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The Mamluk Sultanate was an interesting 'empire' in a sense that they were built on the foundation of the Cuman, Circassian and Georgian slave origin. They lasted unusually long, from the times of the Crusaders until the Ottoman Empire conquered them. Moreover, they held the holy Islamic cities of Mecca and Medina.

Now suppose what will happen to the geopolitical climate of the Middle East if the Mamluks actually avoided Ottoman conquest? Would they actually be in a position to control all of North Africa and the Levant, or would they simply be conquered by the Ottomans at a later date?
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