You thought that Japan would be alone... Get ready to see the Demon King establish his Reign of Fire and Gunpowder in Asia.


     
    Chapter 44 Caesar Faustus Claudius Pertinax 2340 AUC / 1587 AD - 2363 AUC / 1610 AD

  • Ferrarus' successor was Faustus Claudius Pertinax. Of Native (by his mother) and Elysian (by his father) descent, Pertinax managed to make a place for himself in Elysium society and even had a prosperous political career, in which he became Governor of California. Pertinax stood out for trying to restore the union of Elysium with Europe, although political and religious differences and the constant state of war between the different European countries for political or religious reasons, made his work considered noble but useless.

    His reign began with the victory of Oda Nobunaga in Japan, after almost 120 years of civil war. At the same time, with the Cadiz Incident, when the English corsair Sir Francis Drake leads a raid in the Bay of Cadiz, sinking at least 28 ships of the Spanish fleet but an Elysium Trade Galleon ended up sunk off the coast of Cadiz. This at first raised complaints from Elysium against English piracy that began to apply commercial pressure although it was known that an attack on an Elysium ship was like a chihuaha puppy biting an adult and trained pitbull dog. This event was seen by Fernando II, son of Miguel de la Paz as an act where they could request the help of Elysium, but Elysium denied military aid.

    Elysium focused its foreign vision on possible allies, in Europe, this was the Ottoman Empire while in Asia it was Japan, which was now ruled de-facto by Oda Nobunaga who acted with the approval of the Emperor who had appointed him Shogun. A close relationship began to the point that Bushido's feeling ended up getting closer to the Elysium Legion. The way of the warrior turned out to be a moral code about the attitudes, behavior and lifestyle of the samurai. The soldier of Elysium, like the Japanese Samurai, thought that the greatest honor was to die for the Emperor or Elysium and that it was cowardice to surrender to the enemy. Thanks to this, many veterans of the Legion ended up going to Japan where they ended up serving as military instructors for the new born Imperial Japanese Army what was being formed at the initiative of Nobunaga Oda as Shogun. It was because of this, that Japan came under the power of the Oda clan, a militaristic and progressive clan in military-technological terms. Elysium-Japan relations began the process of industrialization in Japan, which led to its rise as a military power around 1595, under the motto "Enrich the country, strengthen the armed forces" (富国強兵, fukoku kyōhei). All thanks to the commercial relations between businessmen from Elysium and Japanese. The rapid industrialization and modernization of Japan allowed and required a massive increase in production and infrastructure. Japan built industries such as shipyards, iron foundries, and spinning mills, which were later sold to entrepreneurs. Furthermore, industrialization went hand in hand with the development of a national rail system.

    Slowly other nations, hearing news of how a state that less than thirty years ago was in a civil war, was now being helped by Elysium in civil terms. Therefore, one afternoon on March 3, 1600, Sultan Mehmed III met with the Ambassador of Elysium; Lucius Septimius. A month later, the Nizam-i Cedid (Ottoman Turkish: New Order') was launched, a series of reforms in a campaign with military and economic objectives. The Nizam-i Cedid would make public administration run directly by the state. The administration would henceforth be exercised by the Sublime Porte and by public officials specially appointed for such purposes. All functions of public administration should fall into the hands of professionals. The appointment of officials would take into account only their preparation and competence. They would only be promoted on their merits and should receive a good salary to avoid corruption.

    Nizam-i Cedid carried out a complete modernization of administrative techniques. This would be possible thanks to the professionalism of public officials and the development of laws and clear indications. The rendering of accounts to the authorities would be regular and periodic, and the inspection would be carried out permanently, being able to replace the official who did not fulfill his functions. The obligatory and immediate observance of the law was constituted. The reforming goal consisted of the formula: "I obey, comply and report having done so quickly and accurately."

    Economic activities were strengthened and regulated. The Ottoman Empire had to recover trade and combat smuggling. The tax system was improved. Taxes were also increased and customs were created, responsible for collecting taxes on domestic and foreign trade. Nizam-i Cedid attempted to revive trade by creating privileged trading companies. Instruction was also subject to reform; primary education remained in the hands of religious orders due to the lack of competent teachers. However, university education was thoroughly reformed. New higher education institutions were created, which were administered by the State, such as the Mining College; in them the scholarship provision system was implanted. The scientific academies completed the reforms in this field.

    While in the army, an ambitious military reform effort, aimed at securing the Ottoman Empire, began. The sultan and those around him were conservative and wanted to preserve the status quo. No one in power in the Empire had any interest in social transformation. The Ottoman imperial army had become inefficient and antiquated. The old system depended on the janissaries, who had largely lost their military effectiveness, replacing bureaucrats who at the slightest sign of trouble banged their pots in rebellion. Elysium sent military officers as advisers, but their abilities to enact change were limited. But none of them could do much. The result though was that the Sublime Porte now had an efficient army, trained, and equipped with modern weapons by European standards. However, it had fewer than 10,000 soldiers in an era when European armies were ten to fifty times larger.

    The Sultan then set out to replace the Janissaries with other regular troops. Although in the Janissary Uprising, the newly formed Army was confronted against the Janissaries in the streets of the capital to the point that the Sultan had to make a deal with the Janissaries whereby Janissary children became members of the Corps and the Ottoman was abandoned. practice of forcibly recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their Balkan Christian subjects. The Janissaries then became an elite assault corps while the regular army occupied other combat positions. His foreign baptism of fire would be in Africa against the Iberian Empire (Portugal, Castile and Aragon unified), being the first battle in the Eyalet of Tripolitania.
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    Meanwhile, in Elysium, the relations of Japan and Elysium meant that many Patrician and Equite families had brought some culture from Japan. Kyūdō or Archery became popular as a pastime with competitions, while at the initiative of Oda Nobunaga, a particularly avid fan of this sport, Sumo was broadcast. Sumo originated from an agricultural ritual dance performed in prayer for a good harvest, but during the Kamakura period (1185–1333), sumo evolved from a ceremonial fight to a form of military combat training among samurai and for By the Muromachi period (1336–1573), sumo had completely left the isolation of the court and became a popular event for the masses, and patronizing wrestlers became common among daimyō to the point that sumotori (wrestlers) Those who successfully fought for a daimyō's favor received generous support and samurai status. Oda Nobunaga came to hold a tournament of 1,500 fighters in February 1578.

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    Aside from martial arts, Japanese cuisine also thrived on Elysium. Rice along with wheat and soybeans were introduced among the circles of businessmen and wealthy families. In traditional Japanese cooking, oil and fat are generally avoided in the cooking process, because the Japanese were trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which was favored by the Elysians. But it was one day, when a young Elysian entrepreneur and a Japanese chef decided to create nigiri-zushi, a type of sushi in which seafood is placed on hand-pressed vinegared rice. It was the first time that rice was not used for fermentation. The rice was now mixed with vinegar, with fish, vegetables, and dried foods added. This type of sushi became very popular to the point that Oda Nobutada ended up favoring this food.

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    In 1604, at the age of 70, Oda Nobunaga Shogun of Japan decided to invade Joseon. The core of the Japanese forces was formed by the Imperial Japanese Army, composed of two classes of troops. The Samurai Legions and the Ashigaru Legions. The former were made up of well-trained, confident, and experienced professional infantry after the numerous battles and conflicts of the Sengoku period and Elysian training. The Samurai warrior also applied psychological warfare by wearing an iron mask in battle with a mustache made of horsehair and a "sinister smile" attached to the outside. To the point that the Koreans called the Samurai "The Smiling Demons"

    The Ashigaru Legions on the other hand were recruited and trained peasants, most of whom had not fought in the Sengoku wars except for the older ones who held positions of command. Commanding the Ashigaru was Toyotomi Hideoyoshi while the Samurai were led by Tokugawa Ieyasu, both faithful allies of Nobunaga during the Sengoku Wars and veteran commanders. Precisely Toyotomi was called as "Nobunaga's Shugoki" when in 1582, Toyotomi managed to save Nobunaga during the incident at the Honnō-ji temple when the samurai general Akechi Mitsuhide tried to kill Nobunaga in Kyoto. Luckily, Ashigaru loyalists to Nobunaga warned Toyotomi, who abandoned the campaign against the Mōri clan to go save the lord from him.

    The naval component of the Invasion was made up of 1,000 ships but the majority were small transport junks. The Japanese Navy had a group of men with naval experience, whose tactics were boarding and capturing the rival ship. The Japanese sailors found in the arquebus an ideal weapon to sweep enemy decks as a preliminary step to boarding and end up in hand-to-hand combat. Nobunaga negotiated with a Jesuit the purchase of two Portuguese warships (galleons), with the intention of using them in the invasion; however his expectations were dashed when the Portuguese refused to consummate the deal but instead the Elyseans agreed by selling 20 ancient Galleons. Unlike European designs, the Japanese ships can be considered floating fortresses. They used oars for propulsion, as their full iron plating, if any, as well as their bulk (i.e. the weaponry and people they carried) prevented wind propulsion through the sails.

    When the invasion began, the Koreans did not take as dangerous the previous reports of accumulation of ships, they dismissed action since the fleet was considered as merchant ships on a commercial mission. But it changed when on May 23, 1592 the fleet landed in Pusan and with an overwhelming force they fought intense combats, where the Joseon forces put up a strong resistance, but later withdrew in the face of the use of the Ashigaru's arquebus fire and the impact that supposed to face the veterans Samurais

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    Finally, on June 10, Japanese troops reached Hanseong (Seoul). A Korean force of about 1,000 men was waiting on the other side of the Han River, having destroyed all the boats in the area. The Korean commander panicked at the approach of the Japanese force in formation and fled, immediately scattering his men. Thus, the Japanese were able to cross without opposition, after having built makeshift rafts, but the process was forced to last for several hours, but to the Japanese surprise, the high walls of Hanseong (Seoul) were unguarded. When they managed to enter through the grappling ladder to the walls and the opening from within, Hanseong (Seoul) was partially looted. Originally it had a garrison of about 7,000 men, most of them poorly equipped and who would have a hard time defending the massive city wall. Given the situation, it had been decided to evacuate King Seonjo, as well as the entire court, taking refuge in Pyongyang. The departure of the king had unleashed panic in the civil population of the city who had fled in large numbers, while others had taken advantage of it to loot and destroy; not only from palaces but also and intentionally from various government buildings such as the slave registry. The only Korean consolation is that the looting and destruction deprived the conquerors of considerable loot, since the Joseon court in its flight had left behind warehouses full of food, weapons, as well as much of the royal treasure, although the Japanese ended up killing and enslaving a good part of the population including the mass rape of numerous women by order of Oda Nobunaga and doing this honor to his nickname of Demon King of the Sixth Heaven under the argument. "May they suffer as much as they should have defended their country."

    Elysium on the other hand, ended up organizing the recently conquered territories as Venetia (OTL: Venezuela), Nova Britannia (OTL: Colombia). Besides, there was the deforestation of Darien, an event where thousands of slaves began to cut down and deforest a route for a railway that crossed the Darien Gap: consisting of a large watershed, forest, and mountains. Previously, traveling through the Darien Gap could take place but the conditions are very difficult, being one of the rainiest and most dangerous places on the planet. The rain produces flash floods that can cause thousands of deaths. It is necessary to bring food, a tent and enough water purification materials for a walk of several days, given the absence of a system of stations. Remains of deceased people are often found. They die because they are too exhausted to continue or have a problem (such as blisters) that requires treatment. There is absolutely no medical help available and no way to evacuate someone sick, injured or simply exhausted. A broken leg is usually fatal. Insects are heavy and snakes and carnivorous mammals are not lacking.

    When the railway was finished, around 250,000 slaves were given their freedom and in a gesture of generosity, they were offered land in the Yucatan but atleast 300,000 die by diseases, floods or even wild animals. At the same time, the first Electrical telegraph was created, which increased the pace of communication between places and at the same time had military applications by allowing immediate military communications of vital importance. Although this threatened the existence of the postal service, it would still be centuries before its reduction of activity. The postal service would continue to carry cheap packages and messages.
     
    Chapter 45 Caesar Sextius Furius Curiatus 2363 AUC / 1610 AD - 2383 AUC / 1630 AD
  • Elysium's expansion has always been driven by a desire for control, security, and no small amount of national self-aggrandizement. Therefore, when Caesar Pertinax died of mysterious causes, it was not long before his successor was chosen. A Senator of the Gens Furius named Sextius Furius. Sextius Furius was a politician who in his youth had traveled to Europe, seeing the soul of each nation be it England, Iberia, France, Germany, Italian cities, even the Ottoman Empire. The Elysean Empire is a strange and Byzantine fusion of the progressive Roman way of life and the Modern industrial way of life. The capital of Augusta Elysium and the cities of Civis Lenape are modern examples of urban cities of ancient Rome; The Villas are massive plantations surrounded by fields and highly rated family businesses.

