What about a different renaissance? The early studies on magnetism and mathematics develop into a systematic study of nature and physics. The catholic church, instead of opposing such studies, encourages them under the explanation that these studies only further demonstrate the Greateness of God (any doctrinal point can be easily dealt with). This pod will lead to people like Galileo, Kepler and others to have freedom of research. Hopefully all this could lead to a manned expedition in the late 19th century.
Definitly a possibility, but there's a long way anyway. I would consider Bukhara too, the observatory built there was pretty advanced for the times.[/quote]
Yes this POD is a great one! Monotheism dosen't have to be against science, in fact much of the christian bibles faulty logic can just be explained as the reasoning of the higher power that seeks to makes us the best souls we can be. Physics and Mechanics would probably make the best progress as they have fundamental laws- biology, medicine, and the social sciences would be taboo however as they challenge the establishment more often.