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    But when Sextius Furius rose to power, Elysean slavery was prevalent in most unskilled jobs: Unskilled slaves worked on farms, mines, and mills. While those with skills worked in domestic services and could even be employed in highly skilled jobs and professions be it Accountants and doctors. Slaves were initially considered property under the law and had no legal personality. Most of the slaves would never be freed. Unlike citizens, slaves could be subjected to corporal punishment, sexual exploitation (prostitutes were often slaves), torture, and summary executions. However, over time, the slaves obtained greater legal protection, including the right to file complaints against their masters in the event of cruel or unfair treatment by their owners, in these cases and if they were favorable to the Slave, This became a slave of the state where as a rule they were treated without ill treatment but neither benefits.

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    But to the Slaves of Elysium, these laws made no difference. For this reason, an uprising began in the Aztecus Province on August 13 of the same year, during a slave festival (servorum dies festus) where a reversal of roles was applied: the matron of the house washed the heads of her slaves, as well as your own. However, that day, unrest bubbled up among the slaves and finally boiled over when a slave who took to calling himself Spartacus as a nom de guerre claimed to have been wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death for his Domina's murder. Before he could be executed, his friends fell on the executioners, and during the fighting Imperial forces killed several civilians, including several children. This and Spartacus' gift for delivering fiery speeches against the Empire were enough for a hastily assembled militia to storm the local army headquarters, take up arms there and massacre the soldiers garrisoning it by surprise. Spartacus then rallied the nearby townships to his cause, and the militia grew to almost five hundred thousand men and women in a few months. Instead of training for the inevitable retaliation, they regularly paraded and revealed in their high spirit of optimism and triumph.

    Due to the importance of Aztecus, the Empire sent a force from the East to stop the rebellion. Learning of this, Spartacus led the militia to meet them, swelling their ranks further as they marched. After a week's trek, they took up defensive positions in the Atlapech hills that would give the battle its name, occupying the high ground between the ruins of an ancient Aztec castle and a swamp, waiting for their enemy to appear. A force made up of two Legion arrived and took a line opposite the militia about a kilometer away, waiting for them to make the first move. Bolstered by their numbers, the untrained and undisciplined militia charged down the slope en masse at the troops, firing weapons and shouting war cries as they advanced in a line up to seven men deep.

    The Legionnaires stood their ground, waiting for the militia to approach before firing their cannons with shrapnel rounds. The first five ranks of the militia were horribly mutilated, including Spartacus, whose lower body had been completely torn to
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    shreds. To the point that he fell legless in front of the Legionnaires, the rebel slaves stood in frozen shock before they broke and fled screaming back into the hills. Despite the fact that the enemy had been defeated by the first barrage of bullets, the Legionars began to pursue them with their bayonets as the cavalry advanced, massacring everyone in their path. Those who tried to surrender or beg for mercy were also methodically killed.

    In less than an hour, the once-audacious horde of five hundred thousand slave rebels, who saw themselves as the noble spark of the rebellion that would see the rebirth of a free Mexico, was completely annihilated, with no survivors. It would also be revealed that Spartacus had assaulted and murdered her Domina after raping her when she saw him getting drunk, exposing him as a babbler who simply exploited those around him and ultimately led hundreds of thousands to their deaths. The end of this rebellion made it necessary for Elysium to create a Militia Force financed and trained by the State to serve to secure the Empire's borders, combating Rebellions and organized crime, protecting public order and guarding important places. The name of this force would be Auxiliarum Militiarum (National Guard). The first activities of this Auxiliarum Militiarum was to put an end to banditry on the roads of the Empire, particularly to stop the assaults on trains in progress since numerous groups had committed numerous robberies and robberies of businessmen, street vendors, travelers and even tourists. While this was happening, in Joseon the situation was different.

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    Oda Nobunaga decided to take command of offensive operations while leaving his son Nobutada in Japan. Nobunaga, commanding an army of samurai, decided to advance across the Imjin River deep into the north. The Japanese burned and slaughtered their way, determined to claim as much territory as possible, even going as far as taking no slaves, butchering entire towns just to deny a fifth column. Total conquest was imminent and many knew what was coming. In the simplest terms, the slaughter went the way of the Japanese legions, on a scale that cannot be described. The Demon King of Oda ordered the burning of thousands of innocents who took refuge in cities. Japanese forces literally pushed thousands of Koreans with weights chained to their ankles and children handcuffed to their parents onto ships where they would serve as slaves. These ships would receive the name of Hell Ships since the screams that came from there made anyone think that they came from Hell.

    As the invasion proceeded, the Joseon court was reluctant to ask the Ming for help. They were concerned about giving the Chinese an opportunity to interfere in Korean political dynamics, just as some courtiers expressed that bringing in Ming troops would be not only an expense in providing sustenance for them, but also a disruption of the peaceful life of the cities through which the Ming troops passed. troops. Once the Korean Army was seen to be unable to stop the Japanese, this fear faded into the background; especially after the court had to leave Seoul. For their part, the Chinese received the request for Korean help with caution. It was possible that it was a trap and the Koreans were in cahoots with the Japanese; so they first waited for the report from their emissaries in Korea. They confirmed to Beijing that the rapid Japanese advance was not due to Korean betrayal and that the Koreans were taking heavy casualties trying to stop the Japanese, who were using European weaponry. The formal decision to intervene was made in the end, although a small force (1,000 men) had previously been sent across the border, the one King Seonjo encountered on his flight from Pyongyang. The problem was that at the moment the Wanli Emperor was unable to send any large forces into Korea, as Northern troops were engaged in an Ordos campaign to crush a rebellion in Ningxia.

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    All that could initially be mustered was an army of 5,000 men (much of it cavalry) under the command of the second chief of the border province of Liadong: Zu Chengxun. Upon his arrival in Korea, Chengxun boasted that with 3,000 men he had defeated 100,000 Mongols, so it would not be difficult for him to disperse the Japanese bandit army to the four winds. Previous Korean defeats hardly caught the Chinese's attention as they simply concluded that the Koreans lacked true martial skills. Zu Chengxun took command of an army of 6,000 men and quickly moved against Pyongyang. He arrived at the city under the cover of heavy rain that masked his progress. The Chinese troops took the Japanese rear guard by surprise and easily penetrated the city. The Japanese were totally taken by surprise and grabbing the weapons closest to hand ran to the walls to fight desperately. At first they imagined that they were already lost by having the enemy inside the city, but when the situation became clearer and they realized that they outnumbered the enemy, they gained confidence. The Chinese army soon found itself trapped between a series of streets and a section of the wall, with its troops scattered in small groups and unable to withstand coordinated Japanese counterattacks. The rain had stopped and the Japanese arquebusiers fired at will against the boxed-in Chinese, who had lost all momentum of the initial attack. Zu Chengxun ordered the retreat and the Chinese troops fled, pursued by the Samurai cavalry who caught many of them. The Chinese expeditionary force had suffered some 3,000 casualties, and Chengxun "the victor over 100,000 Mongols" fled to Liaodong, telling King Seonjo that he was executing a tactical withdrawal. Upon his return to China he informed the Wanli Emperor that due to "lack of Korean support" the Japanese had not been expelled.

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    The Korean Navy had been the first to be destroyed by the seemingly unstoppable Japanese war machine. When the Japanese Sea Lords used pirates for their destruction. Chinese intervention would be another setback, but it would take a while to have an effect. Japanese plans provided for the assimilation of the Korean provinces. Therefore, the invasion was based on the assumption that Korea itself could provide the means, especially the logistics, to make it feasible. Oda Nobunaga seeing the greater resistance that was applied in the north, gave freedom for the "Sankō Sakusen" which translated meant Three Alls strategy. This strategy was inspired by the Elysea Annihilation tactics carried out during the conquest of Mexico to "pacify" the province, which was a hotbed of guerrilla resistance. The strategy was to burn down villages, confiscate food and livestock, and mobilize peasants. These operations were aimed at the destruction of "enemies posing as locals" and in some cases "all men between the ages of fifteen and sixty whom we suspect to be enemies."

    Sankō Sakusen proved to be an effective strategy to the point that in the first year of the war alone, the Kingdom of Joseon lost the vast majority of its cities, crucial to the continuation of the conflict. Famines in the rest of the free Joseon territory and a lack of weapons or fit men meant that there was little resistance against the Final Offensive. Although Joseon fought with one foot in the grave of their proud nation, their declared fanatical defenses in the name of preserving Joseon racked up more unsustainable casualties. Japan's victory was inevitable, it was only a matter of time. King Seonjo of Joseon rejected his courtiers' pleas for peace and the war continued. It took the Japanese two years to fully conquer the peninsula in a ruthless and cruel manner that made the Mongol Conquests look like a peace delegation. In the last battle, Manpo became little more than a gigantic heap of ash and crushed stone.

    On the ruins of the Manpo Fortress, the triumphant Japanese raised the banner and emblem of the Shogun clan: The Oda clan. Later began a process of pacification that took 7 months and a no small amount of war crimes that included the establishment of brothels for Japanese where Japanese women and girls were subjected to work while businessmen took control of the economy of the Japanese Joseon for their own personal benefit and for the national benefit. Massive mineral wealth began to flow into the Japanese economy, and its strategic position makes it invaluable. Another interesting phenomenon has been the intermarriage of many low-ranking Japanese Samurai families with the Joseon elite, forming a somewhat genealogically entangled Joseon ruling class which ensured that in the event of a general revolt, all noble families were already related to Japan. either by having children half-japanese.

    In the Iberian colonies, the Conquistadores promoted modernization. Infrastructure was improved, literacy was improved, industry was developed, and a militia was instituted capable of defending the colony in the event of a native uprising, tribal attack, or even another nation such as the English, Dutch, even the French trying to to invade them. The Iberians followed the example of the Romans when it came to establishing a colonial government, acquisition of these territories created a great economic boom as fortune seekers and families emigrated to the colonies of New Spain (Brazil), Rio de Plata (Argentina). and Uruguay), Morocco, Angola, Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) or Mozambique. While in North-Central Africa, in Libya a war was waged against the Ottoman Empire between the Janissaries and the Iberian Tercios together with the French.

    England started a campaign focused on improving their nation with the income obtained thanks to Piracy, this campaign paved the way towards industrialization: Hundreds of markets, ports, industries, buildings and transport links began to be built and many small towns were being built. expanding, through new commercial and industrial opportunities, especially cloth manufacturing, mining or agriculture. This made it so that one afternoon, The Company of Merchant Adventurers of London brought together the leading foreign merchants of London into a regulated company, in the form of a guild. The main business of its members was the export of cloth, especially white (undyed) woolen cloth. This allowed them to import a wide range of foreign products. Which involved building a global trade network for its merchants, manufacturers, carriers and financiers.

    But a notable fact was when in 1623, the Theft of the Minerva occurred. A group of slaves opposed to Elysium and who had received professional and scientific training, ended up fleeing by stealing several boxes full of books with technical and scientific information. This leak was not detected until the Slave Owners were found; well-known doctors and academics, dead in their homes. The Minerva was the ship stolen and used by these slaves to escape. The Classis received information of the escape but due to the long reaction time, the Minerva was not found until the diplomatic service and espionage managed to find one of the slaves living in a Villa in the Italian Peninsula, fifteen years later. The leak of information made Europe manage to take a leap forward advancing to a level equivalent to fifty years behind Elysium. It soon became clear that Europe and its colonies would begin to industrialize because it did not take long for the first Testudos to be discovered by the Iberian Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to be followed by others, although each country gave its variant. name: Iberia was the "Carros de Batalla", France was the "Char de Bataille", the German countries were the "Panzerkampfwagen" while the Poles were "Czołg" and the Ottoman was "Ejder"

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    This information leak though weakened Elysium's technological supremacy. It did not stop technological advances, the last of which in the military field was the Convitia mechanism (OTL: Caplock / Percussion). The main factor behind the Convitia mechanism was the discovery of fulminates (chemical compounds that are unstable, causing them to explode in environments of friction and impact). Convitia was made of brass or copper with one sealed end and one open end to allow mounting on the nipple. The sealed end contained a shock-sensitive explosive which, when struck by the hammer, ignited the powder in the cartridge through a series of sparks or flames that traveled down the hollow nozzle (on which the cap was mounted) and They lit the gunpowder. . Convitia caps also vary in size, usually to fit the size of the nipple. This meant that a variety of caps became available, designed for both pistols and rifles. Sizes would also vary due to the amount of explosive needed to ignite the powder.

    Along this come the first Rockets. These rockets came from their contacts with Europe and Asia. Especially thanks to the work of the Polish-Lithuanian nobleman Kazimierz Siemienowicz: Artis Magnae Artilleriae pars prima ("The Great Art of Artillery, Part
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    One", also known as "The Complete Art of Artillery"), a basic artillery manual. The book provided the standard designs for making rockets, fireballs, and other pyrotechnic devices. Along with a lengthy explanation of the calibration, construction, production, and properties of rockets for both military and civilian uses, including multi-stage rockets, rocket batteries, and rockets with delta-shaped stabilizing fins instead of typical guide rods. The Elysées decided to call these rockets by the name of Mittere (“to send” in Latin). The Mittere initially stood out as an attraction for social events or festivities due to the light show they made in the sky when they exploded.

    But it was Ballistarius Doctor who decided to improve the design. Using iron tubes to hold the propellant, achieving greater thrust and longer range for the projectile (up to 2 km range), and a considerable effect against infantry and cavalry. The first field test occurred using several death row inmates chained to a target area as living targets. The second inside a Hut and the third was against a wooden boat on a lake. The test against living beings gave an optimal result where the survivors within the impact zone would have at least lacerations and shrapnel wounds. Against structures it turned out to be necessary a higher charge while on ships it was useful since it could destroy or burn the wood. Soon the Mittere began to be attached to the Artillery sections in the Legions.
     
    Chapter 46 Caesar Publius Furius Lanius 2383 AUC / 1630 AD - 2416 AUC / 1663 AD
  • HERE IT IS... THE WORSE. THE CRUEL. THE BRUTAL. THE BIG BAAAD SLAUGHTER. LAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANIUS.
    Just yesterday was my birthday soooo.


    Although Rome and later Elysium had good-natured, militaristic and even innovative leaders. I never get to have Broken Leaders. This was the son and successor of Sextius Furius Curiatus: Publius Furius Lanius. Publius was a vigorous young man, charismatic, generous, and capable of being gentle. That as a good young man, he ended up enlisting in the Legions and sent to the South Cassiopeia Front but was captured by the local tribes during a patrol. During the five years that he was missing, he was subjected to torture where he was seriously injured, his captors refused to treat him. He was beaten and interrogated to the point that he was left without food and to the savage amusement of his captors, he was fed the corpses of his comrades even when he knew the meat was human until at the slightest opportunity best presented, he escaped...

    With scars that would make the most veteran legionnaire scream with fear and terror and deformed due to the fact that his right hand lacked fingers as these amputated, his left eye was absent while a three-cut scar ran diagonally across that eye, the nose and lip starting from the temple on the left side and ending at his jaw a little distance from the right ear. Publius managed to escape arriving after crossing 500 kilometers of mountains and jungle. Publius was deeply affected by the torture inflicted by the Barbarians. This fact made Publius feel a dislike and hatred towards those Cassiopea tribals. Publius after graduating, made a political career. His closeness to the Emperor made him adopt him and name him successor, such an event was well seen by the Militaristic faction because they knew that a Caesar who had fought in the so-called Wars of Expansion as the conflicts to expand the Empire in the south were called, support the armed forces. Such event was supported when the ascension of the Marble Throne, the Aenator were born: psychologist and Political Officers.

    The Aenator designates the psychologist assigned to each century who acts as morale officer. Its purpose is to enliven the esprit de corps of the troops, helping them keep fighting and reminding them what motivates them as individuals within the military. Aenatores are trained to monitor the mental states of soldiers for signs of trauma, stress, depression, and intentions to mutiny or desert. It officially became a post due to reports, where soldiers questioned the purpose of invading such a defenseless and primitive land and many refused to go forward with missions to destroy enemy settlements or execute prisoners. The Aenator had a military rank equivalent to that of unit commander to which he was attached; furthermore, the Aenator also had the military authority to override the unit commander's orders at any time should the soldiers exceed the mental threshold on the verge of breaking down.

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    The beginning of the reign of Publius Furius Lanius was marked by a tour throughout the Empire. From the newly built Nova Carthago (OTL:Maracaibo) to the Colonia Castora Limitense (OTL:Edmonton). This was largely achieved thanks to the newly built Ferriviaria Continentalis Imperialis; which played a vital role in transporting military personnel, equipment and merchandise. The Railways had evolved to the point where many had kitchen facilities, bars and bedrooms. Such was the importance that there was a ministry for the administration, planning and expansion of the railways, while the railway allowed a high transport of goods, it also allowed a Legion to be mobilized in a short period of time where the unit is most needed . This fact led to the creation of a branch whose objective was to carry out the tasks of railway services (preparation, construction, reconstruction and protection of railway objects).

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    Lanius would instead focus his attention on Industrializing the Empire. Lanius would be the first Elysian leader to establish the five-year plan system. These plans focused on rapid industrialization to the point where the first automatum tractorium (OTL: Tractors) were created: Motorized vehicles designed to pull or push trailers, boats, implements, or other machinery or heavy loads. The use of the Tractorium increased the production of crops to the point that tractor stations were established where the rental and maintenance of agricultural machinery for independent farmers was established. Tractoriums began much experimentation, but by the late 1640s the standard form of the traction engine had evolved and would change little in the following decades, being widely adopted for agricultural use or for transporting heavy loads on public roads, even building roads and flatten the land.

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    The central aspect of the first five-year plan was the rapid industrial modernization of the Empire. The need for rapid industrialization was caused by the fear of an imminent war against Europe. During these periods, massive industrial centers arose in previously isolated areas. These factories were not only for war production, but to produce materials to meet civilian needs whether they be agricultural or service. The Colonia Ulpia Commodona tractor plant was built to play an important role in the rapid industrialization of the Mountains, working to transport shipments of materials from the mines and quarries to the factories. One of the largest industrial cities was Colonia Hohokamus. His plan was to turn it into a one-industry town. The city would become the largest steel producer in that area of the Empire until it could compete with Nova Toletum Emerita.

    In the midst of all this, Lanius began a large-scale exploration and colonization of Terra Barbarus Septentrionalis. Lanius gave freedom to colonize "the abundant and irreducible northern region". The conquest of the region began in May 1650 when some 845 Adventurers under the command of Quintus Cornelius Audax crossed the border. After a series of retaliatory native raids against the Elysian advance, Audax's forces prepared for a long campaign. After a three-day battle, Quintus was victorious against a combined force of seven tribes. On June 29, the forces came under fire, but were repelled again. To subjugate the natives and collect a tribute of furs, a series of winter outposts and forts were built at the confluences of major rivers and streams and important ports. The first among these were Castra Klondike (OTL: Whitehorse) and Yaghanen (OTL: Anchorage). Castra Tidee (OTL:Yellowknife) would become the nerve center of the conquest.
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    Arriving in an area occupied by a tribe of natives, the Elysians began peace talks with a proposal to submit to the Emperor and pay tribute in furs, but these negotiations did not always lead to successful results. When their pleas were rebuffed, the adventurers chose to respond with force. Within 5 years the adventurers killed many people, including members of the Taku, Tsimshian and others tribes. The tribals initially abandoned their villages fearing the reported cruelty of the Elysians the first time they arrived. The second time he came, the Taku, for example, fought against the Elyseans, but were massacred, the women being sold to the adventurers, many of whom ended up treating them more like sexual objects than anything else, and the children like workers. The border territory meant that many tribals did not know how to speak Latin and only their Masters knew how to communicate

    Smallpox epidemics reduced the number of Tribals by about 44 percent. The disease moved quickly from one group to another across the North. Mortality rates in epidemics reached 50 percent of the population. The scourge returned at intervals of twenty to thirty years, with terrible results among the young. In Alyeska, the settlers crushed Yupʼik uprisings. The first time the natives were armed with primitive weapons and were poorly prepared and equipped, but they used gunpowder weapons the second time. The Elysians faced stiffer resistance as they tried to subjugate the Yupʼiks equipped with weapons and bows until their victory. The result was mass killings and the enslavement of women and children. The settlers' slaughters devastated the native peoples also devastated wildlife by slaughtering vast numbers of animals for fur to the point that the Emperor had to intervene and regulate hunting.

    But it was in 1655 when the Emperor decided to begin the great dream that he had had since he returned from his ordeal. The Conquest of the Inca Empire. The Inca empire or Inca empire was the largest empire in South Cassiopeia. It arose in the region of the Peruvian Andes between the XV and XVI centuries as a consequence of the expansion of the curacazgo of Cuzco, being the second historical stage and the period of greatest apogee of the Inca civilization. It covered 2,500,000 km² between the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Amazon jungle to the east, from the Ancasmayo River to the north to the Maule River. The Incas consider their king, the Sapa Inca, as the "son of the sun". The Inca economy was described by scholars: as a "Social Planned Economy". The Inca empire lacked a currency or markets. Instead, the exchange of goods and services was based on reciprocity among Inca individuals, groups, and rulers. The Inca rulers (who theoretically owned all the means of production) reciprocated by granting access to land and goods and by providing food and drink at their subjects' celebrations.

    The Army of the Inca Empire ensured the expansion and consolidation of the Inca Empire. Of multi-ethnic conformation, it was in charge of defending the sovereignty of their lands, extending them and suffocating rebellions. It was also often used for political interests such as executions or coups. As the empire grew in size and population, the army did in the same way. The largest concentrations of Inca warriors in the splendor of the empire came to compose about 200,000 soldiers in a single army (time of Huayna Cápac 1467 -1527). The militarism that the Inca government possessed made belonging to it an important position. Soldiers were provided with food, clothing, and state aid in replacements for their families with regard to the agrarian activity that the person taken should be carrying out, so that being a permanent warrior was not a bad position.

    The Inca army had two types of soldiers: professionals and replacements. Since the government of Túpac Yupanqui (1441-1493) there has been an elite of soldiers specialized in the care of the Sapa Inca during walks, trips or conquests. These were mainly troops of Cuzco origin, although over time prominent soldiers of other ethnic groups were also included, such as the Kollaguas who came from the current territories of Arequipa. This imperial guard had about 10,000 members who always accompanied the Emperor, all of them of noble origin. They enjoyed great privileges, the state fed them, gave them houses, clothes and many gifts of coca, jewelry and wives. The replacement army was made up of all physically fit Incas between 25 (the age at which the Incas came of age) and 50 years. All the subjects of the empire, or runas, did military service or work for the state.

    Only those who, due to physical defects, could not carry weapons or move quickly were excepted, and the runas from the coast, unlike those from the mountains, were free to serve, since they could not withstand the climatic conditions of the Andes where they used to live. fight the battles. Normally one in 50 men was chosen for military service (preferably young men) aged 25 to 30, but more were recruited if necessary, reaching full conscription if necessary. In the case of the nobles, this was an honor and a duty; in the case of commoners it was a means to ascend socially. The Incas could mobilize an army of 200,000 troops from a population of 20 to 25 million. The units were organized according to the ethnic group of the soldiers (auca runas), they were armed and adorned according to their tribe, with leather, cloth, shields, feathers, jewelry or body paint, although the equipment was improved after the War of the Inca succession.

    The Inca Army, as it had border conflicts with the Elysées, ended up adapting its troops. Regular soldiers specialized in close combat. There were also others such as light infantry or runancha, arcabuceros or quipaycamayoc, and music bands that served as motivation in combat and gave signals. The Incas were even able to make swords and other iron weapons made with metallurgical techniques learned from the Iberians after their contacts through the Rio de la Plata.

    They used multiple units of 5:
    • The squad was made up of 5 soldiers and was commanded by an unan chayanuk or corporal.
    • The platoon was made up of 10 soldiers and was commanded by a chunga-camayuk or sergeant.
    • The section was made up of 50 soldiers and was commanded by a piccka-chuncamayuk or lieutenant.
    • The company was made up of 100 soldiers under the command of a pachaca-camayuk captain.
    • The battalion was made up of 500 soldiers under the command of a pisca-camayuk or lieutenant colonel.
    • The regiment was made up of 1,000 soldiers under the command of a guaranga-camayuk or colonel.
    • The brigade was made up of about 5,000 soldiers under the command of a hatun apu or brigadier general.
    • The division was made up of 10,000 soldiers under the command of an apusqui randin or division general.
    • The army was made up of several divisions and was commanded by an apusquipay or marshal.

    The Inca armies were characterized by being disciplined and well organized, their troops used to be silent and only when attacking did they shout or sing, accompanied by musical instruments in order to scare the enemy. Inca army units used to deploy with the missile units in front; behind them, the soldiers for the melee; further back a reserve, and at the end, the troops with pikes to welcome the forces in front that retreated or fight against cavalry. Inca discipline represented an enormous advantage over their common enemies, who used to make disorganized frontal attacks. In fact, the Inca army was so disciplined that it rarely broke ranks and almost always kept formation, being able to repel even an ambush in jungle, mountainous, desert or swampy terrain. At this point, the battles of the Inca armies resembled the battles between Romans and Celts or Germans, in which the superior organization and discipline ended up defeating the number. In an open field battle the Inca army used to be divided into three units, the main unit attacking the enemy head on while the other two wrapped around the flanks towards the rear of the enemy where they joined and attacked with the purpose of surrounding it. The Inca war machine greatly benefited from the networks of effective roads and paths called Qhapaq Ñan, with a length of 5,200 kilometers, which began in Quito, passed through Cuzco and ended in Tucumán, it was made up of the coastal road and the way of the saw with branches of union between both.

    In the middle of these roads there were Tambos, they were like shelters that functioned as collection centers for food, wool, firewood or other basic materials for survival. In this way, in times of climatic hardships or natural disasters, the Tambos fed and provided some materials for survival to the villages closest to the circle. They were located on the roads, every 20 or 30 kilometers (a day's walk on foot). In the important cities there were the royal Tambos, which were more important warehouses and had luxurious furniture in anticipation of possible visits from the Emperor. To carry the messages, the chasquis were used, runners between the ages of 18 and 20 who went from Tambos to Tambos carrying the messages. They were called chasquis because when they walked along the roads they clicked their tongues so that the others would move away and let them pass. This system was so fast, that the chasquis sometimes brought fresh fish from the coast to Cuzco, much to the delight of the Inca. An Inca army marching from Cuzco could swell its ranks on the move by picking up militias from outlying settlements. The Tambos, meanwhile, allowed the commander to keep his troops fed and in good fighting shape even during the longest marches, with his men finally taking to the field in relatively fresh condition and ready for battle. The Incas gave a lot of importance to military logistics, which had a lot to do with the type of war they would carry out. For short campaigns, peasants were used who required the minimum to launch a direct offensive, but if instead a long war of attrition was expected, professional soldiers who needed much more resources were used.

    At that time, the Imperial Elysium army was made up of 50 Legions. Each Legion was made up of Ten (10) Cohorts and each Cohort was made up of Six (6) Centuriae which were made up of Ten (10) contubernia collect together. Each Contubernium was made up of ten (10) Legionnaires. At the same time, a Manipuli was added to perform a logistic or supportive military role. The average Legionnaire was equipped with the Lorica Coriaceus (Cuirass) which allowed him greater mobility. Legionnaire training emphasized marching speed and endurance, along with individual directed fire at close range and close combat. This differed greatly from the training given to most European armies, which emphasized moving in rigid formations and firing massive volleys. Many of the victories at Elysium were due to the ability of armies to cover long distances quickly, and this ability was due to the training given to the infantry.

    New combat tactics revolved around the use of Fistulara silexes: soldiers who marched shoulder to shoulder in lines, columns, and other formations to launch volleys at the enemy before launching into a melee charge. However, the most notable development was the widespread use of rifled guns, which had an effective range of 450 meters compared to 90 for the smoothbore. This led to predictions that the defense would have an advantage over an attacker and would make such linear tactics obsolete. Military education meant that fieldwork was widely used even when a siege was not in progress, such defensive fortifications would be built weather permitting. Examples included rifle pits, abatises, wire obstacles, and palisades. Truly impressive trench systems were able to be built thanks to the widespread use of Legionnaires as combat engineers.

    Legionary cavalry were seldom used in the heat of battle, instead being deployed on scouting and assault missions. However, the cavalry developed unique tactics. Instead of masses of heavy cavalry charging at enemy infantry, a cavalry force would leave a portion of their mounted soldiers while the rest dismounted to engage the enemy in a firefight. The widespread use of firearms such as the Coclius convitia (OTL: Percussion rifle) gave cavalry a particular advantage, especially when using marching fire. If the firefight was unsuccessful, the dismounted party could clear any obstacles to allow the mounted party to charge in with revolvers and spathas, and if unsuccessful, the force could remount and use its mobility to attack from another direction. In this way, an enemy could be defeated in detail as these successive attacks forced them to spread out and allowed isolated elements to finally be overwhelmed.

    While the Southern War had a massive scale and impact on the cultural lives of those involved, there are very few that compare to the psychological impact of the Invasion of the Inca Empire. The Invasion force was led by Legatus Augusti Gaius Fabius. The rank of Legatus Augusti was a newly created rank capable of leading several Legions. The invasion force was composed of around 90,000 men framed in 15 Legions. The invasion would not be detected until May 12, 1655, by an explorer who would see the immense movement of troops. It didn't take too long for a snap to reach the nearest city, sounding the alarm to the other cities and the Inca. The Elysean troops invaded house by house, farm by farm, capturing or killing cattle and taking food and water from the inhabitants, revealing the factor that constantly hung over the Incas. The Incas immediately launched a powerful counterattack against several Elysean Legions, but the attack was defeated due to better training and equipment.

    Over the next few weeks, guerrilla resistance and a system of makeshift fortifications slowed the advance and the Inca defenses hardened. the Incas inflicted massive casualty rates on the invading forces through a stockpile of weapons and supplies for years in preparation for such an eventuality, but rather fanaticism spread to the populace, with the line between warriors and civilians being murky at best. of the cases and non-existent in the worst as in the battle of Quito and Tomebamba: the northern administrative center of the Inca Empire receiving the Legionnaires a much-needed morale boost. In the midst of military advances, the Legionnaires found traces of cannibalism or human sacrifice. This reminded the stories of the Conquest of the Aztecs and the fights ended up being to the death for the Legionnaires.

    In the midst of the conflict, one of the most outstanding movements was the arrival of the Mapuches. The Mapuches from the south of the territory known as Arauco were an indigenous people who were fearsome warriors, who soon adopted the horse and firearms. The Mapuche had a patrilineal, polygamous family social organization while the military leaders received the title of Toki. The Toki was chosen in an assembly of loncos from the different allied clans in the war in question, who came together to form a group called Rehue. It was not a lifetime or hereditary position, but a mandate
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    that lasted as long as the war or the exceptional situation persisted, or as long as the agreement between the loncos who had elected him was maintained. The method of election was variable, but it was based on the fame and skill as a warrior of the candidates and their oratorical capacity. The Mapuches lived in the forests subsisting on hunting, fishing and primitive agriculture although their contacts with the Iberians had provided horses.

    The Mapuches therefore, brought troops and leaders with a trained command and all hardened in the war. But the fights occurred when the Inca generals did not consider the Mapuche warriors as soldiers comparable to the Incas or Legionnaires. Besides, the Inca forces did not have the weapons and armor to equip the Mapuche expeditionaries in a regular war, so they had to go to the fight with their own equipment. Finally the Mapuches marched out starting a guerrilla war that forced the Elysean army to disperse their forces, making them vulnerable to mass attacks by the Mapuches. The cities and towns of the region were occupied and vacated by the Mapuches depending on whether or not there were Elysean military forces in them, thus avoiding a frontal combat between regular armies. Skirmishes, chases, assaults and ambushes were the norm of confrontation. During the campaign, torture was used to obtain information, the destruction of roads and infrastructure to prevent the passage of the enemy.

    Since the Imperial Elysian Navy controlled the South Pacific without counterweight, the coastal areas were at the mercy of the Elysean Army, which could easily attack, supply, deploy, and evacuate troops almost anywhere. The war took place mostly in the mountains, difficult to access and supply for the Chileans. In the mountains, the troops had to cross snowy mountain ranges, skirt precipices, ford rivers, withstand the rigors of the climate and unknown diseases outdoors, transporting their own supplies and their patients, without safe and trustworthy guides over long distances. The regular forces were well armed, disciplined, and commanded by professional officers. However, the Inca army did not have the logistical or medical capacity to supply large forces in the mountains for a long time. Consequently, he could not sustain a long total war in the mountains.

    By the end of Lanius's reign, the Legions had conquered large tracts of territory due to the slow advance of the front line and the installation of new forts, as well as the massive attacks that the Incas committed against the forts. In addition, the development of new weapons was promoted, such as the Coclius Volvo (OTL: Revolving Rifle), an attempt to increase the firing rate of rifles by combining them with the rotating firing mechanism that had been previously developed for revolvers, although it gave problems to the principle, later the problem was solved by copying the revolver system but with a longer barrel. Apart from the first telescopic sights used by Legionnaires with good aim. Apart from this, hundreds of thousands of natives had been enslaved and shipped north to Nova Carthago or other nearby cities. The war would continue until ten years after the death of Lanius, a name given as a result of the incredible exterminations that occurred and were documented as: Cleansing of Hostile Barbarians

    Many will say that Publis Furius Lanius was a Militarist Caesar, but his legacy would remain in the Elysian consciousness as a Emperor, educator/destroyer, architect of the greatness of Elysium/exterminator of the Natives, Pater Patriae/scourge of the Incas. The Legions had overwhelmed the Inca forces until they captured the capital of Cuzco itself. During their advance, numerous cities were destroyed and thousands were enslaved. The war took a heavy toll on the military and civilians alike as soon as food became scarce after several months. The encircled cities also had to endure constant artillery bombardment, which made the streets themselves the most dangerous place. Although they had been defeated on the battlefield, the Incas refused to accept defeat. Most of them took refuge in small groups, from where they promoted an endless guerrilla war that intensified over time. The Inca guerrillas began to attack supplies and messengers.

    Still, these tactics led to the destruction of thousands of farms and small towns. These new tactics soon demoralized and hindered the Incas as some ethnic groups and vassal peoples ended up supporting the Elysians in exchange for peace and even became vassals. These attempts were mostly accepted when they surrendered to a certain number of guerrillas in certain regions, although the Inca Nobility ended up practically enslaved and even massacred to the point that thousands of Inca servants, nobles and even several members of the Royal House ended up fleeing to the Incas. Spanish territories thanks to the Laws of the Indies made by Isabel The Catholic that protected the Indians from the abuses of the Conquistadors and the Iberians.
     
    Chapter 47 Caesar Tiberius Furius Incanus 2416 AUC / 1663 AD - 2461 AUC / 1708 AD
  • As Elysium expanded, Europe and its countries tried to catch up with the knowledge almost given away by the Slaves. The slaves managed to reach the port of Brugges and sought refuge in the courts of the kings or princes, taking with them numerous books with scientific, economic, philosophical and, to a lesser extent, literary knowledge. The Twenty slaves ended up dispersing throughout Europe. Two went to the Kingdom of France, Three to the Kingdom of Iberia, Two to the Ottoman Empire, Three tried to settle in Germany but due to the political climate they ended up going to Sweden. Two Italy but ended up dying under the torture inflicted at the hands of the Inquisition, two went to England and one to Austria. Two went to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and three to the Tsardom of Russia. Being perhaps Carlos XI of Sweden the one that most focused on national economic, industrial and military development. Changes in finance, commerce, national land and sea armaments, judicial procedures, ecclesiastical government, and education began during his reign.

    Followed by Charles XI was Pyotr I Alekséyevich. monarch of the Tsardom of Russia. Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia. Heavily influenced by his advisers, Peter reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a power equal to Iberia or even Elysium. He faced much opposition to these policies at home, but brutally suppressed rebellions against his authority, including the Streltsy, Bashkirs, Astrakhan, and the largest civil uprising of his reign, the Bulavin Rebellion. As part of his reforms, Peter began an industrialization effort that was slow but ultimately successful. Russian manufacturing and major exports were based on the mining and lumber industries. Peter would stand out for finalizing the creation of the New Order Regiments: Russian Czarist professional military units armed and trained in line with the armies of Europe.

    France instead was ruled by Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (le Roi Soleil). Thanks to the Runaway Slaves and the information from him. He established new industries and encouraged manufacturers and inventors, such as the silk manufacturers of Lyon and the Gobelins factory, which produced tapestries. He invited manufacturers and craftsmen from all over Europe to France, such as glassmakers from Murano, Swedish blacksmiths, and Dutch shipbuilders. In this way, he intended to decrease foreign imports while increasing French exports, thus reducing the net outflow of precious metals from France. All while he kept the slaves locked in a glass cage where they translated books from Latin to French while receiving food, drink and even attention from beautiful women. Louis instituted reforms in the military administration. They helped curb the independent spirit of the nobility, imposing order on them at court and in the army. Gone are the days when generals dragged out warfare on the borders while arguing over precedence and ignoring orders from the capital and the larger politico-diplomatic landscape. The old military aristocracy (the Noblesse d'épée, or "nobility of the sword") ceased to have a monopoly on high military offices and ranks. The army was modernized and reorganized into a professional, disciplined, and well-trained force.

    On the other hand, Felix and Cassius went to Italy where they sold their knowledge to countries like Venice and the Swiss Confederation but while they were traveling they were imprisoned near Ferrara and under torture they claimed to believe in Roman gods and therefore pagans for the Inquisitors. The books, unlike other types, would be kept in a section of the Archivum Apostolicum Vaticanum, the central repository in Vatican City for documents the church has accumulated over the centuries.

    The Kingdom of Iberia made far-reaching reforms to increase the flow of funds to the crown and defend against foreign incursions into the empire. It facilitated trade and commerce, modernized agriculture and land tenure, and promoted science and university research. He implemented regalist policies to increase the power of the state with respect to the church. He reinforced the Iberian army and navy. The northern areas of the peninsula rapidly industrialized and produced much income for the Iberian economy. One of the most notable events was the creation of the "African Railway Plan" whose objective is to promote the economic development of the Viceroyalties by increasing the efficiency and speed, and reducing the cost, of cargo transportation between the main ports of the coast. and inside. The Iberian troops soon stood out for being pioneers in the use of tactics such as Flying Columns and Light Infantry.

    In such a scenario, in 1663 Tiberius Furius Incanus ascended the throne. Tiberius was the natural son of Publius, who was born ten years after his father's return from the South after his capture. Tiberius saw the rise of his father and would stand out for being linked in the navy. To the point that he served in some coastal landings and bombing raids. Tiberius would serve as Governor of the occupied territories of the coast. It would be in 1665 when the last Inca strongholds around the original territories near Machu Pichu, Andahuaylas and Huanuco. Two provinces would emerge: Vesuvius (OTL:Acre (Brazil), Western Amazonas (Brazil), Ecuador and Peru.), Nova Macedonia (OTL:Bolivia and Chile) while in the north. The provinces of Alyeska (OTL:Alaska with the Yukon Territory) and the Hyperborea (OTL:Northwest Territories) were created.

    Southern Cassiopeia and the new territories suffered huge demographic losses. Hundreds of thousands of Incas were forced to move north where they were put to work in fruit plantations, agriculture, and other types of primary sectors. The regional economy had been devastated. About a quarter of the Inca resources were destroyed and industrial and agricultural production was well below pre-war levels. To rebuild the country, the Augusta Elysium government began supplying machinery and raw materials. The reconstruction program emphasized the mining industry. Within the same mining activity, two moments were distinguished: The first, which was until the establishment of the Provincial organization, characterized by an intensive metal extraction system based on a feverish activity of the surface, dismantling, appropriation, and distribution of the riches of the old empire. The second presented once the war ended.

    Soon large and modern mines emerged that used the most advanced machinery. A series of innovative techniques were developed at the site that enriched the theory and practice of mineral extraction. During the first years, some 2,000,000 adolescents came to work at the factory in various mines throughout the territory. They worked from 10 to 11 hours a day and sometimes in extreme situations, since they stayed for 10 days in a row in the mines. It is thanks to these children that Vesuvio and Nova Macedonia were able to extract their first 100 tons of gold, silver and other minerals. The mining centers were cities that quickly became commercial emporiums that linked an entire commercial circuit. The economic rise was notorious due, in large part, to the modern system and way of working in the mining centers, also in the railway network to speed up transportation and the Population Edict.

    The Population Edict was an edict issued to encourage miscegenation and with the aim of destroying the Inca ethnic identity that held the Empire together. In an example of systematic sexual slavery organized by the same government at the Municipal, Provincial and Imperial levels. The government allowed the sale of hundreds of women slaves to settlers in the new provinces at a price considered cheap, even being compared to the purchase of minor farm animals. The purpose of the edict was none other than to provide simple means to encourage the Elysians, especially veterans of the Legions, to have more children who would later become Roman citizens or help industry. Although thousands of women who were enslaved and then sold later faced social ostracism for having had relations with Legionnaires and becoming pregnant, the effort also contributed to breaking down social or tribal connections, in order to avoid any uprising inspired by their ethnicity. or tribal alliances.

    Although the campaign of the Incas ended. The Mapuche Insurgency was a different war. Called the Pacification of Arauco, the military campaign of occupation and acculturation of the Mapuche territories. The proposed plan included not only military actions, but also the penetration of the territories through the transfer of Elysium culture to the other side of the border. They sought to found colonial cities, build public works such as roads, telegraphs and create schools and hospitals. The conquered lands would be transferred to Elysian settlers at no cost to encourage demographic change in the area and develop wheat production. Combat operations were carried out by mounted infantry units using flying column tactics, well known to the extent that the proconsul Germanicus Caesar used flying columns to great effect in the early stages of the campaign against one of Rome's greatest enemies. Arminius. Scouts, raiders and protection forces were used against the Germanic tribes.

    The conquest of the Inca Empire brought with it the bark of the Cinchona or cinchona tree, which contains the quinine alkaloid known for its healing properties by the Andean people, but it was not incorporated into the cultural heritage until its antimalarial properties were discovered. The Medici Legions realized that one of the traditional medicines, cinchona or cinchona bark, offered relief from the symptoms of malaria. The Incas knew the medicinal properties of the plants that grew in the Andes and in the Amazon jungle, among them there was a tree that produced the bitter bark that could cure many ailments, cramps, colds and arrhythmias. It did not take long until a Medici Legions named Lucius Arrianus and Quintus Annius created the pharmaceutical laboratory that spread throughout the empire.

    The Laboratory created in Incapolis (OTL:Lima) would work to discover the specific nature of the cinchona bark, which caused its general use in medicine. It would take 20 years before the active ingredients, quinine and other alkaloids, were isolated from cinchona bark. Quinine, a toxic plant alkaloid, is, in addition to its antimalarial properties, moderately effective against nocturnal leg cramps. Lucius Arrianus and Quintus Annius separated the alkaloids cinchonine and quinine from the bark of the powdered fever tree in 1698, allowing standardized doses of the active ingredients to be created. Before 1698, the bark was simply dried, ground into a fine powder, and mixed with a liquid (commonly wine) to drink. Using contacts they managed to get a monopoly on their supply by controlling a large estate that cultivated 50,000 Cinchona ledgeriana trees. But it would still be two years before Arrianus and Annius would achieve their true wealth.

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    The Emperor would allow the sale of medicines outside the Empire in 1700. By 1700, the Empire used wide types of drugs: for anesthesia they used cocaine as a local anesthetic and in other cases opium as a general anesthetic. Although these drugs could be obtained, they were regulated after the experience of how opium could cause problems in society, so culturally, cocaine or opium addicts were frowned upon because they did not control their impulses. For this reason, the sale of medicines outside of Elysium opened up a new market in Europe: drugs. The markets of Europe soon began to be flooded with drugs such as Coca, Opium, Peyote, Marijuana and Cannabis. The slums of London, Paris, Barcelona or Seville, even Amsterdam and Istanbul. Drugs rose from beggars to brothels and from these to the nobles who frequented them to the point that one of the most famous addicts was Philippe, Duke of Anjou. The second son of Louis, Grand Dauphin, who was the son and heir-apparent of King Louis XIV.

    While Elysian entrepreneurs profited from the addictions of Europeans, others wanted to expand their business horizons. Japan was an ally of Elysium, China barely dealt with the Elysiums, so Elysium expanded into the Asian subcontinent: India. Which was at the height of its Mughal-Maratha Wars. A set of wars that were fought between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire from 1680. Although at the beginning the Mughal had the predominance, it would be the Maratha who by the early 1700s would have the supremacy. The Maratha were ruled at the time by the Regent Tarabai Bhosale (née Mohite) acclaimed for her role in keeping alive the resistance against the Mughal occupation of the Maratha territories after the death of her husband and for acting as regent during the minority of age of his son (Shivaji II). As regent, Tarabai took charge of the war against Aurangzeb's forces.

    Tarabai was a skilled commander in cavalry movement and made strategic moves herself during wars. She personally led the war and continued the fight against the Mughals. A truce was offered to the Mughals in such a way that the Mughal emperor quickly rejected it and Tarabai continued the Maratha resistance. According to Felix Cottio: "In this Indian kingdom, the supreme force and maximum defender of its Independence is the queen dowager Tarabai herself. By charisma and intelligence she keeps the kingdom united in the chaos of war." While the Mughal Empire was facing the Maratha, it also had clashes with European powers such as the English, French and Iberians who already had a certain advantage over the latter. But the arrival of the Elysians and seeing how the Bay of Bengal was the main area for Europeans, the Elysians landed in Mumbai, which already had some European influence but not as much as in Bengal.

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    Contrary to expectations, the Elyseans offered the Maratha weaponry at a price that could be paid in spices, minerals, coins or even animals. But perhaps what surprised the Elyseans most was the offer to hire mercenaries. The hiring of foreign mercenaries was not new to Maratha military culture. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha empire hired experienced Portuguese cannon casting technicians from Goa. The Marathas attached importance to the recruitment of experts, which can be corroborated by the fact that important positions in the army were offered to officers in charge of manufacturing weapons. So it was not difficult that by 1703, a Legion of 6,000 veteran Elysean legionnaires led by Lucius Quinctius landed in Mumbai and were hired under the name of the Elysian Foreign Legion.

    Once the Legion was hired. They coordinated with the Maratha military forces. The Queen decided to give the Legion a chance to prove themselves and sent them along with a Maratha force on a long-range offensive. The men marched into the field and spent the next three months fighting. This was done with a level of efficiency and coolness that surprised the Maratha, including the siege style and systematic artillery fire. Although the mercenaries looted everything they could find, to sell it and through intermediaries send it to their families. The efficiency of the Legion was undeniable and their exploits earned them the nickname "The Lions of Durga". During the rest periods that used to be every three months where they were in Castra Mombay, a fort built outside the city, the Elysians were paid by serving as military instructors of Elysian tactics or military doctors where their better training helped. This soon aided in the modernization of the Maratha military.

    After the victory in the Inca War, a cultural-social progress broke out. Among them artists and inventors in their search for a mechanical method to capture visual scenes, the first of these uses was the camera obscura dating back to Ancient Greece. The silhouette, an invention derived from the Chinese shadow theatre, was used as a fast, cheap and automatic method to make portraits of the growing clientele who could not afford the traditional painted portraits, nor the miniatures, which at that time were in fashion among the royalty. The silhouette was a profile portrait; it was done by copying the perimeter of a person's shadow on black paper, which was then cut out very carefully, to finally be mounted on another white paper. But it would be an artist Caius Plinius who obtained the first photographic images, unpublished. The oldest surviving photograph is a reproduction of the image known as "Canis Fidelis" using a camera obscura and a bitumen coated pewter plate, but he lost the image due to a fire in his workshop.

    When Plinius began his investigations of him, he needed a little over eight hours of exposure, in broad daylight, to get the images of him. In 1670, Plinius came into contact with Aulus Licinius, who became interested in his invention and insisted on a working agreement to reveal his procedure to him. He managed to sign the agreement with Plinius shortly before his death in 1678. Since then, Aulus Licinio continued his experiments, returning to the use of silver salts that had been dismissed by Plinius, and in 1683 he made public, with the support of great media coverage. , his process for obtaining photographs on a polished silver surface, which he called Licimago (daguerreotype). It solved some technical problems of Plinius's initial procedure and reduced the necessary exposure times, to make it more suitable for the purposes of portraiture of people.

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    Initially, the Licimago was much more popular, as it was very useful for taking portraits, and its image quality was far superior to the models that emerged following that method. These "Licimago portraits" began to spread among the bourgeois class, as they were much cheaper than the painted ones, which gave a great boost to this new technique. Twenty years would pass before the Ambrotype finally emerged. A photographic procedure where the image is in a layer of collodion on a glass support. Ambrotypes were much less expensive to produce than Licimago, the predominant medium when they were introduced, and lacked the shiny, mirror-like metallic surface that could make Licimago troublesome to see and which some people disliked. However, an ambrotype seemed dull and drab compared to the brilliance of a well-made and well-dressed Lycimage. By the late 1710s, the ambrotype was overtaking the Licimago in popularity.
     
    Historical Statistics for 2463 AUC (1710 AD)
    • Capital: Augusta Elysium
    • Population: 329 million people
      • Citizenship: 180 millions cives.
    • Life expectancy: 55 years
    • Urbanization: 50%
    • Literacy rate: 83%
    • Head of government: Caesar Quintus Furius
    • Legislature: 1,000 senators

    Demographic statistics

    Interactions on the frontier between citizens of different origins has produced an variety of ethnicy. They are the result of the melting pot of Elysium civilization.

    • Ethnicities:
      • Roman (European Mediterranean descendent or three-quarters Roman and one-quarter Nativus): 131 millions people (~40%)
      • Nativus (Native American):39 millions people (20 %)
      • Mixticius (Nativus+Roman): 159 millions people (30%)
    • Religions:
      • Religion Deorum Romanorum (Roman gods): 230 Millions people (70%)
      • Nativus Deorum (Native American Gods) 99 Millions people (30%)
    • Social classes:
      • Senatorial Order: 1,000 Senators
      • Upper Class: 100,000 people
      • Equestrian Order: 16,450,000 Equites or 5% of the population
      • Middle-Class Plebeian: 98,700,000 Plebs or 30 % of the population
      • Lower-Class Plebeians: 164,500,000 Million Plebs or 50% of the population
      • Slaves: 82,250,000 Million Servi or 25 % of the population

    Wealth

    A measure of money that gives a good sense of the wealth of one society relative to another society is the price of wheat in the given currency, since this quantity can be used to estimate the average income of a society in terms of how easily its people can feed themselves on their incomes. In the year 2463 AUC, the GDP per capita in the Elysium Empire was ~5,000 kg of wheat, where the average income for a citizen was four times that of a non-citizen.
    • Sestertius (St) = 1000 Au | 500 Dn
    • 1 Denarius (Dn) = 500 Dn | 500 Dn
    • 1 Aureus (Au) = 500 Dn | 100 St
    • Price of gold: 2 Dn per gram
    • Gold content: 9 grams per aureus coin
    • Silver purity: 9.2% for a 5 gram denarius coin
    • (all currency equivalencies assume 1 Dn = USD17 and all monetary values in Dn are approximate)
    • GDP per capita: 1000 Dn (~$17,000 US)

    In case no one remembers... the last Hist. Stats was in the year 1000 so... 700 years of development. And... i do this mostly because some people ask me to do.
     
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    Chapter 48 Caesar Quintus Furius Casiopeanus 2461 AUC / 1708 AD - 2503 AUC / 1750 AD
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    Imperator Caesar Augustus Quintus Furius Casiopeanus
    Tiberius's successor would be Quintus Furius, his adopted son. Born into a wealthy family, Quintus was a sickly and weak child who suffered from asthma and rarely left home, where he stayed to learn. To make up for his physical weakness, he developed an intense life. He studied at home and attended the University of California at Aureum Ostium, where he practiced the Pankration. He wrote several history books that brought him fame as a serious historian. It wouldn't be until his promotion to senator that he would get to be Tiberius's favorite and then his successor. By 1708, Elysium was experiencing progress sustained by the steamship, railway and telegraph and the work of thousands of slaves who were responsible for creating new roads, railways and telegraph cables. Even so, the population experienced a fear of the European powers that had industrialized. Especially, the Iberian Kingdom that with its Viceroyalty of New Spain and Rio de la Plata occupies a large area along the east coast of South Cassiopeia and much of the interior of the continent.

    But while Elysium settled under her marble throne built under the skeletons of countless natives and the Aztec and Inca Empire. A threat in Europe arose like a primal beast. The rapid expansion of industrialization in Europe, Africa and finally Asia led to an era of extreme poverty and inequality, when millions of people clamored for more rights, rights that faced the still ruling feudalism. The streets of the cities were dominated by the struggle for political control, exacerbated by economic depression and civil disorder while the railways were the fastest growing industry, with the factory system, mining and finance increasing in importance. Slowly political parties or groups began to emerge and became increasingly important in the rapidly growing industrial cities. This led to great social and political upheavals. Even the increased mechanization of industry became a major marker of the search for cheaper ways to create more products at easy cost.

    Japan as it began to have clashes with the Qing dynasty, leading to a light war in the territory strip of the Yalu River, Paektu Mountain, and the Tumen River. The First Sino-Japanese War resulted in a Japanese victory by preventing the Chinese from advancing although there were no territorial concessions but it made the Japanese look hungrily at Taiwan as a possible extension of the Empire. The victory of the war came mainly from the innovative use of a dozen reconnaissance balloons that allowed the movement of enemy troops to be warned by means of flags, which allowed the Japanese to prepare for each attack. The use of Balloons was soon copied by the Elysium who first used it for reconnaissance, then for courier, and finally the civilian sector for lavish and social entertainment.

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    In India, the Maratha Empire ended up managing to unify most of India thanks to 62,000 Elysian Mercenaries grouped into 10 Legions of 6,200 soldiers per unit framed according to Elysian military schemes. The Maratha Empire strengthened and expanded its infrastructure through legions of civilian workers who tried to emulate the system on Elysium, building railways bought from Elysium and roads. Much was invested in infrastructure, including canals and irrigation systems, as well as railways, telegraphs, roads, and ports. The Imperial Maratha army began to be trained by the veteran Elyseans forming Maratha Elysianized troops. Unfortunately the Bengal region became an unstable area due to the various European trading posts: Iberian, English, French and Dutch.

    But in 1720, the Great Colonial War began. The Great Colonial War was a worldwide conflict between Great Britain, France, the Iberian Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, and the Swedish Empire for world pre-eminence. Great Britain, France, the Iberian Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire fought both in Europe and abroad with land armies and naval forces, while Sweden sought territorial expansion in Europe and the consolidation of its power. Longstanding colonial rivalries between powers such as Britain, France, and the Iberian Kingdom were waged on a grand scale with consequential results. The smaller German states joined the War by hiring mercenaries from the parties involved in the conflict. What became known as the Great Colonial War began as a conflict between Britain and France in 1717, when the British attempted to expand into Africa. The war came to be known as the Anglo-French African War, with the British and the French and their respective native African allies fighting for control of territory.

    Hostilities escalated when a joint British and tribal force ambushed a small French force. The conflict degenerated when the war affected Iberian merchants who were attacked by English pirates flying the French flag, which led to the start of hostilities. Even so, the war had different nomenclatures due to the different theaters. In Africa and the colonies of the continent it received the name of the Great Colonial War. In Western Europe it was called the Ten Years' War while in Eastern and Central Europe it was called the Great Northern War.

    To understand the theater of war in Africa, you have to put it in context. At that time, the Iberian Kingdom was the one that controlled more territory thanks to the previous Portuguese territories and those acquired later through colonization. England after decades of expansion had managed to secure a portion of land to the north of the Gulf of Guinea bordering the Viceroyalty of Iberian Angola, while they had taken a good part of the Horn of Africa. On the other hand, France controlled Tunisia, which had become a militarized territory due to its proximity to the Viceroyalty of Morocco and Ottoman Libya, but to the west of the Goldcoast Colony was the Viceroyalty of Afrique-Occidentale while in the Namib desert, the Habsburg Empire had the colony of Friedrichsburg which had grown as cities, towns and trading posts were founded, railways, ports were built and gradually developed until its name was changed to Südwestafrika.

    France began the construction of a line of Fortifications along the territorial limits with the intention of preventing or at least slowing down British colonial invasions. The French Army of Afrique-Occidentale consisted of a mix of regular soldiers from the French Army (Carignan-Salières Regiment) and the French Navy (Compagnies Franches de la Marine) supported by small local volunteer militia units (colonial militia). Either they were exceptionally well trained and very apt for the challenges in the region, or they were dangerously inept. However, they knew the terrain and were used to Guerrilla Warfare. The British army, on the other hand, had less than 10,000 troops distributed in the colonies at the time that criminals were offered military service to escape legal sanctions and deserters were pardoned if they rejoined their units after a period.

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    The British formed an aggressive plan of operations with the aim of reaching one of the main cities closest to the border: Ville-Marie (OTL:Man). The expedition was a disaster. Well, when crossing the border they were attacked by French regulars, militiamen and African warriors hired by the French who ambushed them from hiding places in the trees and behind logs, to the point that the British Commander ordered a withdrawal. In the middle of it he was killed when a spear pierced his chest leaving him pinned against a tree along with approximately 1,000 British soldiers who were killed or wounded but executed by the tribes. Such a result made England begin to hire pirate crews with the aim of attacking French fleets from Africa. There was also a series of coastal raids that destroyed dozens of settlements, killing hundreds of people and capturing many more. In the middle of these battles, a Captain named Edward Teach attacked the Spanish ship "Nuestra Señora Salvadora" and the Chinese treasure fleet that was transporting important riches from the Viceroyalty of Buena Esperanza.

    The Attack on Nuestra Señora Salvadora meant the loss of a shipment of several tons of gold and silver bullion along with carved silver, gold jewelry, pearls and valuable stones, rich fabrics and furs. The Captain of the fleet was Amaro Pargo, a captain of the Spanish Navy famous for his illicit romances, seafaring audacity and his charisma along with a background that dates him as a bastard son of the Governor of "Buena Esperanza". According to witnesses, Amaro Pargo suffered twenty-five wounds, five of them due to shots to the body at close range in the middle of the combat when the pirates boarded the main ship. Edward Teach would culminate in the decapitation of Pargo and the placement of his head on a pike in the figurehead of his ship: the Queen Anne's Revenge, the few Spanish survivors who managed to reach land, took several weeks to give the voice and report that the pirates They spoke English even though they had been attacked with a French flag. Such an event caused a furor against the French and English.

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    1720 was the year in which the armed conflict between the colonies was consolidated, expanding the field of operations to larger territories and larger armies participating in the battles. The harsh conditions made troop movements difficult throughout the war, being more a war of movement and amphibious assaults. Goldcoast Colony only had an English European population of 2,780,400 inhabitants while Angola tripled the number and Afrique-Occidentale doubled it. The English were content to apply a defensive strategy towards the Iberian flank by building fortified camps at key points. At the time that a group of companies was formed all led by James Rogers, these companies were made up of Frontiersmen: farmers who had spent most of their working lives in the saddle and, because they had to rely as much on their horses as From their rifles to most of their meat, they were skilled hunters and sharpshooters, perfect for the occasion.

    James Rogers arranged for his men to wear dark garments or garments that were easy to conceal in the environment which further enhanced his effectiveness as he began leading raids against French cities and military sites. The Rogers' Rangers were not fully respected by British regulars, however they were one of the few non-African forces capable of operating in the inhospitable region despite the harsh conditions and jungle terrain. The Rangers exploited their advantages to the fullest, their unconventional tactics, marksmanship and mobility to the point that in the winter of 1721, a force of 40,000 British soldiers enlisted in the "British-African Legion" marched across the border under the support of the Rangers. The British African Legion was the first British combined arms unit consisting of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, and able to operate independently. That was decisive.

    The French meanwhile made deals with local African tribes, supplying weapons for their warriors to support the regular French troops. Most of the fighting consisted of attacks on forts, strategic population and trade centers, along with individual combat, use of hidden marksmen, skirmishes, surprise attacks on towns and villages, and ambushes taking advantage of forest cover. By the winter of 1722, most population centers were under British occupation. French settlers fleeing the English told stories of African savages pursuing retreating civilian columns, killing hundreds of men, women, and children, even enslaving the last two, or committing barbaric acts. The French fleets sent with the aim of helping the colony could not send enough support, mainly due to the blockade of the Iberian Navy that harassed any nearby ship.

    Even so, the French waged a guerrilla war against the English who sent James Rogers and his Rangers to hunt them down while the French had the support of the African tribes who gave them relief and shelter. This contributed to the English beginning to devastate and burn all kinds of French properties. The captured French (men, women and children) were moved to prison camps, where nearly 20,000 people died, while Africans began to be enslaved by the thousands or killed if they resisted. This further encouraged slavery in the Goldcoast colony to the point that there were 4 slaves per inhabitant.

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    The north of Africa saw clashes between the French and Iberians who at the same time fought for Ottoman Tripolitania. In the middle of the clashes, the figure of the Mujahideen emerged: groups of Islamical combatants who fought using religion as a pretext and spiritual motivation. The performance of the Muhahide in retaliation as brutal as the systematic execution of thousands of civilians moving from town to the city, even burning a mosque with hundreds of innocents inside. The Iberian Empire meanwhile maintained a constant pressure in Tunisia with mixed results through limited attacks and force recognition. Even so, the Iberian and French forces put into practice a doctrine of wars where the mounted infantry although it was inevitably in a huge amount of casualties without effective results: in the long desert shooting fields. Normally, the defending side was the one who had the advantage by having factors such as fortifications, natural defenses and even greater ammunition.

    Apart from carrying great infantry army, I left them at the mercy of the enemy cavalry or the weather itself, which translates into the loss of large number of units. This caused the controls of each side to end up organizing ad hoc units for each tactical situation, or quickly react to unforeseen situations. Indeed, as we have seen, the French land combat capacity depended completely on the supplies that came to Africa from France by sea. The maritime communication routes between France and Africa necessarily passed through the vicinity of Sicily, in Iberian hands. And, in turn, the defensive and offensive capacity of Sicilian Island depended on the supply of weapons and ammunition and men who arrived by sea. That is, the result of the operations in Libya or Tunisia depended almost completely on the naval battle that was developed around Sicily. Consequently, both sides had to adopt an absolutely joint approach to operations.

    The ten-year war began with England initiating military preparations while recruiting anyone with the possibility of marching in formation, continuing orders and shooting properly. While the Royal Navy began to attack the French ships that crossed the strait and even requisitioning French ships anchored in English ports. The British army attracted many of its new recruits of the lower classes in Great Britain. As it was known that military life was hard and low remuneration, mainly attracted those for whom civil life was worse. While the Iberian kingdom mobilized one hundred thousand men for an offensive crossed from the Pyrenees using the railroads for rapid transportation and troops transport, the Pyrenees front was an area of fierce war in the mountains. To protect their soldiers from the enemy fire and the hostile mountainous environment, both French and Iberian military engineers built combat tunnels that offered a degree of coverage and allowed better logistical support in addition to building underground shelters and supply routes covered for their soldiers .

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    Numerous avalanches were caused by artillery projectiles deliberately launched by both sides on the mountain slope, while others were naturally caused. Although the biggest challenge for both armies was to sustain war in such a hostile environment. The difficult terrain meant that the supplies should be climbed on the back of cargo animals or the men themselves, including artillery and ammunition. In the middle of these fighting, they highlighted the courageous work of dogs. Alli dogs were animals with strong muscles that could well pull sleds loaded with ammunition such as medicines and wounded to light cannons. These dogs also served as moral support for the soldiers who made long guards but in the worst case ... they ended up as food for hungry soldiers.

    England was content with hosting the French Navy the first years by the Atlantic since the Mediterranean was an impossible sea to access due to the control of the Strait by Iberia. Although in 1726, the British Decision army in Brittany with 200,000 soldiers. In a matter of months, Normandia was occupied to the point that Paris was endangered, although the French King contract massive exercises of German mercenaries for support while instituting the Levée system in Masse that was a massive national recruitment policy where Healthy men from 18 to 25 years old were recruited. This system turned out to be effective because it was possible to raise arms around 300,000 soldiers in each province although it had subsequently scaled while children and women had to contribute their contribution to the cause working in factories and farms. In some cases, some young women would get dressed as men.

    But the front that truly changed the European landscape was the Great Northern War. Sweden sought from the government of Gustav Vasa, to expand the power of the Swedish nation to the point of forming a Scandinavian Empire with its own Dominium Maris Baltici. To achieve this, Sweden expanded its domains by establishing a strong presence in Estonia and Livonia, this brought swords clashing with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia, but it was Gustav II Adolf of Sweden who was considered the Lion of the North and Champion of Protestantism, he did not achieve expand its domain towards Germania (term applied to the German countries), earning some animosity. Even so, the historical weakness and strength of Sweden was its geographical position in Scandinavia that prevented them from protecting their possessions overseas, which occurred during the Thirty Years' Religious War. Even so, with the technological advances brought with Elysium and the escaped slaves from it, Sweden could deploy a modern and powerful army for the time, but its population was smaller in size compared to other powers.

    Its economy at the same time was highly competitive on a maritime level due also to the Hanseatic League. So Sweden was vulnerable on that factor. A simple political mistake, a catastrophic defeat in battle, and the empire itself would feel the pain that would shake it from the poorest peasant to the king himself. In many ways, Sweden is a colossus with feet of clay. The nation had to rely on the courage of its kings and the strength of its armies to keep Sweden free and alive. But it would be Charles XI who imposed ruthless land restitution and industrialization laws, revitalized the country while building the army, creating a military caste deeply loyal to the Swedish monarchy itself. With overwhelming ambition, Charles saved Sweden from collapse, but in doing so he built one of the most absolutist monarchies in Europe.

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    But it would be on June 17, 1682, when his heir would be born. Bearing the name of his father, Prince Charles would prove to be full of promise and potential. His strong and stubborn character made him impress and anger those around him. Even Charles was famous for never breaking a promise or deviating from it. Charles XI had lived an austere and spertan life to the point that he passed it on to his son. At the same time he taught to be a merciless lion towards his enemies but a generous lamb towards his people. While his mother taught him the Christian values of honor, humility and compassion while praying. Charles XI would die in 1700 of stomach cancer and a young 18-year-old Charles would ascend the throne. Many nobles suspected that he was too young for like many young men he was adventurous and impatient, galloping through the streets of Stockholm while breaking glass with his sword. But the Young Lion's cool and taciturn demeanor would serve as protection against diplomats and other foreigners.

    Unlike other kings and emperors of the time, Charles demanded that the nobles swear allegiance to him not before but after his coronation on December 14, 1700. Charles did not ask for their obedience or make concessions to his rule, his authority had to be absolute without limitations on promises or obligations. By the grace of God, he was anointed as king: Carolus King. His government was done as he saw fit and he stood out for his absolutism, even imposing a personal trial on any criminal where you could end up sentenced for life or shot. But even so, Charles was not the evil tyrant they described, his personality had a human side. He forbade torture and judged those around him to be committed to his merit by instituting a noble meritocracy. Almost like a copy of the Elysium ideal from "Gloria ex amore Imperium", Charles treated everyone who was loyal to him with respect and appreciation. But even so, the first years of government were boring and he delegated them to his mother and sister.

    Charles, unlike other kings and princes, was not looking for women but adventure, danger and difficulty. He was a born soldier and dreamed of greatness and glory comparable to that of his ancestors brought to Sweden. But the war caused the Dano-Norwegian Realm to start forging alliances with Poland. That made Charles see Europe through the eyes of a hungry lion. Charles learned of the entire outbreak of hostilities during a bear hunt and immediately returned to Stockholm while calling in his various Fältmarskalk (Field marshal) to prepare the armies that for almost twenty years had been trained and organized to a level that many they compared it with the Legions of Elysium to the point that the Swedish Society itself supported the army, giving rise to the phrase: Sweden is an army with a state, not a state with an army. After arriving at the Swedish Parliament, Carolus Rex gave such a speech preparing to enforce the Swedish Dream.

    The Swedish army was one of the best in Europe, which in the hands of a skilled commander became a deadly tool. But Charles knew that it was not enough to win one or two decisive battles. He had to take strategically precise territories or everything would have been for nothing, so he decided to cross the Øresund like his own Rubicon: there would be no going back. In a strategic pincer maneuver, Charles XII sent his Fältmarskalk Johan August Meijerfeldt the Elder to invade Norway. The invasion of Norway began at the same time as that of Denmark, with a swift Swedish naval attack on the gunboats at Hvaler, eliminating Norway's regional naval capacity, the Swedish army passing through Hvaler and Fredrikstad, laying siege to Oslo while a second army encircled Oslo and marched to take the coastal cities of Trondheim, Bergen, and Stavanger. The Swedish naval superiority compared to that of Norway put great pressure on Norwegian finances by cutting off trade and military supplies, which combined with the proximity of the Swedish armies finally made the Norwegian military situation untenable.

    By the winter of 1721, Norway was under Swedish occupation. Denmark was directly invaded by Charles XII of Sweden with over ten thousand soldiers landing at Humlebaek 35 km north of Copenhagen. After the successful landing, Charles XII laid siege to Copenhagen, which had been under fire from the Swedish fleet. The siege of Copenhagen together with the constant bombardment both from the sea and from the land contributed to the fact that finally at the beginning of 1722, Denmark surrendered and Norway, Denmark and Sweden joined in a single kingdom under the name of Kingdom of Scandinavia, at the same time. time that Charles XII became Charles XII of Sweden and I of Scandinavia in 1725. Apart from formalizing a better union, Charles married Princess Charlotte Amalie Oldenburg of Denmark.

    After the conquest, as the Norwegians and Danes would call it, Charles XII, would initiate the second advance after cementing relations with his new territories in which he visited the main cities. But still, he kept his army of Caroleans as the core of his army. When Charles left to serve the Swedish Dominium Maris Baltici, he left his General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, an experienced political and military leader and part of Charles XI's "Old Guard", in charge of Denmark. Charles XII crossed the Eider, which for centuries divided Denmark and the Holy Roman Empire in 1726, commanding an army of 100,000 soldiers of which 20,000 were Caroleans. Charles XII, like Gustavus Adolphus, was seen as a Champion of Protestantism. Unlike Gustavus Adolphus's troops, Charles's had a set of rules whereby a soldier would be executed if he was found guilty of rape, interruption of a prayer, or uttering God's name in vain.

    The latter was considered the worst of all crimes, since religion was an important measure to keep morale and discipline high. Charles XII's reputation as an invincible military commander and champion of Protestantism caused the armies of Schleswig-Holstein to be defeated thanks to the brutal and effective work of the Caroleans who were early shock troops for the time. Later Brandenburg was invaded by Charles using as a claim, to recover the Swedish Pomerania, which he achieved after a disappointing performance of the Prussian army in the war that damaged its international prestige to the point that Sweden occupied Brandenburg turning it into a vassal state of the Kingdom of Scandinavia. This at the same time occurred in Prussia which saw some opposition from militant defenders who were easily placated. Then, Sweden in a clear provocative maneuver, tried to buy Pomerania from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but after several rejections.

    Charles invaded the Commonwealth at the battle of Klissow, Pultusk and finally Fraustadt the latter being compared to the ancient battle of Cannae due to the use of double encirclement Swedish forces, with a deadly result for the Polish-Russian army who had joined. in the last stages of the invasion in 1728. The defeat caused the Commonwealth to lose its access to the Baltic while abandoning any claim to posterity at the same time as it made peace with the kingdom of Scandinavia. But it would be against Russia
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    where, for the first time in Europe, the Scandinavian Panzers (European man-powered Testudos) would clash against the Russians in the Battle of Narva. In battle, the Russian Testudos would stop the Scandinavian advance who came to support the besieged troops at Nyenskans, a Scandinavian fortress at the confluence of the Neva River and Okhta River, the site of present-day Saint Petersburg, Russia.

    The Nyenskans fortress was soon abandoned and demolished by Peter, who built a superior fortress nearby as the beginning of the city of St. Petersburg. The Russian campaign stood out for being continuous infantry clashes with little cavalry due to the swampy terrain that existed in the region where the outnumbered Swedes managed to withstand the onslaught of the Russian troops, thanks to the use of the Panzers as artillery cars where It would support the infantry in forward positions following their pace. The Russians lacked as much training as the Swedes so they performed poorly due to a lack of qualified support personnel or even unfit for immediate service due to difficulties with the supply of spare parts. The Swedish forces benefited from much deeper and more flexible training than the Russians at the tactical and operational level as well as increased armor thanks to the Swedish steel that was attached to the Testudo.

    At this point, in 1729, Peter offered to surrender the Baltic countries except St. Petersburg because of the Finnish light cavalry in the service of Sweden, who excelled in skirmishes, raids, and reconnaissance who harassed the Russian rear. Charles ended up accepting the treaty finally obtaining a dominium maris baltici under Swedish-Scandinavian rule. The cannons in Europe fell silent but others sounded overseas. In Cassiopea, clashes in Rio de Plata between Iberian and Elysian settlers reached the Senate and a war cry resounded: Omnia Cassiopea pro Elysium. (All Cassiopeia for Elysium). Elysium demanded compensation for the mistreatment of its merchants and the theft of material that was classified as contraband by the Iberian authorities, which was denied at the time that sensationalized accounts of "atrocities" committed by the Elysians in the Empire were published in the Iberian cities. Inca; Headlines like "Pagan Assassins" were commonplace. This tone escalated with the headline "To hell with Elysium!" quickly appearing.

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    Iberian public opinion demanded immediate action against that insult and soon the Edict of Military Freedom was issued. An edict allowing the creation of Tercios (Brigade-sized units: 3,000 men) in New Spain and Rio de la Plata while allowing slaves to join the Tercios in exchange for their freedom: These slaves would act as soldiers, workers and guides. But it was in 1725, when the Elysian-Iberian war would begin when an Elysian coastguard would board an Iberian sugar merchant ship and the captain of the ship: Juan Jimenez de la Saña would end up resisting which would lead to an act of common barbarism in the Legions, Juan Jimenez would end up being held and in front of his crew he would receive several rapid semicircular cuts with a gladius on the scalp to later be scalped from the Iberian who would survive.

    Juan Jimenez would show his wounds as proof of Elysian barbarism and would soon declare war. Elysium would not take long, thanks to its faster communications system, to mobilize several Legions that began invading Rio de la Plata through Nova Macedonia while the Classis would support a land invasion along the coast. However difficulties such as the weather would be present for the invading Elysians who had never fought against a European army. The Viceroyalties had one objective: to resist until the arrival of experienced forces, but such a task was made difficult by the ongoing war against England and France. Elysium at the same time applied a naval doctrine that they called "Mare Lupus" whose objective was to attack the Iberian naval routes and hundreds of Iberian ships, looting their goods and taking slaves, which allowed them to operate with virtual impunity in the ocean; even Elysian ship captains came to attack poorly protected French and English merchants leaving no survivors as they enslaved or killed everyone.

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    Two legions numbering approximately 12,400 strong crossed the mountain passes that separated Rio de Plata from Nova Macedonia across the Ibero-Elysian border. The Force Commander was Gneus Sulpicius: A seasoned veteran commander who had been deployed to various areas. Sulpicius stood out for ordering the Classis to harass any possible coastal settlement, resulting in the destruction of an important sector of the civilian fishing fleet at the same time as the occupation of the Malvinas as an advanced naval base. As the Legions advanced while using their Testudos as support pieces or mobile artillery pieces. Even so, the Iberians get the support of the Inca remnants that lived in Rio de la Plata, they form an army called Inka Awqaqkuna although the Spanish called it the Inca Army. The Inca army had been trained to fight according to the Iberian style but due to the nature of the Legions, they ended up using terror as a weapon.

    The military situation improved for Iberia when a convoy arrived along with its new Captain General (equivalent to O-10: General), Sebastián de Eslava y Lazaga, built a fortified line of forts and other military defenses. This led to a period of success for the Iberians, as they used the Incas for continuous raiding, skirmishing and guerrilla attacks. Beginning in 1727, the Legions began to use "hedgehog" tactics, which involved setting up well-defended outposts to force the Incas into conventional battles rather than using guerrilla tactics. This tactic resulted in heavy losses to the Inca Army to the point that they lost their combat effectiveness. In the midst of these combats, the first combat use of hot air balloons was applied where the aeronauts transported light supplies and even offered aerial observations for artillery fire. This resulted in the fall of cities one after another.

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    By April 1728, Rio de la Plata was fully occupied, which was followed by the deployment of six more Legions, which translated into 49,600 Legionnaires who did not take long to invade New Spain. The Iberians had to rely on small unit tactics and ambushes in the face of disproportionate Elysian military and technological superiority due to the greater training and equipment of the average legionnaire. The Elysians' reaction to the guerrillas was harsh: Rape became a disturbing weapon used just like summary executions. Young Iberian women who couldn't escape the approaching enemy patrols smeared themselves with whatever stinky stuff they could find, including human excrement. Severed heads were raised on sticks, bodies were horribly disembowelled, and body parts were taken as "souvenirs." Elysian troops decapitated bodies and displayed the heads along roadsides to instill fear and crush rebellion.

    In December 1729, the Elysian artillery crushed the city of "Ciudad Real de Nuestra Señora de las Nieves" (João Pessoa, Paraíba), the morale of the Elysian Imperial troops was high while the Iberian ones fell especially with the sight of crucified bodies or beheaded along the Elysian trenches. The Iberian city of Ciudad Real de Nuestra Señora de las Nieves was the last Spanish stronghold in Cassiopeia and was already in ruins after weeks of intense bombardment. But a communique stopped the bombardment but not the siege. Iberian Kingdom and Elysium were having peace talks. The peace talks were surprisingly easy as Iberia had seen that it was a lost cause to fight for Cassiopeia while the strategic advantages that the Elysians had favored those who wanted to focus on Africa, Europe and Asia. This only quickly saw the advantages given to the Elysians by their military system and they adopted many of its innovations in particular the General Staff, universal conscription and highly detailed mobilization systems.

    The Elysian industry, its weapons, training system taught Iberia and other nations a lesson, more so when in an act of massive humiliation. The prisoners still held by the Elysians were returned and received by the Iberians in silence and covered in black. Elysium agreed to pay an indemnity proportionate to the Iberian population in Cassiopeia, which led to a greater sense of Vengeance against Elysium from Iberia, which morphed into a greater focus on industrializing Africa and its viceroyalties.

    Elysium achieved a victory and finally dominated its own hemisphere without any other power or nation. Elysium celebrated the victory with a Triumph in all the great cities. Peace in this global conflict, although it was bitter for some: The Ottoman Empire lost Libya, England failed to keep its possessions in France although it managed to unify West Africa in Goldcoast Colony, France got Libya in exchange for West Africa and Iberia instead lost their viceroyalties in Cassiopeia. It was prosperous for others: Elysium and
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    Sweden were the undisputed winners in such a conflict. Leisure, literacy, wealth, ease of travel, and a broader sense of community grew as annual vacations became common. Tourists flocked to the balnearius (Resorts) that became popular in tropical or mountainous regions thanks to heating or air conditioning powered by electricity. Organized leisure primarily a male activity, with middle-class women allowed on the fringes, increased with the rise of games like Harpastum: A game quite similar to rugby where teams would strive to keep the ball behind their side of the line and prevent opponents from reaching her at any cost except death.

    But technology also increased, when the first Autocinetum (Cars) powered by electric motors were invented. These Autocinetum became popular among the patricians and those Equites who could afford.
    Oh Elysium o craddle of Empire,
    Every house holds one flag
    The Legion suits you well,
    For the Patria blood will spill

    Elysian Boys are fighting, from Alyaska to the deserts of Nova Macedonia~
    Elysian Boys are fighting, from Alyaska to the deserts of Nova Macedonia~
    For this land my mother bore me
    For the Fasces, Lupus and the Aquilae
    I'm a Warrior of Elysium, I will bring more lands to my country

    Generation after generation in these lands, I'm ancient as Europe itself~
    Generation after generation in these lands, I'm ancient as Europe itself~
    No I will not abandon my land! Not even an step!
    Oh mother you're saying 'goodbye' to a soldier

    Because here I'm antiqua, for Elysium I'll give my breath
    Because here I'm antiqua, for Elysium I'll give my breath

    If you belong to the Aquilae, you are Elysian
    No I will not abandon my land! Not even an step!

    Because here I'm antiqua, for Elysium I'll give my breath

    Because here I'm antiqua, for Elysium I'll give my breath
     
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    Chapter 49 Caesar Gnaeus Furius Rubro 2503 AUC / 1750 AD - 2531 AUC / 1778 AD

  • Imperator Caesar Augustus Gnaeus Furius Rubro
    Quintus Furius Casiopeanus died in 1750 after several months in which his health began to seriously deteriorate and his doctor ordered him to rest completely, for which he had to stop his daily morning walks until he finally died at the age of eighty-four. His successor was his adopted son Gnaeus. Gnaeus was the son of a successful patrician businessman and the eldest daughter of a prominent political figure in Septimia, who was Mayor of his city. Gnaeus served in the war aboard a Testuda Maris. In his service he achieved up to forty corona navalis: a distinction given to the Roman legionnaire who entered the enemy ship first during a boarding. At the same time, several civil Crowns were awarded to the soldier who saved the life of another or other soldiers in battle. After the War, he stood out for being a politician who advocated the improvement of Elysium and was even quite progressive to the point that he stood out for having several illegitimate children.

    Among the first measures taken upon the rise to the throne of Gnaeus Furius was to romanize the name of the provinces of New Spain and Rio de la Plata, which became Magna Sarmatia and Fluvius Argentius. Magna Sarmatia and Fluvius Argentius experienced rapid colonization as waves of freedmen, veteran legionnaires with families, and slaves arrived. Large factories producing textiles, weaponry, heavy machinery, steel, telegraph wire, and building materials arose as a result of dedicated and directed efforts by Equites or Patrician Entrepreneurs. At the same time, thousands of slaves were building extensions of railroad tracks to the point that they reached every major city. But at the same time, provincial Governors were given permission to organize, equip, and send colonization expeditions due to the large number of hostile natives still remaining south of Fluvius Argentius and in the interior of Magna Sarmatia.

    While this was happening, the Kingdom of Scandinavia although many called it more the Swedish Empire due to the capital of Stockholm and the ruling house being the Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg. The Son of Charles XII was Charles XIII, a young king who had a youth comparable to his father to the point that the Prince was found in bed with several daughters of foreign diplomats. This was fixed when he grew up and was crowned. Charles XIII, soon became the most popular and powerful man in Northern Europe, to the point that men and women called him "gentleman in every sense of the word". Charles XIII invested in industry as well as in promoting the economy and investment, which led to greater prosperity for the Scandinavian Empire as a whole to the point that entering the Baltic was like entering the Mediterranean Sea in the Roman Empire, piracy was rare given the drastic but effective measures.

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    But even so, one of the most remarkable facts of his was his study of the Elysium-Iberian war and he saw that it was necessary to improve the country and its armament just like Gustav II Adolph did. Therefore, it did not take long to manufacture an innovative weapon that would change the concept of "weapon": The inventor of this weapon was Sven Polhammar, a Swedish scientist, inventor and industrialist. The Weapon consists of nine fixed barrels attached to beams and crates. The gun was loaded with a cylinder containing nine rounds of ammunition, arranged so that the rounds lined up with the barrels of the gun. A firing handle was then attached, which locked the cylinder in place. The gun was fired by turning the handle, with the barrels firing in sequence. By turning the handle quickly, a high rate of fire can be achieved, or slowly, single shots. Once all nine rounds of ammunition in the chamber were spent, the cylinder could be removed for reloading and a fresh cylinder inserted into the chamber.

    The weapon was given the name Polhammar Volley Gun (OTL:Bailey machine gun), although many abbreviated it as Polhammers or Polguns. These Polguns first came into prominence when the Scandinavian army was deployed in North Germany when the German Religious Wars broke out pitting Protestants against Catholics. In some cases where the Polhammar Volley Guns were put to good use, they proved that they could have a significant impact. Batteries of Polguns at the Battle of Hesse devastated the Catholic infantry en masse as they quickly found the range of their objectives, contributing to the exceptionally high Catholic death toll in that battle. The Caroleans welcomed its use as it allowed sustained fire when on the defensive but was cumbersome to handle and dangerous if handled by an inexperienced crew. For this reason, it was decided that only veteran and trained crews would have it. Scandinavia brought to the world the first rapid-fire gun for powder.

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    The Germanic Religious Wars on the other hand caused problems as Catholics were attacked on a similar level as the Protestant Reformation and faced with the inactivity of the other Catholic nations, Pope Benedict XIV decided to restore ancient militant orders along with the creation of a Pontifical Army. The Templar order was restored with all its honors, which provoked the fury of the Kingdom of France because they were its main causes of fall, but the threat of excommunication made the French King keep quiet. The Papacy undertook a campaign where they arranged their finances to the point that they achieved a surplus.

    The papacy began a diplomatic-military campaign focused on the unification of the Italian peninsula using reasons for unification such as religion. The first military campaign that served as a baptism of fire was the Battle of Florence, where the well-organized and well-equipped papal army defeated the mostly unreliable and unmotivated Tuscan troops to fight the church itself. The armies of the Papacy were characterized by their revolutionary fervor, their poor equipment and their large number of troops. Though like the Kingdom of Scandinavia, the Papacy would have its version of Caroleans in the form of the Knights Templar. The Knights Templar acted in a similar way to the Ottoman Janissaries, although they were mostly made up of veteran troops from other conflicts, many of whom were Catholics from North Germany. The Templars would organize themselves into Chapters that would function as Regiments of a thousand men trained to attack fortified positions.

    The Militarism of the Church caused even more discontent in powers such as Iberia or France, although France risked excommunication while Iberia posed a threat due to Iberian Naples. But in 1758 a Neapolitan rebellion broke out due to various abuses by Iberian soldiers. The Neapolitan Revolt of 1758 pitted the Royal Iberian Army against Neapolitan rebels, many veterans of the African war, and later against an expedition of Catholic volunteers armed and equipped to papal standards. The Volunteer Expedition attracted scattered groups of rebels and the combined forces defeated the Iberian army after several successful but hard-fought battles. The Catholics marched as the population everywhere cheered them and military resistance faded in a mad rush to the Strait of Messina to seize the ships and flee to Sicily, which would serve as the last Iberian stronghold in Italy. Benedict XIV died in bed only to be succeeded by Clement XIII.

    Clement XIII would achieve peace with the Iberian Kingdom at the cost of giving them Sicily and losing the autonomy of the Inquisition in the Hispanic Kingdom, but he would also stand out for his work in the modernization of Italy. He would initiate the construction of railways, the Pontifical Bank and agrarian reforms. At the same time, he promoted a fast economy while improving military and financial management, eventually being able to buy and later build his own French-designed volley guns, the Mitrailleuse. Italy relied heavily on an agrarian economy as it was easier to create than heavy industry after a long history of being occupied by foreign armies, a condition that worsened the chronic development gap towards more advanced European economies. The arrival of tens of thousands of Catholic refugees laid the foundation for spectacular economic growth that would last for years.

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    Meanwhile, the Elysium Empire began a plan with the aim of transforming the Fertile Pampas (lowlands) of Southern Cassiopeia that cover more than 1,200,000 square kilometers into a successful agricultural business where much of the area is also used for cattle ranching and, more Later, for the cultivation of vineyards, which contributed to the fact that, together with the railway network, Elysium ranked first in the world producer of beef, producing 25 million tons annually. But while this was happening, an invention arose, the first Ingenium Motor Pyro (IMP) (OTL: Internal combustion engine) using as fuel a variety of Petroleum that was used as fuel for flashlights. The IMP spawned a new industry for the Petroleum located in the Far North of the Empire, Neronia and Nova Venetia. This came on the heels of increased interest from the Legions for motorization: Civilian Autoplaustrums (OTL: Trucks) could often be easily adapted to military uses for transporting soldiers, towing artillery, and transporting equipment and supplies.

    Therefore, an Iroquois company called Imperialis Motores Collegium, the largest manufacturer of locomotives in all North Elysium, managed to get a contract where it would supply the Legions with motorized vehicles. A great challenge, which was easily overcome thanks to the introduction of the first mobile assembly line. Through the division of labor, the constant reduction of costs and the optimization of processes, the company crossed an experience curve to reduce the price and increase the volume of production, which in the long run would make the common Plebeian and Equite middle class end up interested in obtaining a motorized vehicle. This surge of interest brought with it a construction project called the Imperial Road Network (I.R.N): a network of strategic highways serving majors, ports, Castrums, railyards and more.

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    On the other hand, Elysium would develop its first Polybolum (OTL: Machine gun), this Polybolum was the first automatic firearm in the world while having a recoil firing system, although it required water cooling. The Polybolum's mechanism used one of the first recoil-actuated firing systems in history. The idea is that the recoil energy acting on the breech block is used to eject each spent cartridge and insert the next, rather than a manual mechanism. Early designs used a 360-degree rotating cam to reverse the block's motion, but this was later simplified to a toggle lock. This made it much more efficient and less labor-intensive than the rapid-firing pistols of other countries, such as the Mitrailleuse or Polhammer. Tests showed that the Polybolum could fire 600 rounds per minute. Although, it was heavy, bulky and uncomfortable. A lone soldier could fire the gun, but it was usually operated by a team of men, usually 4 to 6. In addition to the gunner, another crew was needed to speed reloading, spot targets, and transport and prepare ammunition and water. Several men were needed to move or assemble the heavy weapon.

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    Along with the Polybolum-01 (OTL:Maxim Gun) came the first bolt-action rifle (Coclius lubrico). It was loaded manually by actuating a lever on the bolt of the rifle or carbine. To load the weapon, the bolt is opened, the ammunition is inserted and the bolt is closed again. Once the weapon is fired, the bolt is reopened and the casing is automatically ejected. The CL-01 (OTL:Mauser 98) was an accurate and powerful rifle with a long range, but it showed the absolute reliability of the rifle under adverse conditions. A seal that Elysium made an effort to mark on all its weapons to the point that any weapon created in Elysium had to go through various tests that included being bathed in mud, blows, water, fire, even sand inside. This new generation brought a change of uniform as well.
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